【摘要】：目的1、掌握三峽壩區(qū)主要病媒生物種群消長趨勢,全面分析三峽水庫蓄水和三峽工程建設對壩區(qū)病媒生物的影響。2、分析病媒生物相關疾病在動物宿主和人群中流行情況,對壩區(qū)病媒生物相關疾病流行趨勢做出預測。3、評價三峽工程對壩區(qū)病媒生物相關疾病流行的影響,提出今后壩區(qū)病媒生物相關疾病防治重點和措施。 方法1、隨機抽取壩區(qū)茅坪鎮(zhèn)、太平溪鎮(zhèn)、三斗坪鎮(zhèn)和樂天溪鎮(zhèn)作為調查點。采用夾夜法捕鼠,采用吸蚊器捕捉蚊蟲。2、實驗室檢測采用直接免疫熒光法檢測鼠類流行性出血熱抗原;采用間接免疫熒光法檢測鼠類流行性出血熱抗體;采用Korthof培養(yǎng)基進行鼠腎培養(yǎng)以檢測鉤端螺旋體感染;采用直接鏡檢法檢測溪蟹并殖吸蟲囊蚴感染;采用酶聯免疫吸附試驗檢測人血清流行性出血熱和并殖吸蟲IgG抗體;采用顯微凝集試驗檢測人血清鉤端螺旋體感染。3、采用Office 2003軟件系統(tǒng)中的Excel建立數據庫,采用SPSS13.0完成統(tǒng)計分析。 結果1、2006年-2008年三峽壩區(qū)鼠密度變化呈倒“V”型,2007年9月份達到最高峰;壩區(qū)上游鼠密度高于壩區(qū)下游鼠密度;室內鼠密度(9.82%-17.33%)遠高于室外鼠密度(1.42%-5.96%);室內以黃毛鼠和小家鼠為主要鼠種,室外以黑線姬鼠和褐家鼠為主要鼠種。溪蟹密度呈逐年下降趨勢,以興山華溪蟹和鋸齒華溪蟹為優(yōu)勢蟹種。2007年壩區(qū)蚊蟲密度較2006年有所升高,主要蚊種是致倦庫蚊和騷擾阿蚊,中華按蚊只占捕蚊總數的0.55%。2、2006年-2008年壩區(qū)鼠類流行性出血熱抗原、抗體陽性率呈逐步上升趨勢,各鼠種感染無明顯差異;人群流行性出血熱隱性感染率為1.82%,壩區(qū)上游高于壩區(qū)下游,學生感染率最高。3、2006年-2008年壩區(qū)鼠類鉤端螺旋體感染率無明顯變化(18.13%-21.77%),室外鼠類感染率高于室內鼠類,以黑線姬鼠感染率最高;2007年壩區(qū)人群鉤端螺旋體感染率高于2006年壩區(qū)人群感染率,壩區(qū)上游人群隱性感染率高于壩區(qū)下游,壩區(qū)人群主要感染鉤端螺旋體血清型是黃疸出血群,農民感染率最高。4、壩區(qū)溪蟹并殖吸蟲囊蚴感染率以2006年最高,感染率最高的蟹種是若水小石蟹;2007人群并殖吸蟲隱性感染率明顯高于2006年,壩區(qū)上游高于壩區(qū)下游,以學生的感染率最高。 結論1、由于三峽工程的施工和水庫的蓄水,壩區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境和社會經濟發(fā)生了重大的變化,對鼠類、溪蟹等病媒生物的生存環(huán)境產生了重大影響,導致其種群結構和密度在短期內發(fā)生較大的變化。2、鼠密度特別是室內鼠密度的上升,鼠類流行性出血熱感染率逐年上升,壩區(qū)人群流行性出血熱免疫力仍處于相對較低水平,壩區(qū)流行性出血熱發(fā)生流行性出血熱流行或爆發(fā)的危險性增大。3、壩區(qū)鼠類鉤端螺旋體感染率處于相對較高水平,人群隱性感染率較低,但2007年人群感染率高于2006年人群感染率,說明人群與動物宿主接觸增加。綜上所述,壩區(qū)人群發(fā)生鉤端螺旋體病流行的危險性加大,做好室外工作人群的個人防護,提高壩區(qū)人群免疫力水平是預防其流行的有效措施。4、壩區(qū)溪蟹密度連年下降,溪蟹并殖吸蟲囊蚴感染率處于較低水平,但壩區(qū)人群隱性感染率有所上升,說明人群與動物宿主接觸率增加。綜上所述,并殖吸蟲在近期發(fā)生流行或爆發(fā)的可能性較低,但應當加強并殖吸蟲病防治知識的宣傳,培養(yǎng)壩區(qū)群眾良好的生活習慣,提高易感人群的免疫力,以確保壩區(qū)人民健康。
[Abstract]:Objective To study the effect of the three gorges reservoir water storage and the construction of the Three Gorges Reservoir on the vector biology of the dam region, and to analyze the epidemic situation of the disease vector biological related diseases in the host and the population of the Three Gorges Reservoir. 3. To evaluate the effect of the Three Gorges Project on the epidemic of vector-related diseases in the dam area, and to put forward the focus and measures of the disease vector-related diseases in the future. Method 1: Take a random sample of the town of Simaoping Town, Tai Ping-xi Town, Sandooping Town and Letian Creek Town in the dam area. check point. The mouse was caught by the night method, and the mosquito was captured by the mosquito-sucking device. 2. The detection of the mouse epidemic hemorrhagic fever antigen was detected by the direct immunofluorescence method. The epidemic hemorrhagic fever with the mouse was detected by indirect immunofluorescence. Keywords antibody; rat kidney culture with Korthof culture medium to detect the infection of leptospirosis; use direct microscopic examination to detect the infection of the cyparagonimus paragonimus; and use the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect the human serum epidemic hemorrhagic fever and Paragonimiasis IgG. antibody; human serum leptospirosis infection by microagglutination test; 3, using Excel in Office 2003 software system to establish database, and using SPSS13.0 to complete the statistics Analysis. Results 1, 2006-2008 Three Gorges Dam Area Rat density change The density of the upper reaches of the dam area is higher than that in the downstream of the dam area. The density of the indoor mice (9.82% -173.33%) is much higher than that of the outdoor mouse (1.42% -5.96%); the indoor rats are the main mouse species, and the outdoor takes the Apodemus agrarius and the Rattus norvegicus. In 2007, the density of mosquitoes in the dam area increased year by year. The density of mosquitoes in the dam area in 2007 was higher than that in 2006. The main mosquito species were Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus. The total number of mosquitoes in the area of Anopheles sinensis was only 0.55% of the total number of mosquito-catching mosquitoes. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of hemorrhagic fever with the positive rate of the antibody. The recessive infection rate of the epidemic hemorrhagic fever in the population was 1.82%, the upstream of the dam area was higher than the downstream of the dam area, and the infection rate of the students was the highest. 3. The infection rate of the leptospirosis in the dam area in the dam area in the period from 2006 to 2008 was not significantly changed (18. 13% -21). (77%), the infection rate of the outdoor mice was higher than that in the indoor rats, and the infection rate of the Apodemus agrarius was the highest; the infection rate of the leptospirosis in the population in the dam area in 2007 was higher than that of the population in the dam area in 2006, and the recessive infection rate of the population in the upstream of the dam area was high. In the downstream of the dam area, the main infection of the leptospirosis of the population in the dam area is the hemorrhagic group of yellow and yellow, the infection rate of the peasants is the highest. 4. The infection rate of the crab in the dam area is the highest in 2006, and the highest rate of the crab is the small stone crab in the water. The recessive infection rate of the Paragonimus paragonimus in 2007 is significantly higher than that of the second group. In 2006, the upstream of the dam area is higher than the downstream of the dam area, with the students Conclusion 1. Because of the construction of the Three Gorges Project and the impoundment of the reservoir, the ecological environment and the social economy of the dam area have changed greatly, which have a great influence on the living environment of the vector organisms such as the mouse and the river crab, leading to the short-term development of its population structure and density. the incidence of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in the dam region is still relatively low, and the epidemic hemorrhagic fever in the dam region is in the epidemic or the outbreak of epidemic hemorrhagic fever 3. The infection rate of the leptospirosis of the rat in the dam area is at a relatively high level, the recessive infection rate of the population is lower, but the infection rate of the population in 2007 is higher than that of the population in 2006, indicating the population and the population. In conclusion, the risk of the epidemic of leptospirosis in the population of the dam area is increased, the personal protection of the outdoor working population is well done, and the immunity level of the population in the dam area is an effective measure to prevent the epidemic. The density of the river crab was decreased in a year, and the infection rate of the cloacagonimiasis in the river crab was lower, but the recessive infection rate of the population in the dam area increased, indicating the population and the movement. in conclusion, that possibility of the paragonimus in the recent epidemic or explosion is low, but the propaganda of the disease prevention and control knowledge of the paragonimiasis should be strengthened, the good living habits of the people in the dam area should be cultivated, and the immunity of the human-sensitive people can be improved,
【學位授予單位】：華中科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：R184

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