本文關鍵詞： 磁共振 手術導航 系統(tǒng)矯正 坐標配準 坐標變換　出處：《寧波大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著社會經(jīng)濟和科學技術的發(fā)展,人們對于生活質(zhì)量的要求也相應提高,特別是在跟自身息息相關的食品、健康、醫(yī)療等方面的要求也越來越高。在醫(yī)療方面,原有的傳統(tǒng)解剖手術即使能治愈病人,也會給病人帶來較多并發(fā)癥以及較大的創(chuàng)傷性,且非常不利于病人的術后恢復。如今人們對于手術的要求也越來越高,不僅要能很好的切除病灶,達到治愈病情的效果,而且也要盡量減少手術對人體帶來的傷害,使得病人能在術后能較快的恢復,減少相應的并發(fā)癥。在這樣的社會環(huán)境和市場需求下,手術導航系統(tǒng)應運而生。本文在總結(jié)了手術導航系統(tǒng)研究現(xiàn)狀和參考了多種不同類型的手術導航系統(tǒng)的基礎上,對手術導航系統(tǒng)中的三個關鍵技術展開了研究:1.在坐標配準方面,本文使用基于特征點集的配準算法。在用以坐標配準的特征點選取方法上,提出了一種脫離病人身體特征的基于外部工具的特征點采集方法,在特征點采集過程中,完全擺脫人機交互的依賴性,使用圖像分割技術自動識別感應球的圓心,降低了人為取點集對配準結(jié)果的精確性影響。2.在坐標變換方面,本文在傳統(tǒng)坐標變換的基礎上引入了基于四元數(shù)的方向變換的概念,針對磁共振物理坐標空間和虛擬影像顯示空間存在度量尺度差異的情況,給出了坐標尺度換算的方法來解決這個問題。3.在系統(tǒng)矯正方面,針對低場強磁共振環(huán)境下圖像均勻性和信噪比受外部環(huán)境的影響較大的問題,本文給出了一套系統(tǒng)矯正和配準的流程方案,使用自制的系統(tǒng)矯正工具,通過軟件的流程控制來快速矯正系統(tǒng)中幾個坐標系之間的配準關系,并提出一種動態(tài)矯正磁場中心平衡技術來確保系統(tǒng)的導航精度不受外界環(huán)境的影響。本文提出的三個關鍵技術上的解決方案,已成功運用于鑫高益公司的微創(chuàng)手術導航系統(tǒng)中。較之其他磁共振下的手術導航系統(tǒng),不僅保證了系統(tǒng)的導航精度,使其能準確顯示病灶和手術器械的信息,同時也降低了手術成本,解決了患者治病難的問題。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy and science and technology, people's requirements for the quality of life have been raised accordingly, especially in the fields of food, health and medical care, which are closely related to themselves. In the medical field, Even if the traditional anatomical surgery can cure the patients, it will bring more complications and more traumatic injuries to the patients, and it will be very unfavorable to the postoperative recovery of the patients. Nowadays, people are demanding more and more surgery. Not only can the focus be excised very well to achieve the effect of curing the disease, but also the injury to the human body caused by the operation should be minimized, so that the patient can recover more quickly after the operation. Under such social environment and market demand, surgical navigation system emerges as the times require. This paper summarizes the research status of surgical navigation system and refers to a variety of different types of surgery navigation system. In this paper, three key techniques in surgical navigation system are studied: 1. In the aspect of seat registration, this paper uses a registration algorithm based on feature points set. In this paper, a method of feature point acquisition based on external tools is proposed, which is independent of the patient's body characteristics. In the process of feature point acquisition, the image segmentation technique is used to automatically identify the center of the induction ball. In the process of feature point acquisition, the dependence of human-computer interaction is completely removed. In the aspect of coordinate transformation, the concept of direction transformation based on quaternion is introduced on the basis of traditional coordinate transformation. In view of the difference of measurement scale between physical coordinate space of magnetic resonance and virtual image display space, the method of coordinate scale conversion is given to solve this problem. Aiming at the problem that image uniformity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are greatly affected by external environment in low-field magnetic resonance environment, a set of system correction and registration process is presented in this paper, and a self-made system correction tool is used. The registration relationship between several coordinate systems can be corrected quickly by the flow control of the software. A dynamic magnetic field center balancing technique is proposed to ensure that the navigation accuracy of the system is not affected by the external environment. Three key technical solutions are proposed in this paper. Yu Xin Gaoyi's minimally invasive surgical navigation system has been successfully used. Compared with other surgical navigation systems under MRI, it not only ensures the navigation accuracy of the system, but also enables it to accurately display the information about the lesions and surgical instruments. At the same time, it also reduces the cost of operation and solves the problem of patient's treatment.
【學位授予單位】：寧波大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：R616;TP391.41

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本文編號：1525770