【摘要】：目的了解入園兒童接種乙型肝炎(乙肝)、脊髓灰質(zhì)炎(脊灰)、百日咳、白喉、破傷風(fēng)疫苗(以下簡(jiǎn)稱"五防"疫苗)后抗體陽(yáng)性率與疫苗"首針及時(shí)接種率、全程接種率、全程及時(shí)接種率"的吻合程度,評(píng)價(jià)兒童預(yù)防接種效果和免疫狀況。方法選取2015年新建縣長(zhǎng)X地區(qū)新近入園的948例兒童作為研究對(duì)象,利用間接ELISA法檢測(cè)血清標(biāo)本中抗體陽(yáng)性水平,通過查驗(yàn)兒童預(yù)防接種證收集預(yù)防接種信息,并進(jìn)行比較分析。結(jié)果 948例入園兒童中,脊灰、百日咳、白喉、破傷風(fēng)抗體陽(yáng)性率均超過90%,乙肝抗體陽(yáng)性率低于65%。除城鎮(zhèn)兒童白喉、破傷風(fēng)抗體陽(yáng)性率顯著高于農(nóng)村(P0.05)外,性別、戶籍、居住地對(duì)"五防"疫苗的抗體陽(yáng)性率影響不大(P0.05)。全程接種乙肝、百白破三聯(lián)疫苗的入園兒童乙肝、白喉、破傷風(fēng)Ig G抗體陽(yáng)性率顯著高于未全程接種者(P0.05)。首針、全程是否及時(shí)接種"五防"疫苗對(duì)入園兒童這5種Ig G抗體陽(yáng)性率的影響不大(P0.05)。結(jié)論 948例入園兒童脊灰、百日咳、白喉、破傷風(fēng)免疫效果較好,而乙肝抗體陽(yáng)性率相比較低。全程接種率相比首針及時(shí)接種率和全程及時(shí)接種率對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)兒童乙肝、白喉、破傷風(fēng)疫苗免疫效果更有意義,值得關(guān)注并推廣。
[Abstract]:Objective to understand the positive rate of antibody against hepatitis B, poliomyelitis, pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus vaccine and the first vaccination rate of the vaccine, and the whole course vaccination rate after vaccination of children in the garden with hepatitis B (HBV), poliomyelitis (polio), pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus (hereinafter referred to as "five prevention" vaccines). To evaluate the effect of vaccination and the immune status of children by the degree of coincidence of the whole course and timely vaccination rate. Methods A total of 948 children newly admitted to the garden in Xinjian County in 2015 were selected as the subjects. The antibody positive level in serum samples was detected by indirect ELISA method, and the vaccination information was collected through the examination of children's vaccination certificate, and the results were compared and analyzed. Results the positive rates of poliomyelitis, pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus antibody were more than 90% in 948 children. The positive rate of hepatitis B antibody was lower than 65%. Except for diphtheria in urban children, the positive rate of tetanus antibody was significantly higher than that in rural areas (P0.05). Gender, household registration and residence had little effect on the antibody positive rate of "five prevention" vaccine (P0.05). The positive rates of hepatitis B, diphtheria and tetanus Ig G antibody were significantly higher in the whole course of vaccination than in the non-vaccinated children (P0.05). For the first time, there was little effect on the positive rate of Ig-G antibody in the whole course of vaccination with "five-prevention" vaccine (P0.05). Conclusion 948 children with poliomyelitis, pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus have better immune effect, but the positive rate of hepatitis B antibody is lower. The full-course vaccination rate is more significant than the first vaccination rate and the full-length timely vaccination rate in evaluating the immune effect of hepatitis B, diphtheria and tetanus vaccine in children. It is worth paying attention to and popularizing.
【作者單位】： 南昌大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院免疫學(xué)教研室;南昌市新建區(qū)疾病預(yù)防控制中心;南昌市新建區(qū)婦幼保健院;
【基金】：江西省衛(wèi)生計(jì)生委科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):20166048)
【分類號(hào)】：R186

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