發(fā)布時間：2018-05-13 02:06

  本文選題：骨組織 + 分離式Hopkinson壓桿��； 參考：《華僑大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：骨組織是生命體重要的組成部分,有保護(hù)內(nèi)臟器官并支撐生命體完成運動的重要作用,在生命體成長、進(jìn)行運動的過程中骨組織都承受著自身以及外界附加載荷的作用,當(dāng)施加的外力超過骨組織的極限強(qiáng)度就會造成骨折,因此對骨組織力學(xué)特性和斷裂機(jī)理的研究具有重要的意義。本文以牛長骨密質(zhì)骨為研究對象,利用電子萬能試驗機(jī)和分離式Hopkinson壓桿實驗系統(tǒng),對牛長骨軸、徑、切向三個方向的圓柱試樣展開力學(xué)測試實驗,通過得到的應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變曲線分析長骨組織三個方向、不同應(yīng)變率下的應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變特性。同時結(jié)合高速攝像和掃描電子顯微鏡對長骨組織的結(jié)構(gòu)特征、宏觀和微觀斷裂特征以及限位環(huán)加載之后裂紋擴(kuò)展進(jìn)行觀察,分析了長骨組織不同方向的斷裂特征并結(jié)合骨組織結(jié)構(gòu)特點建立骨組織斷裂模型。主要研究成果概括如下:(1)長骨組織不同方向的力學(xué)特性存在各向異性,長骨組織軸向的極限強(qiáng)度和彈性模量均為三個方向中的最大值,而長骨徑向的極限應(yīng)變?yōu)槿齻�方向中的最大值,長骨組織軸向相比于徑向和切向有更高的強(qiáng)度而長骨徑向則有更大的韌性。(2)長骨組織的應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變特性表現(xiàn)出一定的應(yīng)變率相關(guān)性,隨著應(yīng)變率的增大長骨組織的極限強(qiáng)度、極限應(yīng)變均隨著應(yīng)變率的增大有增大的趨勢。高應(yīng)變率下的極限強(qiáng)度比準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)條件下高約30%-80%,彈性模量為準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)加載的4-10倍大,而準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)加載下的極限應(yīng)變則遠(yuǎn)大于高應(yīng)變率加載。(3)不同加載方式下長骨組織的斷裂特性不同,準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)加載下骨組織試樣斷裂穩(wěn)定類似均質(zhì)材料的斷裂形式,均呈45-55°剪切型斷口的破碎形式,而動態(tài)Hopkinson加載時破碎形式多樣,受內(nèi)部微觀結(jié)構(gòu)特征影響較大。(4)長骨組織不同方向的斷裂特征受骨單元、哈弗氏管、黏合線、橢圓腔隙等表面特征的影響。長骨軸向受內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)缺陷和骨單元特征影響最大,而徑向受骨單元及其內(nèi)部哈弗氏管影響最大,切向受骨板和內(nèi)部纖維的影響最大。(5)結(jié)合骨組織結(jié)構(gòu)特點和應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變特性建立了長骨組織不同方向的斷裂模型,可用于骨組織受載時力學(xué)特性和斷裂機(jī)理的分析。
[Abstract]:Bone tissue is an important part of life body. It has the important function of protecting visceral organs and supporting life body to complete the movement. In the process of life body growth and movement, bone tissue bears the function of itself and external additional load. When the applied external force exceeds the ultimate strength of bone tissue, fracture will be caused, so it is of great significance to study the mechanical properties and fracture mechanism of bone tissue. In this paper, using the electronic universal testing machine and the separate Hopkinson pressure bar experimental system, the mechanical testing experiments were carried out on the cylindrical specimens of the bovine long bone in three directions: axis, diameter and tangential direction. The stress-strain characteristics of long bone in three directions and at different strain rates were analyzed by the obtained stress-strain curves. At the same time, the structural characteristics, macroscopic and microscopic fracture characteristics of long bone and crack propagation after limited ring loading were observed by using high speed camera and scanning electron microscope. The fracture characteristics of long bone tissue in different directions were analyzed and the fracture model of bone tissue was established according to the characteristics of bone tissue structure. The main research results are summarized as follows: (1) anisotropy exists in the mechanical properties of long bone tissues in different directions. The axial ultimate strength and elastic modulus of long bone tissues are the maximum values in three directions. And the radial limit strain of the long bone is the maximum in three directions, The axial strength of long bone tissue is higher than that of radial and tangential direction, while the radial direction of long bone has greater toughness. 2) the stress-strain characteristics of long bone tissue show a certain strain rate correlation, and with the increase of strain rate, the ultimate strength of long bone tissue increases. The ultimate strain increases with the increase of strain rate. The ultimate strength at high strain rate is about 30-80 times higher than that under quasi-static condition, and the elastic modulus is 4-10 times larger than that under quasi-static loading, while the ultimate strain under quasi-static loading is much larger than that under high strain rate loading. Under quasi-static loading, the fracture of bone tissue is stable and similar to that of homogeneous material, all of them are in the form of 45-55 擄shear fracture, but the dynamic Hopkinson loading has a variety of fracture forms. The fracture characteristics of long bone tissue in different directions are influenced by the surface characteristics of bone unit, Hafer's tube, adhesive line and elliptical cavity. The axial direction of the long bone was most affected by internal structural defects and bone unit characteristics, while the radial direction was most affected by the bone unit and its internal Hafer's tube. The fracture model of long bone tissue in different directions was established in combination with the characteristics of bone structure and stress-strain. It can be used to analyze the mechanical properties and fracture mechanism of bone tissue under loading.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華僑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R318.01

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