本文選題：三維打印　切入點(diǎn)：分子動(dòng)力學(xué)　出處：《西北工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：各種疾病、意外造成的骨缺損在臨床中十分常見。不同于人的皮膚等軟組織器官,人骨的自我修復(fù)能力較弱,很難實(shí)現(xiàn)自我修復(fù)。尤其在嚴(yán)重車禍情況,下肢體的缺損會(huì)使病患失去運(yùn)動(dòng)技能。目前臨床應(yīng)用最多的人工骨是以金屬、碳纖維等材料制成,在其植入人體后,自始至終都是以異物的形式存在,不斷刺激機(jī)體引發(fā)排斥反應(yīng),給病患帶來痛苦。骨缺損最理想的修復(fù)方法是在人體內(nèi)植入可降解的人工骨支架,這些支架攜帶人骨細(xì)胞在植入人體后,最終會(huì)被人體降解,它的位置會(huì)由人骨取代,成長(zhǎng)為真正的人骨,而不會(huì)引發(fā)排斥反應(yīng)。傳統(tǒng)方法制備的可降解骨支架外形不匹配,內(nèi)部孔隙也難以有效控制,這不利于骨支架的成活,而借助于3D打印技術(shù)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)孔隙可控,外形精確的快速個(gè)性化骨支架的制備。本研究從骨缺損修補(bǔ)的前景與方向出發(fā),探討了NBCA/HA復(fù)合材料對(duì)骨支架的性能影響,對(duì)比了幾種方法設(shè)計(jì)的骨支架的性能,優(yōu)化了骨支架制備的參數(shù)。首先,闡述了人工骨支架在骨組織工程中的應(yīng)用,介紹了人工骨支架的材料與制備方式,對(duì)比了不同材料、不同制備方式的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),突出了本文所研究的采用3DP方式制備的可降解生物陶瓷骨支架的優(yōu)勢(shì)。其次,研究了骨支架的設(shè)計(jì)方法,主要包括骨支架的密質(zhì)骨設(shè)計(jì)與松質(zhì)骨的設(shè)計(jì)。骨支架的密質(zhì)骨輪廓通過病患的CT圖片經(jīng)過三維重構(gòu)獲得,松質(zhì)骨的結(jié)構(gòu)則通過降維設(shè)計(jì)的方法,在二維圖片上設(shè)計(jì)微孔再經(jīng)過三維重構(gòu)獲得三維的疏松多孔結(jié)構(gòu)。然后,對(duì)骨支架材料性能設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行了探究,提出了一種利用分子動(dòng)力學(xué)原理預(yù)測(cè)材料性能的方法,利用該方法研究了NBCA材料與HA材料之間的相互作用機(jī)理,探究了NBCA對(duì)HA材料機(jī)械性能的影響,計(jì)算出NBCA/HA復(fù)合體系的彈性模量,并經(jīng)納米壓痕儀實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了復(fù)合材料的分子動(dòng)力學(xué)計(jì)算結(jié)果。最后,對(duì)采用隨機(jī)法、網(wǎng)格法、CAD法設(shè)計(jì)的松質(zhì)骨支架進(jìn)行了機(jī)械性能與生物性能的測(cè)試,包括:支架的抗壓強(qiáng)度測(cè)試、孔隙率、孔徑分布、微觀形貌、相對(duì)滲透率等,并對(duì)這幾種方法設(shè)計(jì)的骨支架性能進(jìn)行了對(duì)比。
[Abstract]:Bone defects caused by various diseases and accidents are very common in clinic. Unlike soft tissue organs such as human skin, human bone is weak in self-repair and difficult to self-repair, especially in serious car accidents. A defect in the lower limb can cause the patient to lose his motor skills. At present, the most commonly used artificial bone is made of metal, carbon fiber and other materials. After it is implanted into the human body, it always exists in the form of a foreign body. The ideal way to repair a bone defect is to put degradable artificial bone scaffolds in the human body, which carry human bone cells and are eventually degraded by the human body. It is replaced by a human bone and becomes a real human bone without causing rejection. The biodegradable bone scaffolds made by traditional methods do not match the shape and the internal pores are difficult to control effectively, which is not conducive to the survival of the bone scaffolds. With the help of 3D printing technology, the rapid and individualized bone scaffolds with controllable pores and precise shape can be prepared. The effect of NBCA/HA composite materials on the properties of bone scaffolds was discussed from the perspective and direction of bone defect repair. The properties of bone scaffold designed by several methods were compared and the parameters of bone scaffold preparation were optimized. Firstly, the application of artificial bone scaffold in bone tissue engineering was described, the materials and preparation methods of artificial bone scaffold were introduced, and different materials were compared. The advantages and disadvantages of different preparation methods highlight the advantages of biodegradable bioceramic bone scaffolds prepared by 3DP in this paper. Secondly, the design method of bone scaffolds is studied. The outline of dense bone of bone scaffold is obtained by three-dimensional reconstruction of CT images of patients, and the structure of cancellous bone is designed by reducing dimension. The porous porous structure of the bone scaffold was obtained by 3D reconstruction. Then, a method of predicting the properties of the bone scaffold by molecular dynamics was proposed. The interaction mechanism between NBCA material and HA material was studied by this method. The influence of NBCA on mechanical properties of HA material was investigated. The elastic modulus of NBCA/HA composite system was calculated. Finally, the mechanical and biological properties of the cancellous bone scaffold designed by random method and grid CAD method were tested. Including: compressive strength test, porosity, pore size distribution, micromorphology, relative permeability and so on. The performance of bone scaffold designed by these methods was compared.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：R68;R318.08

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