【摘要】：目的呼吸方式的改變與顱頜面畸形存在著密切關系。本研究利用micro CT三維重建技術,評價生長發(fā)育期Wistar大鼠鼻腔阻塞對硬腭生長發(fā)育的影響。旨在為生長發(fā)育期鼻腔阻塞的青少年患者的矯治提供治療參考依據(jù)。材料與方法本研究選取SPF(specific pathogen free,無特定病原體)級四周齡的Wistar大鼠30只,雄性。實驗動物隨機分為三組:雙側鼻阻塞組(張口呼吸組)、單側鼻阻塞組(左側)、對照組(未給予任何處理),每組老鼠10只。三組給予相同的飼養(yǎng),同期行相同檢查和處理。因大鼠的生長發(fā)育期為三周齡至十周齡,因此實驗時間設定為49天,開始于大鼠三周齡,結束于大鼠十周齡。對所有老鼠進行稱重。同一操作者使用同一 micro CT 掃描機(Skyscan 1076:Skyscan,Antwerp,Belgium)將大鼠麻醉后固定于仰臥位進行頭頸部micro CT掃描獲得原始數(shù)據(jù),獲得的micro CT數(shù)據(jù)以醫(yī)學數(shù)字成像和通信(digital imaging and communications in medicine,DICOM)格式儲存。共獲取雙側鼻阻塞組數(shù)據(jù)、單側鼻阻塞組數(shù)據(jù)及對照組數(shù)據(jù)三組數(shù)據(jù)。利用micro CT自帶軟件CTAn分別測量各大鼠硬腭骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、硬腭骨體積(bone volume,BV)和硬腭表面積(bone surface,BS)。將DICOM格式的數(shù)據(jù)導入Mimics17.0軟件,確定圖像的三維坐標方向,調(diào)節(jié)對比度。選取合適的菲爾德單位(Hounsfield units,HU)分離重建顱頜面骨骼三維圖像,并分離出上頜骨三維圖像。在硬腭上建立一個冠狀觀的測量網(wǎng)格,網(wǎng)格共含18個點。垂直于矢狀面,分別經(jīng)過上頜第一磨牙、上頜第二磨牙、上頜第三磨牙的近中解剖接觸點創(chuàng)建3個測量水平(MLs),在這3個測量水平所對應的冠狀面上分別定點,每個平面定6個點左邊3個:左側腭骨最高點(LH),左側腭骨最低點(LL),左側近中縫最高點(LM);右邊3個:右側腭骨最高點(RH),右側腭骨最低點(RL),右側近中縫最高點(RM)。分別測量各點處骨的厚度。為了測量的可靠性,兩周后重復進行定點測量。使用SPSS19.0統(tǒng)計學軟件對各測量數(shù)據(jù)進行配對t檢驗。結果1.實驗組與對照組硬腭骨密度的比較雙側鼻阻塞組大鼠的平均硬腭骨密度為3.824±0.0008g/cm2,單側鼻阻塞組的平均硬腭骨密度3.906±0.0016 g/cm2,對照組大鼠的平均硬腭骨密度為3.905±0.0029 g/cm2。雙側鼻阻塞組大鼠的硬腭骨密度相較于單側鼻阻塞組和對照組大鼠的硬腭骨密度有明顯減少(P0.05)。而單側鼻阻塞組大鼠的硬腭骨密度與對照組大鼠的硬腭骨密度變化幅度較小,兩組數(shù)據(jù)之間的差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(p0.05)。2.實驗組與對照組腭骨厚度的比較雙側鼻阻塞組、單側鼻阻塞組、對照組的硬腭骨厚度測量值之間無顯著性差異的存在(P0.05)。在單個測量平面中,單側(左側或右側)顎骨厚度,兩邊較厚,中間相對較薄,即接近額中縫處、及接近牙齒處顎骨相對較厚。3.實驗組與對照組硬腭體積的比較雙側鼻阻塞組大鼠的平均硬腭體積為2150439.064±25419.23864 μm3,單側鼻阻塞組的平均硬腭體積為2451010.931 ±55305.99638 μm3,對照組大鼠的平均硬腭體積為2817135.950±21169.73211 μm3。雙側鼻阻塞組、單側鼻阻塞組、對照組的硬腭體積依次增大(P0.05)。4.實驗組與對照組硬腭表面積的比較雙側鼻阻塞組大鼠的平均硬腭表面積為513731.6679±6679.34973 μm2,單側鼻阻塞組的平均硬腭表面積為586816.7717±1216.05429 μm2,對照組大鼠的平均硬腭表面積為713360.1986± 17371.86358μm2。雙側鼻阻塞組、單側鼻阻塞組、對照組的硬腭表面積依次增大(P0.05)。5.實驗組與對照組大鼠體重的比較實驗前大鼠平均體重為76.4±7.54 g,其中雙側鼻阻塞組為76.6±7.45 g,單側鼻阻塞組為76.3 ±7.56 g,對照組為76.3 ±6.94g。實驗結束時雙側鼻阻塞組大鼠平均體重為169.6±7.08 g,單側鼻阻塞組為249.5±7.15 g,對照組為307.7±7.06 g。雙側鼻阻塞組、單側鼻阻塞組、對照組大鼠體重依次增大(P0.05)。結論在Wistar大鼠生長發(fā)育過程中,鼻阻塞會導致大鼠硬腭體積、表面積的減小及體重減輕,但對硬腭骨厚度的發(fā)育沒有明顯影響。在雙側鼻阻塞時,大鼠硬腭骨密度有下降趨勢。
[Abstract]:Objective To evaluate the effects of nasal obstruction on the growth and development of hard palate in growing Wistar rats by three-dimensional reconstruction of micro-CT. Thirty four-week-old Wistar rats of SPF (specific pathogen free) grade were randomly divided into three groups: bilateral nasal obstruction group (mouth-opening breathing group), unilateral nasal obstruction group (left side) and control group (without any treatment), with 10 rats in each group. All rats were weighed. The same operator used the same micro-CT scanner (Skyscan 1076: Skyscan, Antwerp, Belgium) to fix the rats in the supine position for head and neck MICR after anesthesia. The original data were obtained by o-CT scan, and the obtained micro-CT data were stored in the format of digital imaging and communication in medicine (DICOM). Bone mineral density (BMD), hard palate volume (BV) and hard palate surface area (BS). Direction of three-dimensional coordinates and contrast were determined by importing DICOM format data into Mimics 17.0 software. Appropriate Hounsfield units (HU) were selected to separate and reconstruct the three-dimensional skeleton images of craniomaxillofacial region. 3-D maxillary image. A coronal measurement grid was constructed on the hard palate with 18 points. Vertical to the sagittal plane, three measurement levels (MLs) were created by passing through the mesial anatomical contact points of the maxillary first molars, the maxillary second molars and the maxillary third molars, and each level was fixed on the coronal plane corresponding to the three measurement levels. Six points were fixed on the left side: the highest point of the left palate bone (LH), the lowest point of the left palate bone (LL), the highest point of the left near-middle suture (LM), the highest point of the right palate bone (RH), the lowest point of the right palate bone (RL) and the highest point of the right near-middle suture (RM). Results 1. Comparing the bone mineral density of hard palate between experimental group and control group, the average bone mineral density of hard palate in bilateral nasal obstruction group was 3.824.0008 g/cm 2, unilateral nasal obstruction group was 3.906.0016 g/cm 2 and control group was 3.905.0029 g/cm 2. Bone mineral density of hard palate in bilateral nasal obstruction group was significantly lower than that in unilateral nasal obstruction group and control group (P 0.05). Bone mineral density of hard palate in unilateral nasal obstruction group was smaller than that in control group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P 0.05). 2. There was no significant difference in the measurements of the thickness of the hard palate between the unilateral nasal obstruction group and the control group (P 0.05). 3. Comparing the hard palate volume between the experimental group and the control group, the average hard palate volume of the bilateral nasal obstruction group was 2150439.064 (+ 25419.23864 micron 3), the unilateral nasal obstruction group was 245110.931 (+ 55305.99638 micron 3), and the control group was 281735.950 (+ 21169.73211 micron 3). Comparing the hard palate surface area of the experimental group with that of the control group, the average hard palate surface area of the bilateral nasal obstruction group was 513 731.667 9 9 973 micron 2, the average hard palate surface area of the unilateral nasal obstruction group was 586 816.7717 (+ 1216.054 29 micron 2) and the control group was 713 360.1. The average body weight of the experimental group and the control group was 76.4+7.54 g, of which the bilateral nasal obstruction group was 76.6+7.45 g, the unilateral nasal obstruction group was 76.3+7.56 g, and the control group was 76.3+6.94 G. At the end of the test, the average body weight of rats in bilateral nasal obstruction group, unilateral nasal obstruction group and control group was 169.6 (+ 7.08 g), 249.5 (+ 7.15 g) and 307.7 (+ 7.06 g). The body weight of rats in bilateral nasal obstruction group, unilateral nasal obstruction group and control group increased in turn (P 0.05). Conclusion During the growth and development of Wistar rats, nasal obstruction can lead to the volume and surface area of the hard palate. The bone mineral density of the hard palate decreased with bilateral nasal obstruction.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R782

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