超聲及CT氣道圖像與氣管、支氣管插管的研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-01-23 21:13
本文關(guān)鍵詞: 氣管 超聲 CT 氣管導(dǎo)管 出處:《蘇州大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文
【摘要】:目的: 通過超聲和CT圖像分析,以及氣管支氣管插管中導(dǎo)管使用的結(jié)果,得到超聲測量氣道的可行性,并指導(dǎo)臨床選擇合適的氣管及支氣管導(dǎo)管。 資料與方法: 第一部分: 隨機(jī)選擇蘇州大學(xué)附屬第二醫(yī)院胸科手術(shù)需行左側(cè)DLT插管患者50例為研究對象,記錄患者性別、年齡、體重、身高。采用便攜式二維超聲儀,超聲線陣探頭,頻率6-13MHz。測定頸部胸鎖關(guān)節(jié)點(diǎn)上1cm環(huán)狀軟骨環(huán)橫徑,即氣管橫徑(測量三次取平均值)。同時(shí)測定對應(yīng)患者胸部CT報(bào)告,測量與超聲測量相同部位氣管內(nèi)直徑及左支氣管起始處左側(cè)支氣管直徑。 所有研究對象全麻誘導(dǎo),面罩吸氧去氮肌松完全后經(jīng)明視插入雙腔管支氣管導(dǎo)管(男37F,女35F),然后以纖維支氣管鏡(FOB)檢查DLT是否到位,連接Drager primus麻醉機(jī),術(shù)中以丙泊酚靶控和七氟醚吸入復(fù)合維持麻醉。記錄左支氣管雙腔管型號(hào),插管成功率、雙腔管插管阻力及換管等異常情況,測定主囊、支氣管囊標(biāo)準(zhǔn)壓力(25mmHg)下的充氣量。 第二部分: 隨機(jī)選擇蘇州大學(xué)附屬第二醫(yī)院全麻患者100例,記錄患者性別、年齡、體重、身高。同第一部分超聲測量法測定并記錄100例患者氣管橫徑,男性患者選擇7.5F,女性患者7.0F號(hào)導(dǎo)管。統(tǒng)計(jì)氣管插管異常例數(shù)(如插管失敗,過大或過小需換管),統(tǒng)計(jì)氣道正壓通氣下氣道峰壓值異常(大于30cmH20)例數(shù)。記錄標(biāo)準(zhǔn)壓力(25mmHg)下氣囊充氣量。 結(jié)果: 第一部分: 1.50例患者,男性37例,女性13例,平均年齡50.08±17.43歲,體重62.46±10.01kg,身高167.26±7.99cm。男女年齡組間差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義P0.05,體重、身高組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,P 0.01。 2.全組患者平均CT氣管橫徑17.29±2.14mm,CT氣管矢狀徑20.32±3.74mm,CT左支氣管直徑13.11±1.90mm,超聲氣管橫徑18.90±2.20mm。全組患者比較CT氣管矢狀徑普遍大于橫徑,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,P 0.01;男女組間比較各項(xiàng)測量值差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,P 0.01。 3.全組患者身高與超聲測量氣管橫徑有高度相關(guān)性,r=0.58,有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,P 0.01。 4. CT氣管橫徑與超聲氣管橫徑高度相關(guān)r=0.83,P 0.01;CT氣管橫徑與左支氣管直徑具有高度相關(guān)性,r=0.61,P 0.01;超聲氣管橫徑與CT左支氣管直徑相關(guān)性r=0.65,P 0.01;CT氣管矢狀徑與CT氣管橫徑、左支氣管直徑和超聲氣管橫徑的相關(guān)系數(shù)分別是0.56,0.55和0.61,P 0.01。 5.超聲測量氣管橫徑與主囊容量相關(guān)系數(shù)最高,r=0.63,P 0.01;CT測量左支氣管直徑與支囊容量相關(guān)系數(shù)最高,r=0.55,P 0.01。 6.根據(jù)合適DLT判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)男性患者有17例DLT過細(xì),女性患者分別有1例過粗,1例過細(xì);颊逥LT過細(xì)者超聲測量橫徑與氣囊容量相關(guān)性顯示高度相關(guān),P0.01。與年齡、體重、身高相關(guān)性不大。 第二部分: 1.100例研究對象,男性40例,女性60例,平均年齡50.22±14.91歲,體重64.83±11.22kg,身高164.15±7.79cm。男女之間除年齡外、體重、身高差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,P0.01。 2.100例患者測量結(jié)果顯示男性病人超聲測量氣管橫徑平均值在19.82±1.39mm,,女性在15.48±1.09mm;男性氣囊容量平均值在8.07±1.79ml,女性在5.46±1.42ml。男女組間比較差異顯著,有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,P 0.01。 3.100例患者測量結(jié)果顯示年齡、身高、體重與超聲測量氣管橫徑均無明顯相關(guān)性。超聲測量氣管橫徑與氣囊容量相關(guān)系數(shù)男性r=0.58,P 0.01;女性r=0.47,P 0.01,均系明顯相關(guān)。相關(guān)系數(shù)女性低于男性,說明女性氣管相對于男性個(gè)體差異大。 4.根據(jù)設(shè)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)氣囊壓力25mmHg下女性7.0F充氣5ml,男性7.5F充氣8ml為導(dǎo)管選擇過細(xì)。本研究得出女性組35例、男性組17例氣管導(dǎo)管選擇過細(xì)。氣管導(dǎo)管選擇合適與過細(xì)之間超聲測量氣管橫徑差異顯著,有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,P 0.01。 結(jié)論: 第一部分成年胸科病人采用雙腔支氣管導(dǎo)管插管時(shí)(1)以性別決定DLT導(dǎo)管選擇(即男37F,女35F),在臨床應(yīng)用中存在過粗或過細(xì)的問題;(2)在頸部超聲測量的氣管橫徑、CT測量的氣管、支氣管徑線能較好地反映真實(shí)氣管及支氣管的狀況,并對DLT導(dǎo)管的選擇有一定參考價(jià)值,尤其是超聲的引入,將使導(dǎo)管選擇變得更加方便、易行。 第二部分為成年病人插入氣管導(dǎo)管時(shí),(1)在超聲下得到患者氣管橫徑顯示,男女間有較大差別;(2)超聲下得到的氣管橫徑與氣管插管后套囊容量均很好的相關(guān),也說明超聲得到的數(shù)據(jù)對氣管導(dǎo)管的選擇有一定價(jià)值;(3)成年男性選擇7.5F、女性7.0F氣管導(dǎo)管在實(shí)際臨床工作中可能偏細(xì)。
[Abstract]:Objective:
Through ultrasound and CT image analysis, and the results of catheter in tracheobronchial tube, we can get the feasibility of ultrasonic measurement of airway and guide the clinical selection of suitable tracheal and bronchial catheter.
Information and methods:
Part one:
The Second Hospital Affiliated to Suzhou University of thoracic surgery were randomly selected for the left DLT intubation in 50 patients as the research object, to record the sex, age, weight and height. Use portable ultrasound, ultrasonic linear array probe, frequency 6-13MHz. determination of neck of sternoclavicular joint cartilage on 1cm ring ring transverse diameter, transverse diameter (i.e. trachea was measured three times average simultaneous determination of corresponding values). Patients with chest CT report, measurement and ultrasonic measurement of the same part of tracheal diameter on the left side and left bronchus at bronchial diameter.
All of the subjects during induction of anesthesia and muscle relaxation, oxygen mask to nitrogen completely after the insertion of double lumen endobronchial tube photopic (male 37F, female 35F), and then by fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) to check whether DLT in place, connect the Drager Primus anesthesia machine during operation, to propofol and seven isoflurane inhalation compound anesthesia. Record the left bronchial double lumen tube type, the success rate of intubation, intubation of double lumen tube resistance and heat exchange tubes and other anomalies, determination of main bronchial cyst, cystic standard pressure (25mmHg) under aeration.
The second part:
The Second Hospital Affiliated to Suzhou University were randomly selected patients with general anesthesia in 100 cases, record the sex, age, weight, height and determination. The same as the first part of ultrasonic measurement records in 100 cases of patients with tracheal diameter, male patients with 7.5F, 7.0F, female patients with tracheal intubation catheter. Statistics abnormal case number (such as the failure of intubation is too large or too small for the tube Statistics), positive airway pressure under abnormal airway pressure (more than 30cmH20). The number of cases recorded standard pressure (25mmHg) under the air volume.
Result錛
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