右美托咪定對(duì)單肺通氣所致肺損傷的保護(hù)作用研究
本文選題:單肺通氣 + 右美托咪定。 參考:《河南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文
【摘要】:背景 單肺通氣(one-lung ventilation, OLV)是現(xiàn)代胸外科手術(shù)麻醉中比較常用的呼吸管理方法,然而這種非生理性的通氣方式會(huì)引起急性肺損傷(acute lung injury, ALI)。在單肺通氣(OLV)過程中,患者開胸側(cè)肺臟完全萎陷,造成肺內(nèi)血液分流及通氣血流比值降低。同時(shí)低通氣狀態(tài)的時(shí)候可造成細(xì)胞的缺血和缺氧性的破壞與損傷,然而缺氧組織在恢復(fù)了血液供應(yīng)后卻有可能進(jìn)一步加劇細(xì)胞的損傷。炎性細(xì)胞因子、氧自由基和中性粒細(xì)胞相互作用在這個(gè)缺血再灌注損傷過程中扮演了十分重要的角色。肺不張時(shí)肺血管會(huì)發(fā)生缺氧性的反應(yīng)性收縮,而肺復(fù)張過程中,隨著氧氣通過氣道進(jìn)入終末肺組織,又可造成反應(yīng)性肺血管擴(kuò)張。進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致血管壁損傷大量的氧自由基被釋放進(jìn)入血液中。因?yàn)檠踝杂苫粋(gè)未成對(duì)電子的外層電子軌道基,它們的化學(xué)性質(zhì)非;顫姡坠艏(xì)胞內(nèi)的大分子物質(zhì)。在正常的生理情況下,體內(nèi)內(nèi)源性抗氧化系統(tǒng)能夠及時(shí)地清除生成過多的氧自由基。然而在病理?xiàng)l件下,由于活性氧自由基產(chǎn)生過多,不能被及時(shí)清除,平衡被打破,引發(fā)了劇烈的氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng),導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞功能障礙。再加上手術(shù)造成的機(jī)械刺激,會(huì)導(dǎo)致肺部的炎性反應(yīng),誘發(fā)或加重肺損傷。 多年來,大多數(shù)研究都集中于保護(hù)性肺通氣策略的研究,這對(duì)臨床單肺通氣技術(shù)的進(jìn)展有很大的貢獻(xiàn)。然而,目前對(duì)于單肺通氣造成肺部損傷的保護(hù)性藥物的研究較少。右美托咪錠(dexmedetomidine, DEX)為α受體激動(dòng)劑,它可以高選擇性地與α2受體結(jié)合,具有鎮(zhèn)靜、鎮(zhèn)痛、抗焦慮、抗炎性反應(yīng)和良好的交感神經(jīng)抑制作用。DEX最初是被作為鎮(zhèn)靜藥物使用,后逐漸被推廣用于麻醉輔助用藥。 本研究中,首先通過回顧性研究方法探討單肺通氣引起肺損傷時(shí)的氧自由基所介導(dǎo)的氧化應(yīng)激作用,進(jìn)而通過動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)前瞻性研究右美托咪定對(duì)單肺通氣引起的急性肺損傷的保護(hù)作用。 目的 研究在單肺通氣(one-lung ventilation,OLV)情況下,氧自由基介導(dǎo)的氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng),并通過動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)以評(píng)估單肺通氣時(shí)右美托咪定對(duì)肺損傷的保護(hù)性作用。 方法 1.臨床研究:在單肺通氣(OLV)情況下氧自由基所介導(dǎo)的氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)。 從2010年到2013年,調(diào)查了221名(非小細(xì)胞肺癌)患者研究單肺通氣引起肺損傷的發(fā)生機(jī)制。這221名患者被分成六組。A組,在非OLV條件下肺葉切除術(shù)組;B組,在OLV條件下全肺切除組;C、D、E在OLV條件下時(shí)長分別為60、90和120分鐘的肺葉切除術(shù)組;F為健康對(duì)照組。分別在術(shù)前、術(shù)中及術(shù)后抽取血液標(biāo)本。并測定血清丙二醛(MDA)含量。對(duì)MDA含量進(jìn)行組間和組內(nèi)分析。 2.動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn):將30只雄性新西蘭大白兔隨機(jī)選取10只作為假手術(shù)組(空白對(duì)照組),只進(jìn)行穿刺和插管并不進(jìn)行單肺通氣。另外兩組一組為單純的單肺通氣組,另外一組為單肺通氣加右美托咪定。通過檢測TNF-α、IL-6這兩種因子在三組實(shí)驗(yàn)中的差別估測右美托咪定對(duì)單肺通氣的保護(hù)作用。 結(jié)果 1.臨床研究結(jié)果 C-E組,即OLV肺葉切除術(shù)組的患者血清MDA水平明顯高于(P0.001)其他實(shí)驗(yàn)組,而且這一效應(yīng)一直持續(xù)至術(shù)后12小時(shí);颊咚a(chǎn)生的氧化應(yīng)激的反應(yīng)程度與其OLV的時(shí)長是相關(guān)的,,(EDC,P值均0.001)。行全肺切除術(shù)的B組因完全切除腫瘤細(xì)胞可能浸潤的肺組織后,患者血清MDA含量較A組更低(P0.001)。健康對(duì)照組(F組)的血清MDA平均值為1.28±0.6nmol/ml。肺癌患者的血清MDA的濃度介于5.85±4.1nmol/ml到5.90±3.8nmol/ml之間。統(tǒng)計(jì)分析結(jié)果顯示,F(xiàn)1與A1-G1比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.001),而A1-E1之間無顯著性差異。A,B組病例表明在開胸肺切除術(shù)MDA水平有明顯的升高。MDA增長的峰值出現(xiàn)在術(shù)中。對(duì)每組而言這種增長均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.001)。術(shù)后A組MDA水平呈逐漸下降的趨勢(A3-A8)。相反在B組,MDA下降卻很劇烈,從術(shù)前5.89±4.2nmol/ml到術(shù)中6.44±3.7nmol/ml(P0.001)再到術(shù)后1小時(shí)4.89±4.6nmol/ml(P0.001)。 結(jié)果表明單側(cè)肺通氣顯著加劇了氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)。 C-E組顯示了相同的趨勢。術(shù)前MDA水平輕度升高。比較A2-E2并沒有顯著性差異。但OLV結(jié)束后5分鐘內(nèi),MDA水平則上升了1倍還多。在C組,從單肺通氣期間6.43±3.5nmol/ml增至膨肺時(shí)的14.45±4.8nmol/ml(P0.001)。在D組,從6.43±4.3nmol/ml到15.5±4.1nmol/ml(P0.001)。在E組,從6.39±0.8nmol/ml到18.36±4.0nmol/ml(P0.001)。血清MDA升高水平與肺不張的持續(xù)時(shí)間相關(guān)。E3顯著高于D3(P0.001),D3顯著高于C3(P0.001)。單肺通氣的時(shí)間越長,氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)的也就越強(qiáng)烈。這一效應(yīng)可持續(xù)至術(shù)后1小時(shí)。 在所有各組中,氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)在術(shù)后6小時(shí)逐漸消退。全肺切除術(shù)的B組表現(xiàn)最為顯著(B4比C4-E4,P0.001)。此外,與F組比較發(fā)現(xiàn),惡性腫瘤本身也可誘發(fā)脂質(zhì)過氧化反應(yīng),觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)切除腫瘤后48小時(shí)內(nèi)MDA含量迅速下降(A1-E1比A8-E8P0.001)。這與是否采用單肺通氣無關(guān)。 2.動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果 通過免疫印跡檢測以及部分炎癥因子、組化結(jié)果,表明右美托咪定可以有效的對(duì)肺臟起到保護(hù)作用。 結(jié)論 1、單肺通氣會(huì)造成萎陷肺的組織病理損傷、以及肺炎癥反應(yīng)增加。 2、右美托咪定使大白兔實(shí)驗(yàn)組TNF-α、IL-6表達(dá)量減少,說明右美托咪定可以減少肺部炎癥反應(yīng),對(duì)單肺通氣時(shí)的缺血再灌注損傷有一定的保護(hù)作用。。 3、右美托咪定使大白兔實(shí)驗(yàn)組降低了機(jī)體氧化應(yīng)激程度,減輕了肺組織缺血再灌輸損傷,對(duì)肺組織起到了保護(hù)作用。
[Abstract]:Background
One - lung ventilation ( OLV ) is a commonly used respiratory management method in modern thoracic surgery anesthesia , but this non - physiologic ventilation can cause acute lung injury ( ALI ) . In the course of single lung ventilation ( OLV ) , the pulmonary blood flow and the ratio of ventilation and blood flow in the lung of the patient are reduced . At the same time , the oxygen free radicals can be destroyed and damaged during ischemia / reperfusion injury . However , in normal physiological condition , the endogenous antioxidant system can eliminate the excessive oxygen radicals in time .
For many years , most studies have focused on protective lung ventilation strategies , which contribute significantly to the development of clinical single - lung ventilation . However , the current study of protective drugs that cause lung injury to single - lung ventilation is less . dexlansoprazole ( DEX ) is an alpha - receptor agonist , which can be selectively combined with alpha2 receptors with sedation , analgesia , anti - anxiety , anti - inflammatory responses , and good sympathetic nerves . DEX is initially used as a sedative drug and is gradually extended to anesthesia - assisted medication .
In this study , the oxidative stress mediated by oxygen free radicals in lung injury induced by single lung ventilation was investigated by retrospective study .
Purpose
In the case of one - lung ventilation ( OLV ) , oxygen - free radical - mediated oxidative stress reaction was studied , and the protective effect on lung injury was assessed by animal experiments .
method
1 . Clinical study : Oxidative stress mediated by oxygen free radicals in the case of single lung ventilation ( OLV ) .
From 2010 to 2013 , 221 patients ( non - small cell lung cancer ) were investigated to investigate the mechanism of lung injury . 221 patients were divided into six groups .
group B , total lung resection group under OLV condition ;
C , D and E were 60 , 90 and 120 min respectively under OLV condition .
F was the healthy control group . Blood samples were taken from the blood samples before and after operation , and the content of MDA in serum was measured . The content of MDA was analyzed in the group and group .
2 . Animal experiment : 30 male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly selected as sham operation group ( blank control group ) , only puncture and intubation were performed without single lung ventilation .
Results
1 . Clinical Study Results
In group C - E , the level of serum MDA in patients with OLV was significantly higher than that in other experimental groups ( P 0.001 ) , and the effect lasted until 12 hours after operation . The degree of reaction of oxidative stress produced by patients was related to the duration of OLV , ( EDC , P = 0.001 ) . The level of MDA in patients with lung cancer was 5.85 鹵 4.1nmol / ml and 5.90 鹵 3.8nmol / ml .
The results showed that unilateral lung ventilation significantly increased the reaction of oxidative stress . There was no significant difference in MDA level in group C , from 6.43 鹵 3.5nmol / ml to 14.45 鹵 4.8nmol / ml ( P0.001 ) . In group D , the level of MDA increased from 6.43 鹵 4.3nmol / ml to 18.36 鹵 4.0nmol / ml ( P0.001 ) .
In all groups , the oxidative stress reaction gradually disappeared in 6 hours after operation , and the B group of total lung resection was the most significant ( B4 vs C4 - E4 , P0.001 ) . In addition , compared with group F , malignant tumor itself could induce lipid peroxidation , and the content of MDA decreased rapidly in 48 hours after resection of tumor ( A1 - E1 ratio A8 - E8P0.01 ) . This was not related to whether single lung ventilation was adopted .
2 . Animal experiment results
By Western blot and partial inflammatory factors , the results of the group showed that dexlansoprazole could effectively protect the lungs .
Conclusion
1 . The single - lung ventilation can cause pathological damage of the tissues of the lung and increase the inflammatory response of the lung .
2 . The amount of TNF - 偽 and IL - 6 in the experimental group of rabbits was decreased , and the expression of TNF - 偽 and IL - 6 in experimental group was decreased .
3 . The experimental group reduced the degree of oxidative stress in the experimental group of rabbits , alleviated the injury of lung tissue ischemia and reperfusion , and played a protective role in the lung tissue .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類號(hào)】:R614
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