本文選題：變應(yīng)性疾病 + 過敏原��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 研究背景：近50年來,由于工業(yè)化的加劇、環(huán)境的污染、飲食結(jié)構(gòu)的改變以及心理壓力增大等諸多因素,使得變態(tài)反應(yīng)性疾病的發(fā)病率呈逐年上升趨勢。目前全球共有2.5億人罹患變態(tài)反應(yīng)性疾病,占世界總?cè)丝诘?2%。變態(tài)反應(yīng)性疾病涉及多個(gè)臨床科室,包括皮膚科、耳鼻喉科、呼吸科等,臨床上以濕疹、特異性皮炎、過敏性鼻炎、過敏性哮喘等疾病最常見。因其癥狀復(fù)雜,種類繁多,難以根治,成為長期以來醫(yī)學(xué)界的一大難題。 變態(tài)反應(yīng)性疾病發(fā)生與多種內(nèi)外因素相關(guān),除患者有一定的遺傳基礎(chǔ)外,還受到多種致敏因素的影響,其中過敏原在變應(yīng)性疾病的發(fā)生、發(fā)展中起著關(guān)鍵性的作用。國外調(diào)查報(bào)告顯示：54%-69%的變態(tài)反應(yīng)性疾病是由于吸入性過敏原引起的。約33%的變態(tài)反應(yīng)由食物誘發(fā)。因此是預(yù)防和治療變態(tài)反應(yīng)性疾病的重要舉措之一。目前包頭地區(qū)未開展此領(lǐng)域的研究。本研究皆在了解包頭地區(qū)某些變應(yīng)性疾病的主要過敏原及過敏原在不同性別、不同年齡、不同時(shí)間、不同地區(qū)、不同職業(yè)、不同疾病患者中可能存在的差異,從而更好地為臨床提供診療依據(jù)。 研究目的：探討包頭市某醫(yī)院常見變應(yīng)性疾病的主要過敏原及過敏原在不同性別、不同年齡、不同季節(jié)、不同地區(qū)、不同職業(yè)、不同疾病患者中可能存在的差異,為臨床診療提供依據(jù),從而提出預(yù)防和治療過敏性疾病的有效措施。 研究方法：應(yīng)用德國Regumed公司生產(chǎn)的百康生物共振系統(tǒng)(BICOM-2000)治療儀對(duì)2008年2月1日-2009年1月31日到包頭醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院皮膚科就診的變態(tài)反應(yīng)性疾病患者(共計(jì)1902人)進(jìn)行過敏原檢測,詢問一般情況并進(jìn)行登記,將檢測資料整理后建立數(shù)據(jù)文件。用Epidata3.0軟件建立數(shù)據(jù)庫輸入數(shù)據(jù),SPSS11.5軟件包進(jìn)行相關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。 主要結(jié)果：(1)1902例患者過敏原檢測結(jié)果：過敏率排在前十位的分別為屋塵螨(52.9%),羊肉(41.9%),粉塵螨(39.3%),牛奶(34.9%)甲醛(32.0%),魚類混合物(32.0%),蒿(31.2%),動(dòng)物皮毛(31.0%),真菌混合物(29.7%),牛肉(28.5%),毛霉菌混合物(27.5%)。其中吸入組以屋塵螨、粉塵螨、蒿、動(dòng)物皮毛為主；食物及添加劑類以羊肉、牛奶、魚類混合物、苯甲酸為主,化學(xué)、接觸性物質(zhì)類以甲醛、細(xì)菌、農(nóng)藥為主。(2)不同性別的患者中香料、農(nóng)藥、苯胺、楊屬、辣椒、乙醇、真菌混合物等過敏原的陽性檢出率存在差異。(3)不同年齡的患者中毛霉菌混合物、羊肉、二甲基亞硝胺、牛奶、魚類混合物、雞蛋、細(xì)菌、香料、甲醛的過敏原陽性檢出率存在差異。(4)不同地區(qū)的患者中黃曲霉菌、毛霉菌混合物、動(dòng)物皮毛、甲醛、細(xì)菌、苯并芘、楊屬、玉米花粉、魚類混合物、辣椒、苯甲酸等過敏原陽性檢出率存在差異。(5)6種職業(yè)的患者中屋塵螨、粉塵螨、黃曲霉素、毛霉菌混合物等49種過敏原陽性檢出率存在差異。其中工人、學(xué)生、干部陽性率較高,農(nóng)民、兒童陽性率較低。(6)四個(gè)季節(jié)中除真菌混合物、二甲基亞硝胺之外,其他52種過敏原陽性率均有差異。(7)不同變應(yīng)性疾病患者的過敏原陽性率比較：54種主要過敏原在8種變態(tài)反應(yīng)性疾病中均有差異。 結(jié)論與建議：變應(yīng)性疾病就醫(yī)患者過敏原種類較多、陽性檢出率高,其中屋塵螨、粉塵螨、羊肉、牛奶、甲醛、蒿、楊屬是主要過敏原。建議在醫(yī)院和社區(qū)采取健康教育活動(dòng)等形式,使患者了解過敏原在變應(yīng)性疾病的發(fā)病中的重要性,避免相關(guān)過敏原的接觸,減少疾病的發(fā)生。還要改善居住環(huán)境,保持室內(nèi)干燥、通風(fēng),經(jīng)常曬洗衣服、被褥,經(jīng)常清洗空調(diào)、洗衣機(jī),減少一切接觸變應(yīng)原的可能。同時(shí)建議政府部門采取有效措施對(duì)包頭市主要綠化植物的蒿草、楊樹進(jìn)行環(huán)境干預(yù),減少和消除過敏原。
[Abstract]:Background: in the past 50 years, the incidence of allergic diseases is increasing year by year due to the intensification of industrialization, environmental pollution, the change of dietary structure and the increase of psychological pressure. At present, 250 million people worldwide suffer from allergic diseases, which are involved in the 22%. allergic diseases of the world's total population. Many clinical departments, including Department of Dermatology, Department of ENT, and so on, are the most common diseases such as eczema, specific dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. Because of their complex symptoms, various types and difficult to cure, it has become a major problem in the medical field for a long time.
The occurrence of allergic diseases is related to a variety of internal and external factors. In addition to a certain genetic basis, the patients are also affected by a variety of sensitization factors, in which the allergens play a key role in the occurrence of allergic diseases. The report of foreign investigation shows that the variable response disease of 54%-69% is caused by inhalation allergens. About 33% of the allergic reaction is induced by food. Therefore, it is one of the important measures to prevent and treat allergic diseases. There is no research in this area in Baotou. This study is to understand the main allergen and allergens of some allergic diseases in Baotou region, different sexes, different ages, different regions, different regions, and different regions. Occupational differences may exist among patients with different diseases, so as to provide a better basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Objective: To explore the possible differences between the main allergen and allergens of common allergic diseases in a hospital of Baotou in different sexes, different ages, different seasons, different regions, different professions and different diseases, provide the basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment, and put forward effective measures to prevent and treat allergic diseases.
Methods: the allergen test was carried out on the allergen patients (1902 people, total 1902) in the Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, February 1, 2008, which was produced by German company of German company, BICOM-2000. After that, data files were set up. Database input data were set up with Epidata3.0 software, and SPSS11.5 software package was used for statistical analysis.
Main results were as follows: (1) 1902 cases of allergen detection: the first ten were house dust mites (52.9%), mutton (41.9%), dust mites (39.3%), milk (34.9%) formaldehyde (32%), fish mixture (32%), Artemisia (31.2%), animal fur (31%), fungus mixture (29.7%), beef (28.5%), Mucor mixture (27.5%). Among them, the inhalation group The positive rates of allergens, such as spices, pesticides, aniline, poplar, poplar, poplar, poplar, poplar, poplar, poplar, poplar, peppers, ethanol and fungus mixture in different sex were different, mainly with mutton, milk, fish mixture, benzoic acid, chemical and contact substances. (2) (3) the positive rates of Mucor mixture, mutton, two methylnitrosamine, milk, fish mixture, eggs, bacteria, spices, and formaldehyde were different in different ages. (4) Aspergillus flavus, Mucor mixture, animal fur, formaldehyde, bacteria, benzopyrene, poplar, corn pollen, fish mixture and spicy in different areas. There were differences in positive detection rates of anaphylaxis, such as pepper and benzoic acid. (5) there were differences in positive rates of 49 allergen in 6 occupational patients, such as dust mites, Dermatophagoides, aflatoxin and mucormus, among which workers, students, cadres had a higher positive rate, and the positive rate of farmers and children was low. (6) in four seasons, the mixture of fungi, two methyl nitrite was found. The positive rates of the other 52 kinds of allergens were different. (7) the positive rates of allergens in patients with different allergic diseases were compared: the 54 major allergens were different in 8 allergic diseases.
Conclusions and suggestions: allergic diseases have more types of allergens and high positive rate, among which house dust mites, Dermatophagoides, mutton, milk, formaldehyde, Artemisia, and poplar are the main allergens. It is suggested that health education activities be adopted in hospitals and communities so that patients can understand the importance of allergen in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and avoid related factors. Contact of allergens, reduce the occurrence of disease, but also improve the living environment, keep indoor dry, ventilated, often washing clothes, bedding, often cleaning air conditioning, washing machine, reducing all exposure to allergens. Meanwhile, the government department should take effective measures to intervene in the environment of the Artemisia Artemisia and poplar in Baotou. And eliminate allergens.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：R758.2

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