【摘要】：我國(guó)是最大的煙草生產(chǎn)國(guó)和煙草消費(fèi)國(guó),中國(guó)擁有3億多的吸煙者,吸煙人數(shù)大約占到了全球吸煙人數(shù)的三分之一。煙草不僅對(duì)人體的健康有很大的危害,同時(shí)吸煙也會(huì)增加國(guó)家的公共健康經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān),因此,煙草消費(fèi)量數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)于控?zé)熣咧贫ň哂惺种匾囊饬x。主要以問卷調(diào)查形式調(diào)查煙草消費(fèi)量的傳統(tǒng)方法存在費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力等諸多弊端,本研究提出了基于污水流行病學(xué)方法調(diào)查煙草消費(fèi)數(shù)量的方法。把大連市作為本次研究的對(duì)象,采用污水流行病學(xué)的研究方法調(diào)查了大連市的煙草消費(fèi)量。選取了廣泛分布在大連市11個(gè)污水處理廠,服務(wù)總?cè)丝跀?shù)超過220萬(wàn),連續(xù)采集2天的進(jìn)水樣品。經(jīng)過過濾、固相微萃取凈化和濃縮,液相色譜串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜法對(duì)污水樣品進(jìn)行分析,得到相應(yīng)的尼古丁、尼古丁的主要代謝產(chǎn)物可替寧以及羥基可替寧的濃度。污水中可替寧和反式-可替寧濃度分別為2.33±0.30μg/L到2.76±0.91μg/L。通過反推計(jì)算大連地區(qū)消費(fèi)的尼古丁數(shù)據(jù),得出在采樣期間人均消費(fèi)尼古丁的量在0.25～4.22mg/d之間波動(dòng),平均消費(fèi)量為1.92mg/d。蒙特卡洛分析不確定性的結(jié)果表明,大連煙民煙草消費(fèi)量每人每天吸煙數(shù)量在10支和27支之間,吸煙者的煙草消耗量均值是14.6支/天/人。通過比較污水分析中獲得的數(shù)據(jù)與流行病學(xué)研究調(diào)查的香煙的數(shù)量,二者顯示出良好的一致性,由此證明了污水流行病學(xué)方法研究地區(qū)煙草消費(fèi)量的可行性。除此之外,污水流行病學(xué)客觀、高效的特點(diǎn)也可以用來(lái)補(bǔ)充現(xiàn)有的社會(huì)流行病學(xué)調(diào)查方法。
[Abstract]:China is the largest producer and consumer of tobacco, with more than 300 million smokers, accounting for about 1/3 of the world's smoking population. Tobacco not only does great harm to human health, but also increases the national public health economic burden. Therefore, the data of tobacco consumption is of great significance for the formulation of tobacco control policy. The traditional method of investigating tobacco consumption by questionnaire has many disadvantages, such as time-consuming and laborious. In this study, a method of tobacco consumption investigation based on sewage epidemiology was proposed. The tobacco consumption in Dalian was investigated by using the method of sewage epidemiology. The influent samples were collected from 11 wastewater treatment plants in Dalian with a total service population of more than 2.2 million for 2 days. After filtration, solid phase microextraction, purification and concentration, the concentration of nicotine, the main metabolite of nicotine and hydroxy cotinine were obtained by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The concentrations of cotinine and trans-cotinine in sewage were 2.33 鹵0.30 渭 g / L to 2.76 鹵0.91 渭 g / L, respectively. The average consumption of nicotine per capita fluctuates between 0.25~4.22mg/d and the average consumption is 1.92 mg / d by backstepping the nicotine consumption data of Dalian area. The results of Monte Carlo analysis showed that the tobacco consumption of Dalian smokers was between 10 and 27 cigarettes per day, and the average tobacco consumption of smokers was 14.6 per person per day. By comparing the data obtained from sewage analysis and the number of cigarettes investigated by epidemiological studies, the two showed good consistency, which proved the feasibility of the study of tobacco consumption in the region by the method of sewage epidemiology. In addition, the objective and efficient characteristics of sewage epidemiology can be used to supplement the existing methods of social epidemiological investigation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F721;R181.2;X703

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