染色體微陣列技術(shù)在胎兒常見泌尿系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)異常中的應用
發(fā)布時間:2018-05-27 12:17
本文選題:產(chǎn)前診斷 + 泌尿系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)異常。 參考:《廣州醫(yī)科大學》2014年碩士論文
【摘要】:先天性結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)育異常在全球足月新生兒中的發(fā)生率約為3%,其中泌尿系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)異常是先天性結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)育異常常見的類型,其在活產(chǎn)嬰中發(fā)生率約為0.3%-0.6%。在產(chǎn)前診斷中,隨著產(chǎn)前超聲等影像學技術(shù)的發(fā)展,對先天性泌尿系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)異常胎兒的臨床檢出率有了很大的提高。因而,胎兒泌尿系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)異常也成為產(chǎn)前診斷和產(chǎn)前咨詢中常遇到的類型,約占所有產(chǎn)前診斷畸形病例的30%。導致先天性泌尿系統(tǒng)畸形的原因具有高度異質(zhì)性,并且由于傳統(tǒng)細胞遺傳學技術(shù)具有分辨率低等較大局限性,絕大部分泌尿系統(tǒng)畸形胎兒病例的病因仍然未知。染色體微陣列分析(chromosome microarray analysis,CMA)是近年來新興發(fā)展起來的一種新技術(shù),已被證明在先天性結(jié)構(gòu)畸形、原發(fā)性智力低下以及生長發(fā)育遲緩等患者中是一種強有力的診斷工具。然而,在產(chǎn)前診斷中,應用CMA技術(shù)系統(tǒng)研究先天性泌尿系統(tǒng)畸形且染色體核型正常胎兒病例的研究未見報道。本研究旨在探討CMA技術(shù)在產(chǎn)前超聲提示泌尿系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)異常、伴或不伴發(fā)腎外異常并且染色體核型正常胎兒病例中的應用價值。 一、目的 1.探討全基因組高分辨率CMA技術(shù)在先天性泌尿系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)異常并且染色體核型正常胎兒病例中的應用價值。 2.探討CMA技術(shù)在單獨泌尿系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)異常胎兒病例和泌尿系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)異常伴發(fā)腎外異常胎兒病例之間其檢出率的差異性。 3.為建立先天性泌尿系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)異常胎兒病例的產(chǎn)前診斷流程提供理論依據(jù)。 4.為探討應用CMA技術(shù)在產(chǎn)前診斷中如何最大程度降低不明確拷貝數(shù)變異(copy number variations,CNVs)結(jié)果解釋困惑的策略提供實驗室支持。 二、方法 1.收集2012年3月至2013年6月在廣州市婦女兒童醫(yī)療中心產(chǎn)前診斷中心因孕期超聲檢查提示胎兒發(fā)生泌尿系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)異常而接受侵入性產(chǎn)前診斷的45例胎兒病例樣本。這些胎兒病例中,包括單獨的泌尿系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)育異常病例20例和泌尿系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)異常合并其他腎外異常的病例25例。全部45例胎兒病例經(jīng)常規(guī)G-顯帶染色體核型分析均未見異常。 2.分別使用Qiagen和Puregene DNA提取試劑盒從臍血和羊水細胞中提取胎兒樣本基因組DNA,使用NanoDrop分光光度計對DNA的濃度和純度進行測量。 3.根據(jù)Affymetrix公司提供的CytoScan HD芯片(功能檢測超過270萬個生物學標記,包括75萬個SNPs探針和195萬個拷貝數(shù)探針)標準實驗操作流程對樣本DNA進行消化、連接、擴增、純化、片段化、標記信號、與芯片雜交及洗滌、染色與掃描芯片操作。 4.使用相配套的CHAS軟件對掃描芯片產(chǎn)生的.CEL文件進行數(shù)據(jù)分析。 5.根據(jù)國際在線公共數(shù)據(jù)庫(收錄與疾病相關(guān)的致病性CNV數(shù)據(jù)庫DECIPHER,人類已知的遺傳性疾病及致病基因數(shù)據(jù)庫OMIM,多態(tài)性變異數(shù)據(jù)庫DGV,分析CNV中基因含量及功能數(shù)據(jù)庫UCSC Genome Browser和PUBMED)和本實驗室的內(nèi)部參考數(shù)據(jù)庫(包括Affymetrix芯片平臺數(shù)據(jù)庫CAGdb和細胞基因組芯片國際標準聯(lián)合會數(shù)據(jù)庫ISCA)對CHAS軟件分析產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果進行數(shù)據(jù)比對分析,判斷CNV的性質(zhì)。 6.針對臨床意義不明確的CNVs(variants of unknown significant,VOUS),,進一步行父母樣本檢測進行綜合家系分析,明確CNV的性質(zhì)。 7.使用實時熒光定量PCR(RT-PCR)對致病性CNV進行驗證。 三、結(jié)果 1.全部45例先天性泌尿系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)異常的胎兒病例均成功進行了CMA檢測。CMA結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)良性CNVs的檢出率為82.2%(37/45),VOUS的檢出率為6.7%(3/45),致病性CNVs的檢出率為11.1%(5/45)。 2.在37例良性變異CNVs胎兒樣本中,有5例胎兒的CNVs是遺傳自健康父母中的一方,CMA結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)本研究中最常見且已在DGV數(shù)據(jù)庫中報道的多態(tài)性CNV片段有1q31.1微缺失、10q11.21微重復、14q11.2微缺失、14q32.33微重復和16p11.2微重復,本研究首次新發(fā)現(xiàn)的多態(tài)性CNV片段有2q32.1微重復、10q11.22微缺失、11q14.3微重復、15q13.1微重復和16p13.11微重復。 3.CMA在8例胎兒病例中檢出VOUS,進一步結(jié)合父母樣本檢測進行綜合家系分析結(jié)果提示其中3(3/45,6.7%)例胎兒病例的CNVs非雙親來源,因而其臨床意義仍然不明確,該3例VOUS分別為:2q13微重復(489kb),Xp22.33微重復(435kb)和Xq28微缺失(943kb)。 4.CMA在5例胎兒樣本中檢出的致病性CNVs,分別為:1q21.1微重復(318kb),7q21.11微重復(1.8Mb),12p13.33微缺失(1.95Mb),9q34.3微重復(3.35Mb)與17p13.2-13.3微缺失(5.03Mb),以及22q13.33微重復(1.2Mb)。該5例胎兒樣本均來源于泌尿系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)異常合并其他腎外異常的胎兒病例組。 四、結(jié)論 1.全基因組高分辨CMA技術(shù)在產(chǎn)前超聲提示泌尿系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)異常并且染色體核型正常的胎兒病例中具有重要的應用價值,該技術(shù)能夠?qū)⒅虏⌒缘臋z出率額外提高11.1%。 2.CMA技術(shù)對泌尿系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)異常合并其他腎外異常的胎兒病例其致病性檢出率高于單獨泌尿系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)異常胎兒病例(20.0%vs0%)。 3.在產(chǎn)前診斷中,對于常規(guī)染色體核型分析未見異常的先天性泌尿系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)異常胎兒病例,建議進一步行全基因組高分辨CMA技術(shù)分析。 4.實驗室數(shù)據(jù)分析人員和產(chǎn)前咨詢醫(yī)生之間的充分交流、結(jié)合家系綜合分析以及內(nèi)外部數(shù)據(jù)庫之間的數(shù)據(jù)比對都能夠顯著降低VOUS。
[Abstract]:In prenatal diagnosis , the incidence of abnormal fetal urinary system is about 0.3 % - 0.6 % .
I . Purpose
1 . To explore the application value of full - genome high - resolution CMA technique in congenital urinary system structural abnormalities and chromosomal karyotype normal fetal cases .
2 . To explore the difference of CMA in the diagnosis of abnormal fetal and urinary system structures with abnormal urinary system structure with abnormal fetal abnormalities .
3 . To provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of the prenatal diagnosis flow of congenital urinary system structural abnormalities .
4 . To explore how to minimize the copy number variations ( CNVs ) in prenatal diagnosis using CMA technique to provide laboratory support .
II . Methodology
1 . 45 cases of fetal cases diagnosed by invasive prenatal diagnosis were collected from March 2012 to June 2013 in the prenatal diagnosis center of Guangzhou Women ' s Children ' s Medical Center . Among these fetal cases , there were 20 cases of abnormal development of urinary system and 25 cases with abnormal urinary system structure and other extrarenal abnormalities . All 45 cases of fetal abnormalities were not abnormal by conventional G - banding chromosome karyotype analysis .
2 . The fetal sample genomic DNA was extracted from cord blood and amniotic fluid cells using a kit from the DNA extraction kit and the Puregene DNA extraction kit , respectively , and the concentration and purity of the DNA were measured using the NanoDrop spectrophotometer .
3 . The sample DNA was digested , ligated , amplified , purified , fragmented , labeled , hybridized with the chip and washed , stained , and scanned by the CytoScan HD chip ( function test more than 2.7 million biological markers , including 75 million SNPs probes and 195 million copy number probes ) provided by Affyside Corporation .
4 . The CHAS software matched with each other is used for the data analysis of the . celel file generated by the scanning chip .
5 . According to the international online public database ( DECIPHER , known genetic disease and disease - causing gene database OMIM , polymorphism variation database DGV , analysis of gene content and functional database UCSC Genome Browser and PUBMED in CNV ) and internal reference database of this lab ( including the database ISCA of Affyary chip platform database ) , the results of CHAS software analysis were compared and analyzed to determine the nature of CNV .
6 . For CNVs ( variants of unknown significant , VOUS ) that were clinically relevant , further parental sample testing was conducted to analyze the comprehensive family analysis and to identify the nature of CNV .
7 . The pathogenic CNV was verified using real - time fluorescence quantitative PCR ( RT - PCR ) .
III . Results
1 . CMA test was carried out successfully in all 45 cases with abnormal structure of urinary system . CMA results showed that the detection rate of benign CNVs was 82.2 % ( 37 / 45 ) , the detection rate of VOUS was 6.7 % ( 3 / 45 ) , and the detection rate of pathogenic CNVs was 11.1 % ( 5 / 45 ) .
2 . In 37 cases of benign variant CNVs , the CNVs of 5 fetuses were inherited from healthy parents . CMA results showed that there were 1q31 . 1 microdeletions , 10q11.21 microrepeats , 14q11.2 microdeletions , 14q32.33 microrepeats , 14q11.2 microdeletions , 14q32.33 microrepeats , and 16p11.2 microrepeats in the DGV database . The first newly found polymorphic CNV fragment has 2q32.1microrepeats , 10q11.22 microdeletions , 11q14.3 microrepeats , 15q13.1 microrepeats , and 16p13.11 microrepeats .
3.CMA鍦
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