【摘要】： 登革熱或登革出血熱是由蚊蟲(chóng)傳播的一種嚴(yán)重危害人類(lèi)健康的急性傳染病,20世紀(jì),登革熱在世界各地發(fā)生過(guò)多次大流行,病例數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)。本論文圍繞登革熱的傳播媒介---白紋伊蚊孕蚊種群監(jiān)測(cè)和控制進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的研究,并成功研制出一種針對(duì)白紋伊蚊等容器孳生型蚊蟲(chóng)種群監(jiān)測(cè)的新型孕蚊粘捕器,彌補(bǔ)了目前我國(guó)白紋伊蚊監(jiān)測(cè)方法中的不足,提高了白紋伊蚊的監(jiān)測(cè)水平,為科學(xué)預(yù)測(cè)我國(guó)登革熱疫情的流行趨勢(shì)及有效控制登革熱疫情提供了一定的基礎(chǔ)。同時(shí),為進(jìn)一步提高孕蚊粘捕器的監(jiān)測(cè)效果,對(duì)白紋伊蚊的產(chǎn)卵習(xí)性、不同浸液的產(chǎn)卵引誘力以及利用硫酸銅控制蚊幼蟲(chóng)的新方法等進(jìn)行了研究,并就孕蚊粘捕器應(yīng)用于白紋伊蚊等容器孳生型蚊蟲(chóng)的控制進(jìn)行了有益的探索。本論文主要研究結(jié)果如下: 1.孕蚊粘捕法應(yīng)用于白紋伊蚊種群監(jiān)測(cè)的研究 應(yīng)用新設(shè)計(jì)的孕蚊粘捕器和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誘卵器進(jìn)行的配對(duì)比較試驗(yàn)中,在孕蚊粘捕器所捕獲的蚊蟲(chóng)中,白紋伊蚊占89.87%,為優(yōu)勢(shì)蚊種,致倦庫(kù)蚊或淡色庫(kù)蚊占8.87%,三帶喙庫(kù)蚊/偽雜麟庫(kù)蚊、二帶喙庫(kù)蚊等占0.82%,由于主要形態(tài)鑒別特征無(wú)法識(shí)別而不能鑒定的蚊種占0.44%,蚊種構(gòu)成存在顯著差異;雌蚊占62.37%,雄蚊占21.58%;在解剖鏡下觀察,白紋伊蚊雌蚊清晰可見(jiàn)率為63.97%;在所粘捕的蚊蟲(chóng)中,96.46%的蚊蟲(chóng)的足跗節(jié)被粘著,蚊蟲(chóng)不同部位的粘附率之間存在顯著的差異;86.67%的蚊蟲(chóng)被粘附在膠帶的下部,不同粘膠部位蚊蟲(chóng)的粘附率存在顯著差異;孕蚊粘捕法和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誘卵器法測(cè)得的白紋伊蚊密度存在明顯的正相關(guān),兩種監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果顯示的白紋伊蚊種群密度消長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)一致。在進(jìn)行的孕蚊粘捕法、誘卵法、幼蟲(chóng)定量計(jì)數(shù)法和人誘法比較試驗(yàn)中,孕蚊粘捕器的平均粘捕雌蚊數(shù)、誘卵器的平均誘集卵數(shù)和人誘法的平均成蚊數(shù)兩兩之間存在顯著的直線相關(guān)關(guān)系。 2.不同植物浸液對(duì)白紋伊蚊產(chǎn)卵行為的影響 在室內(nèi)誘卵法試驗(yàn)中,有絆根草浸液的誘卵杯中誘集的平均卵數(shù)為68.87,而有自來(lái)水的誘卵杯中誘集的平均卵數(shù)為23.99,兩者間存在顯著的差異;在室內(nèi)粘捕法試驗(yàn)中,有絆根草浸液的誘蚊杯中粘捕平均雌蚊數(shù)為7.62,而有自來(lái)水的誘蚊杯中粘捕的平均雌蚊數(shù)為2.66,兩者間存在顯著的差異。在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)中,有絆根草浸液的孕蚊粘捕器中粘捕平均雌蚊數(shù)為5.88,而有自來(lái)水的孕蚊粘捕器中粘捕平均雌蚊數(shù)4.79,兩者間差異不顯著;有絆根草浸液的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誘卵器中現(xiàn)場(chǎng)誘集的平均卵數(shù)為670.95,而有自來(lái)水的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誘卵器中誘集的平均卵數(shù)為386.22,兩者間存在顯著的差異。現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)中樟樹(shù)葉、黃楊葉、狗尾草、絆根草、玉蘭葉和竹葉等不同植物浸液和自來(lái)水對(duì)照沒(méi)有顯著的差異。 3.白紋伊蚊產(chǎn)卵節(jié)律的研究 白紋伊蚊的生殖營(yíng)養(yǎng)周期平均為4.22天,吸血后3-4天,孕蚊卵巢發(fā)育成熟并開(kāi)始產(chǎn)卵。室內(nèi)觀察白紋伊蚊產(chǎn)卵節(jié)律:雌蚊吸血后前2天未發(fā)現(xiàn)有蚊蟲(chóng)產(chǎn)卵,第3天的產(chǎn)卵量占總產(chǎn)卵量的8.22%;第4天的產(chǎn)卵量占總產(chǎn)卵量的56.41%;產(chǎn)卵高峰期出現(xiàn)在第4天,之后開(kāi)始明顯下降,第5天的產(chǎn)卵量占總產(chǎn)卵量的20.51%,第6天的產(chǎn)卵量占總產(chǎn)卵量的6.85%,至第10天仍有少數(shù)蚊蟲(chóng)產(chǎn)卵;白紋伊蚊的產(chǎn)卵活動(dòng)具有明顯的白晝性特點(diǎn),白天的產(chǎn)卵量占總產(chǎn)卵量的91.90%,夜晚的產(chǎn)卵量?jī)H占總產(chǎn)卵量的8.10%。現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀察其產(chǎn)卵節(jié)律:產(chǎn)卵高峰期出現(xiàn)在午后至傍晚的一段時(shí)間內(nèi),白天12:00-15:00,產(chǎn)卵量占全天總產(chǎn)卵量的32.51%;白天15:00-18:00,產(chǎn)卵量占全天總產(chǎn)卵量的24.95%;白天18:00-20:00,產(chǎn)卵量占全天總產(chǎn)卵量的31.86%。 4.白紋伊蚊分散產(chǎn)卵行為研究 在進(jìn)行的白紋伊蚊孕蚊產(chǎn)卵時(shí)間分散性研究中發(fā)現(xiàn):白紋伊蚊完成產(chǎn)卵的時(shí)間比較短,55.56%的孕蚊只需1天完成產(chǎn)卵,24.69%的孕蚊需要2天完成產(chǎn)卵,80%以上的孕蚊在1-2天內(nèi)即完成產(chǎn)卵,也有極少數(shù)孕蚊需要6-7天才能完成產(chǎn)卵。設(shè)置梯度時(shí)間檢查孕蚊產(chǎn)卵次數(shù)分布特征發(fā)現(xiàn):24h檢查一次,則有56.47%的孕蚊只需1次完成產(chǎn)卵,40.00%的孕蚊需2～3次完成產(chǎn)卵;3h檢查一次,則34.20%的孕蚊只需1次完成產(chǎn)卵,42.11%的孕蚊2次完成產(chǎn)卵,少數(shù)孕蚊需要3-5次才能完成產(chǎn)卵。應(yīng)用不同類(lèi)型的產(chǎn)卵載體進(jìn)行的白紋伊蚊空間分散產(chǎn)卵性研究發(fā)現(xiàn):在產(chǎn)卵杯中全部為自來(lái)水的試驗(yàn)中,白紋伊蚊平均產(chǎn)卵杯數(shù)為3.66±0.19,每個(gè)產(chǎn)卵杯的平均產(chǎn)卵量百分率均低于25%;在幼蟲(chóng)飼養(yǎng)水存在的情況下,白紋伊蚊平均產(chǎn)卵杯數(shù)為4.18±0.19,有幼蟲(chóng)飼養(yǎng)水的產(chǎn)卵杯中誘集的產(chǎn)卵量占總產(chǎn)卵量的30.49±3.62%,明顯多于其它有自來(lái)水的產(chǎn)卵杯中誘集的卵數(shù);在有紅布條存在的情況下,白紋伊蚊平均產(chǎn)卵杯數(shù)為3.05±0.23,在有紅布條的產(chǎn)卵杯中誘集的產(chǎn)卵量占總產(chǎn)卵量的44.78±5.17%,明顯多于其它有自來(lái)水的產(chǎn)卵杯所誘集的卵數(shù);在有幼蟲(chóng)飼養(yǎng)水和紅布條共同存在的情況下,白紋伊蚊的平均產(chǎn)卵杯數(shù)為2.03±0.12,在有幼蟲(chóng)飼養(yǎng)水和紅布條的產(chǎn)卵杯中誘集的產(chǎn)卵量占總產(chǎn)卵量的75.95±3.14%,顯著高于其它有自來(lái)水的產(chǎn)卵杯所誘集的卵數(shù)。 5.金屬銅或硫酸銅溶液應(yīng)用于白紋伊蚊幼蟲(chóng)控制的研究 在觀察不同劑量金屬銅浸泡不同時(shí)間的溶液對(duì)蚊幼蟲(chóng)或卵發(fā)育影響的試驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn):銅離子對(duì)白紋伊蚊的幼蟲(chóng)發(fā)育產(chǎn)生明顯的影響;在10g/L劑量金屬銅溶液中,浸泡30天后,在放入蚊幼蟲(chóng)的前5天期間,幼蟲(chóng)發(fā)育延遲,一直維持在Ⅰ-Ⅱ齡階段;而對(duì)照組中,第2天90%以上的幼蟲(chóng)發(fā)育至Ⅲ至Ⅳ齡階段。不同劑量的金屬銅溶液對(duì)白紋伊蚊幼蟲(chóng)均有一定的致死作用,劑量越高致死作用越明顯。在40g/L劑量金屬銅溶液中,浸泡至50天,放入蚊蟲(chóng)后的第1天,白紋伊蚊幼蟲(chóng)即全部死亡。銅離子對(duì)白紋伊蚊的卵發(fā)育也有一定的影響;金屬銅浸泡10天后,在10 mg/L劑量金屬銅溶液中,30%卵粒孵化,在20 mg/L劑量金屬銅溶液中37%卵粒孵化,在40 mg/L劑量金屬銅溶液中86%卵粒孵化,而對(duì)照組則有99%卵粒孵化。在進(jìn)行的硫酸銅溶液對(duì)白紋伊蚊蚊幼蟲(chóng)或卵發(fā)育影響的試驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn):高濃度的硫酸銅溶液對(duì)卵粒的孵化產(chǎn)生了顯著的影響;在1 mg/L硫酸銅溶液中,加入卵粒后,第3天白紋伊蚊卵粒開(kāi)始孵化,此后孵出的蚊幼蟲(chóng)不斷增多,而在10 mg/L和100 mg/L的硫酸銅溶液中,未見(jiàn)白紋伊蚊卵粒孵化。高濃度的硫酸銅溶液對(duì)白紋伊蚊幼蟲(chóng)發(fā)育具有明顯的抑制作用;1 mg/L、10 mg/L和100 mg/L的硫酸銅溶液對(duì)Ⅰ至Ⅱ齡白紋伊蚊幼蟲(chóng)有強(qiáng)烈的致死作用,蚊幼蟲(chóng)24h后死亡率為100%;對(duì)Ⅲ至Ⅳ齡白紋伊蚊幼蟲(chóng)也具有明顯的致死作用,隨著濃度的增加,致死作用逐漸增強(qiáng);在100 mg/L的硫酸銅溶液中,至第3天,溶液中的白紋伊蚊幼蟲(chóng)全部死亡。在進(jìn)行的硫酸銅溶液控制蚊幼蟲(chóng)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn):放置一周后,所有盛有自來(lái)水的容器內(nèi)全部孳生有白紋伊蚊幼蟲(chóng)或蛹,而在100mg/L硫酸銅溶液的容器中,前5周均未發(fā)現(xiàn)蚊幼蟲(chóng)孳生,至第7周始,孳生蚊幼蟲(chóng)的陽(yáng)性桶數(shù)才不斷增加,硫酸銅溶液控制蚊幼蟲(chóng)的效果隨著時(shí)間的持續(xù)而下降。
[Abstract]:Dengue fever or dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is an acute infectious disease transmitted by mosquitoes, which seriously endangers human health. In the 20th century, many epidemics of dengue fever occurred all over the world, with millions of cases. A new type of pregnant mosquito catcher was developed to monitor the mosquito population in containers such as Aedes albopictus, which made up for the shortcomings of the current monitoring methods of Aedes albopictus in China, improved the monitoring level of Aedes albopictus, and provided a basis for scientific prediction of the epidemic trend of dengue fever and effective control of dengue fever in China. To further improve the monitoring effect of pregnant mosquito catcher, the oviposition habits of Aedes albopictus, the oviposition attraction of different extracts and the new method of controlling mosquito larvae with copper sulfate were studied. The application of pregnant mosquito catcher to control container-borne mosquitoes such as Aedes albopictus was also explored. The fruit is as follows:
Application of 1. sticky capture method to population surveillance of Aedes albopictus
Among the mosquitoes caught by the new designed pregnant mosquito catcher and standard ovipositor, Aedes albopictus accounted for 89.87%, was the dominant mosquito species, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus or Culex pipiens pallens accounted for 8.87%, Culex tritaeniorhynchus/Culex pseudomonas, Culex pipiens bicuspipiens and so on accounted for 0.82%, which could not be identified because of the main morphological characteristics. The female mosquitoes accounted for 62.37%, and the male mosquitoes accounted for 21.58%. The female mosquitoes of Aedes albopictus had a clear visibility rate of 63.97% under the anatomical microscope. Among the mosquitoes caught, 96.46% of the mosquitoes had foot-and-tarsal joints adhered and 86.67% of the mosquitoes were adhered to different parts of the mosquito. The density of Aedes albopictus was positively correlated with that of pregnant mosquito and standard ovipositor. The trend of population density of Aedes albopictus was the same as that of pregnant mosquito, oviposition and larval quantitative counting. There was a significant linear correlation between the average number of female mosquitoes caught by pregnant mosquito traps, the average number of eggs trapped by pregnant mosquito traps and the average number of adult mosquitoes trapped by human traps.
2. effects of different plant extracts on egg laying behavior of Aedes albopictus
In the indoor experiment, the average number of eggs trapped in the cup with root-stumbling grass extract was 68.87, while in the cup with tap water the average number of eggs trapped in the cup was 23.99. There was a significant difference between the two methods. In the indoor experiment, the average number of female mosquitoes trapped in the cup with root-stumbling grass extract was 7.62, while that in the cup with tap water was 7.62. The average number of female mosquitoes caught by sticking trap was 2.66, and there was a significant difference between the two. In the field experiment, the average number of female mosquitoes caught by sticking trap with Rhizoma stumps extract was 5.88, while the average number of female mosquitoes caught by sticking trap with tap water was 4.79. The average number of eggs was 670.95, while the average number of eggs trapped in the standard ovipositor with tap water was 386.22. There was no significant difference between the two groups.
3. study on the oviposition rhythm of Aedes albopictus
The reproductive and nutritional cycle of Aedes albopictus averaged 4.22 days, and the ovaries of pregnant mosquitoes matured and began to lay eggs 3-4 days after blood sucking. The number of eggs laid on the 5th day accounted for 20.51% of the total oviposition, 6.85% of the total oviposition on the 6th day, and a few mosquitoes still laid eggs on the 10th day. 8.10%. The oviposition rhythm was observed on the spot: the oviposition peak appeared from afternoon to evening, and the oviposition amount accounted for 32.51% of the total oviposition amount in the day from 12:00 to 15:00 in the day; the oviposition amount accounted for 24.95% of the total oviposition amount in the day from 15:00 to 18:00 in the day; and the oviposition amount accounted for 31.86% of the total oviposition amount in the day from 18:00 to 20:00 in the day.
4. dispersal spawning behavior of Aedes albopictus
In the study of spawning time dispersion of Aedes albopictus, 55.56% of pregnant mosquitoes needed only one day to complete spawning, 24.69% of pregnant mosquitoes needed two days to complete spawning, 80% of pregnant mosquitoes completed spawning within 1-2 days, and a few pregnant mosquitoes needed 6-7 days to complete spawning. The results showed that 56.47% of the pregnant mosquitoes needed only one oviposition at 24 hours, 40.00% of the pregnant mosquitoes needed two to three ovipositions, 34.20% of the pregnant mosquitoes only needed one oviposition at 3 hours, 42.11% of the pregnant mosquitoes needed two ovipositions, and a few needed three to five ovipositions. Spatial dispersal oviposition of Aedes albopictus using oviposition vectors showed that the average oviposition cup number of Aedes albopictus was 3.66 65507 The oviposition cup of feeding water accounted for 30.49 (+ 3.62%) of the total oviposition, which was significantly higher than that of other tap water. The average oviposition cup of Aedes albopictus was 3.05 (+ 0.23) in the presence of red cloth stripes, and 44.78 (+ 5.17%) in the oviposition cup with red cloth stripes. The average oviposition cup number of Aedes albopictus was 2.03 The number of eggs trapped by cups.
Application of 5. copper or copper sulphate solution to control Aedes albopictus larvae
The effects of different doses of copper on the larval or egg development of Aedes albopictus were observed. The results showed that copper ions had a significant effect on the larval development of Aedes albopictus. The larval development of Aedes albopictus was delayed during the first 5 days after being immersed in 10 g/L copper solution for 30 days and maintained at the stage I-II. In the control group, more than 90% of the larvae developed to stage III to IV on the second day. Different doses of copper solution had certain lethal effect on the larvae of Aedes albopictus, and the higher the dosage, the more obvious the lethal effect. Ions also affected the development of Aedes albopictus eggs; 10 days after immersion in copper, 30% of eggs were hatched in 10 mg/L copper solution, 37% in 20 mg/L copper solution, 86% in 40 mg/L copper solution, and 99% in the control group. In the experiment of Aedes albopictus larvae or egg development, it was found that the high concentration of copper sulfate solution had a significant effect on the hatching of eggs; the eggs of Aedes albopictus began to hatch on the 3rd day after adding the eggs in 1 mg/L copper sulfate solution, and the number of mosquito larvae hatched increased continuously after that, but no white was found in 10 mg/L and 100 mg/L copper sulfate solution. The eggs of Aedes albopictus were hatched. High concentration of copper sulfate solution inhibited the development of Aedes albopictus larvae obviously; 1 mg/L, 10 mg/L and 100 mg/L of copper sulfate solution had a strong lethal effect on the larvae of Aedes albopictus from 1st to 2nd instars, and the mortality rate was 100% after 24h of the larvae of Aedes albopictus larvae from 3rd to 4th instars. The lethality increased with the increase of concentration, and the larvae of Aedes albopictus died in 100 mg/L copper sulfate solution until the third day. No mosquito larvae were found in the container containing 100 mg/L copper sulfate solution for the first five weeks. The number of positive barrels for mosquito larvae increased continuously until the seventh week. The effect of controlling mosquito larvae by copper sulfate solution decreased with time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R184

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 劉傳鴿;羅琳;胡龍飛;;蚊類(lèi)監(jiān)測(cè)方法的研究進(jìn)展[J];檢驗(yàn)檢疫學(xué)刊;2013年01期

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本文編號(hào)：2195981