本文選題：亞健康狀態(tài) + 流行病學調查��； 參考：《第一軍醫(yī)大學》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 研究背景 80年代中期，前蘇聯(lián)布赫曼教授通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，除了健康狀態(tài)和疾病狀態(tài)之外，人體還存在著一種非健康非患病的中間狀態(tài)，稱為亞健康(sub-health)狀態(tài)。亞健康狀態(tài)是機體在無器質性病變情況下發(fā)生了一些功能性改變，造成人體生理機能低下，嚴重影響人們的工作能力和生存質量。WHO的一項全球性調查表明，真正健康的人僅占5％，患有疾病的人占20％，而75％的人處于亞健康狀態(tài)。處于亞健康狀態(tài)的人口在許多國家和地區(qū)呈上升趨勢。據(jù)有關文獻分析，中國處于亞健康狀態(tài)的人已經(jīng)超過7億，占全國總人口的60％～70％。亞健康已經(jīng)成為當今危害人類健康的頭號隱形殺手，也是現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學難題之一。 目前，對亞健康狀態(tài)尚無一個公認統(tǒng)一的定義和判斷，國內學者對此作了大量的研究和探討。2006年在北京舉行的“世界中醫(yī)藥學會聯(lián)合會亞健康專業(yè)委員會成立暨首屆世界亞健康學術大會”上中華中醫(yī)藥學會亞健康分會，亞健康中醫(yī)臨床研究指導原則起草小組提出了亞健康狀態(tài)的最新概念。其概念為：亞健康是指人體處于健康和疾病之間的一種狀態(tài)。處于亞健康狀態(tài)者，不能達到健康的標準，表現(xiàn)為一定時間內的活力降低、功能和適應能力減退的癥狀，但不符合現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學有關疾病的臨床或亞臨床的診斷標準。我們課題組在這一概念的基礎上，參考相關研究文獻，并經(jīng)廣東省中醫(yī)藥學會亞健康專業(yè)委員會研討，制定了亞健康狀態(tài)的判斷參考標準。 流行病學是一門研究人群中疾病與健康狀況的分布及其影響因素，并研究防治疾病及促進健康的策略和措施的科學。近年來，國內學者已經(jīng)運用流行病學橫斷面調查的方法對亞健康狀態(tài)人群進行了不少的研究。文獻研究提示，目前對亞健康狀態(tài)的研究主要集中在腦力勞動者(包括教師、機關干部、醫(yī)務人員、學生等)及軍人群體，到目前為止，在我國還未發(fā)現(xiàn)專門針對企業(yè)人群亞健康狀態(tài)的調查。而在現(xiàn)代社會中，企業(yè)人群所占人口的比重不斷攀升，對社會經(jīng)濟、醫(yī)療等方面的影響也日漸彰顯。企業(yè)人群由于繁重的工作任務、單調的工作環(huán)境、相對較低的工資、不完善的社會醫(yī)療保障、擁擠的住宿環(huán)境、缺乏的休閑娛樂，導致該群體亞健康狀態(tài)的發(fā)生率持續(xù)攀升，嚴重影響了人們的工作能力和生存質量，這對于企業(yè)人群的個人身心健康，以及企業(yè)的正常運作都產生了巨大的影響。近年來，隨著經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展，尤其在珠江三角洲地區(qū)，工廠企業(yè)迅速增多，企業(yè)人群的數(shù)量也快速膨脹，在當?shù)厝丝谥兴急壤絹碓礁撸湓谏鐣ㄔO中所起的作用也越來越大，該群體的身心健康也倍受重視。故了解這部分人群的亞健康狀態(tài)，研究亞健康狀態(tài)的影響因素，有針對性地防治企業(yè)人群的亞健康狀態(tài)，保障其身心健康，對于促進企業(yè)及社會穩(wěn)定發(fā)展有著重要的意義。而這一領域的研究目前尚是一片空白，，對企業(yè)人群的亞健康狀況缺乏研究，也未見相關的文獻報道，所以對這一人群進行流行病學調查有著非常重要的現(xiàn)實意義。 研究目的 本課題屬于亞健康狀態(tài)系列研究中的一個子課題，采用流行病學橫斷面研究方法，研制亞健康狀態(tài)流行病學調查問卷，應用此問卷首次專門針對企業(yè)人群開展亞健康狀態(tài)的大樣本流行病學調查，了解企業(yè)人群中亞健康狀態(tài)的流行病學情況，探討該特定人群亞健康狀態(tài)的現(xiàn)患率、臨床表現(xiàn)、相關因素等。這不僅填補了國內企業(yè)人群亞健康狀態(tài)流行病學調查的空白，為亞健康狀態(tài)干預策略的制定提供客觀、科學的依據(jù)，還將為今后進一步研究確定干預措施及治療方案奠定基礎，對提高該人群的整體健康水平、工作效率及生活質量等方面均具有非常重大的意義。 研究方法 我們南方醫(yī)科大學南方醫(yī)院亞健康流行病學調查課題組在課題開始之初就嚴格按照橫斷面流行病學調查的方法，遵循科學的研究程序，對調查中的各個環(huán)節(jié)進行精心的設計，制定了本研究的詳細實施步驟，包括研究目的的確定，研究對象及研究方法的確定，亞健康狀態(tài)流行病學調查問卷的制定及評價，資料的收集、整理、分析及結果的解釋，流行病學調查的質量控制等步驟。 流行病學調查步驟制定及亞健康狀態(tài)流行病學調查問卷研制成功后，我們以兩個企業(yè)為研究對象(其中一個為深圳寶安地區(qū)私營企業(yè)，另一個為東莞市外資企業(yè))，利用我們課題組研制的亞健康狀態(tài)流行病學調查問卷，按照預先制定的流行病學調查步驟對其所有員工進行流行病學調查，排除患有疾病的人群，建立亞健康狀態(tài)人群資料庫，內容包括年齡、性別、職業(yè)、學歷、婚姻、亞健康狀態(tài)癥狀及影響因素等；采用計算機技術及數(shù)理統(tǒng)計等現(xiàn)代科學方法進行亞健康狀態(tài)的流行病學研究。 結果 1研制成功適用的亞健康狀態(tài)流行病學調查問卷，并經(jīng)過現(xiàn)場試用及效度、信度等評價，證明該問卷能達到預期研究的目的；應用此問卷，在國內首次對企業(yè)人群開展亞健康狀態(tài)流行病學調查。 2深圳私營企業(yè)總的亞健康狀態(tài)現(xiàn)患率為62.1％。其中男性亞健康狀態(tài)現(xiàn)患率為60.2％，女性為64.4％；年齡在20歲以下的人群亞健康狀態(tài)現(xiàn)患率為62.3％，年齡在20～30歲之間的人群為65.6％，年齡在30歲以上的人群為46.3％；工人亞健康狀態(tài)現(xiàn)患率為62.3％，行政人員為60.8％，其他職業(yè)人員為62.0％；學歷在高中及高中以下的人員亞健康狀態(tài)現(xiàn)患率為61.3％，學歷為中專的人員為66.9％，學歷為大專以上的人群為57.1％；未婚人員亞健康狀態(tài)現(xiàn)患率為64.4％，已婚人員為51.3％。 3深圳私營企業(yè)亞健康狀態(tài)人群中出現(xiàn)頻率為60％以上的癥狀有：疲倦乏力、情緒低落；出現(xiàn)頻率為50％以上的癥狀有：容易感冒、時常嘆氣、怕熱、頭痛、急躁易怒、腰背酸痛、注意力差、健忘、動則汗出、情緒不穩(wěn)、失眠、工作效率低下及食欲不振；出現(xiàn)頻率為40％以上的癥狀有：精神不振、孤獨感、咽干、心慌、空虛寂寞、焦慮、精神緊張、難以承擔相應的社會角色、脫發(fā)、反應遲鈍、人際關系緊張、交往頻率下降、惡風怕冷、眼花、腿膝酸軟、逃避現(xiàn)實、手足麻木及苦悶等；另外痛經(jīng)、月經(jīng)量異常及白帶過多等多見于女性亞健康狀態(tài)。 4深圳私營企業(yè)亞健康狀態(tài)的危險因素為超時工作、遇到挫折或事故，保護因素為個人收入、安全感、體育鍛煉、生活環(huán)境。 5東莞外資企業(yè)亞健康狀態(tài)總的現(xiàn)患率為72.0％。其中男性亞健康狀態(tài)現(xiàn)患率為67.3％，女性為74.0％；年齡在20歲以下的人群亞健康狀態(tài)現(xiàn)患率為77.6％，年齡在20～30歲之間的人群為74.8％，年齡在30歲以上的人群為44.6％；工人亞健康狀態(tài)現(xiàn)患率為72.7％，行政人員為50.5％，其他職業(yè)人員為73.9％；學歷在高中及高中以下的人群亞健康狀態(tài)現(xiàn)患率為73.0％，學歷為中專的人群為70.1％，學歷為大專以上的人群為65.1％；未婚人員亞健康狀態(tài)現(xiàn)患率為75.4％，已婚人員為59.8％。 6東莞外資企業(yè)亞健康狀態(tài)人群中出現(xiàn)頻率為60％以上的癥狀為疲倦乏力；出現(xiàn)頻率為50％以上的癥狀有：情緒低落、怕熱、頭痛、頭暈、容易感冒、時常嘆氣、腰背酸痛；出現(xiàn)頻率為40％以上的癥狀有：失眠多夢、動則汗出、記憶力差、急躁易怒、食欲不振、注意力差、工作效率低下、情緒不穩(wěn)、脫發(fā)、心慌、精神不振、腿膝酸軟、咽干等；另外白帶過多、痛經(jīng)、月經(jīng)量多、經(jīng)期異常等多見于女性亞健康狀態(tài)。 7東莞外資企業(yè)亞健康狀態(tài)的危險因素為超時工作、遇到挫折或事故，保護因素為體育鍛煉、生活環(huán)境、個人收入以及健康狀況。 8東莞外資企業(yè)人群亞健康狀態(tài)總的現(xiàn)患率、男性及女性現(xiàn)患率、工人現(xiàn)患率均高于深圳私營企業(yè)。 結論 1深圳私營企業(yè)與東莞外資企業(yè)人群亞健康狀態(tài)常見癥狀基本一致，現(xiàn)患率及影響因素不完全相同。 2企業(yè)人群亞健康狀態(tài)現(xiàn)患率較高，其高發(fā)人群為30歲以下的青年。 3企業(yè)人群亞健康狀態(tài)癥狀表現(xiàn)多樣，涉及到軀體、心理、社會三方面。 4企業(yè)人群的健康狀況不容樂觀，應采取各種干預措施加以改善。
[Abstract]:Background of the study






In the mid - 1980s , Professor Buchmann of the former Soviet Union found that , in addition to the state of health and disease , there was a non - healthy , non - diseased , intermediate state , known as sub - health . A global survey of WHO showed that the real health was only 5 % , people with disease accounted for 20 % , and 75 % of the people were in sub - health . According to the literature analysis , China is in a sub - health state more than 700 million , making up 60 % -70 % of the country ' s total population . Subhealth has become one of today ' s health - threatening stealth killers and one of modern medical problems .






At present , there is no universally accepted definition and judgment of sub - health status , and domestic scholars have made a great deal of research and discussion . The concept of sub - health status is that sub - health is a state between health and disease . The concept is that sub - health is a state in which the human body is in a state of health and disease . It does not meet the clinical or sub - clinical diagnostic criteria of modern medical related diseases .






Epidemiology is a scientific research on the distribution of disease and health in the population and its influencing factors , and studies the strategies and measures to prevent and cure diseases and promote health . In recent years , domestic scholars have used epidemiological cross - sectional survey methods to study the sub - health status .






Purpose of study






This topic belongs to a sub - topic in the research of subhealth status series , and uses the method of epidemiological cross - sectional study to study the epidemiology of sub - health status in the enterprise population , and to explore the prevalence rate , clinical manifestation and related factors of sub - health status of the specific population . This not only fills up the blank of the epidemiological investigation of sub - health status in the enterprise population , and lays a foundation for further research and determination of intervention measures and treatment programmes in the future , and has great significance for improving the overall health level , working efficiency and quality of life of the population .






Research Methods






At the beginning of the project , the sub - health epidemiology investigation team of the South Hospital of South Medical University has carefully designed the various links in the investigation according to the method of cross - sectional epidemiological investigation . The detailed implementation steps of this study are formulated , including the determination of the study purpose , the determination of the study object and the research method , the development and evaluation of the sub - health status epidemiology questionnaire , the development and evaluation of the sub - health status epidemiology questionnaire , the interpretation of the data collection , the analysis and the results , the quality control of the epidemiological investigation , and the like .






The symptoms with frequency of more than 40 % are : insomnia , multi - dream , dynamic sweating , poor memory , irritability , inappetence , poor attention , low working efficiency , unstable mood , alopecia , palpitation , listlessness , soreness of the legs and knees , pharyngeal dryness and the like ;
Epidemiological study on sub - health status using modern scientific methods such as computer technology and mathematical statistics .






Results






1 The questionnaire of sub - health status epidemiology survey successfully applied and evaluated by field trial and validity , reliability and so on , which proves that the questionnaire can achieve the purpose of expected research ;
This questionnaire was used for the first time in China to carry out an epidemiological investigation on the sub - health status of the enterprise population .






The prevalence rate of sub - health status in Shenzhen private enterprises is 62.1 % . Among them , the prevalence rate of male sub - health status is 60.2 % and female is 64.4 % ;
Under the age of 20 , the prevalence rate of sub - health status was 62.3 % , the age between 20 and 30 years was 65.6 % , and the age was 46.3 % .
The prevalence rate of sub - health status in workers was 62.3 % , 60.8 % in administrative staff and 62.0 % for other professionals .
In high school and high school , the prevalence rate of sub - health status is 61.3 % , and the degree of education is 66.9 % in secondary school and 57.1 % for those with higher education .
The prevalence of sub - health status of unmarried people is 64.4 % , and the married person is 51.3 % .






3 . There were more than 60 % of the symptoms in the sub - health status population of Shenzhen private enterprise : fatigue fatigue and depression ;
The symptoms with frequency of more than 50 % are : easy cold , frequent sigh , fear of heat , headache , irritability , soreness of waist and back , poor attention , amnesia , sweating , unstable emotion , insomnia , low working efficiency and inappetence ;
The symptoms with frequency of more than 40 % are : psychosis , loneliness , pharynx dryness , palpitation , emptiness loneliness , anxiety and mental stress . It is difficult to assume corresponding social role , hair loss , response delay , interpersonal tension , decrease in communication frequency , aversion to cold , eye flower , soreness of legs and knees , escape from reality , numbness of hands and feet , etc .
In addition , menstrual abnormalities and excessive leucorrhea were found in women ' s sub - health status .






4 The risk factors of sub - health status of Shenzhen private enterprise are overtime work , setbacks or accidents , and the protection factors are personal income , security , physical exercise and living environment .






The prevalence rate of sub - health status in Dongguan enterprise was 72.0 % . The prevalence rate of male sub - health was 67.3 % and 74.0 % , respectively .
The prevalence rate of sub - health status of people under 20 years of age was 77.6 % , the age between 20 and 30 years was 74.8 % , and the age was 44.6 % .
The prevalence rate of sub - health status of workers was 72.7 % , administrative staff was 50.5 % , and other occupations were 73.9 % ;
The prevalence rate of sub - health status in high school and high school was 73.0 % , with a degree of 70.1 % in secondary school and 65.1 % for those with higher education .
The prevalence of sub - health status of unmarried people is 75.4 % , and the married person is 59.8 % .






The symptoms of more than 60 % frequency in the sub - health status population of Dongguan enterprise are fatigue and fatigue ;
Symptoms such as depression , fear of heat , headache , dizziness , common cold , frequent sigh , and soreness of the back and back are symptoms of more than 50 % of the symptoms .
After the epidemiological investigation steps are formulated and the sub - health status epidemiology questionnaire is developed , we use two enterprises as the research object ( one of which is Shenzhen Bao ' an area private enterprise and the other is Dongguan enterprise ) . According to the sub - health status epidemiology questionnaire developed in our research group , the epidemiological investigation is carried out according to the pre - established epidemiology investigation procedure to exclude people with disease and establish a sub - health status population database , the content includes age , gender , occupation , education , marriage , sub - health status symptoms and influencing factors ;
In addition , excessive leucorrhea , dysmenorrhea , excessive menstrual flow , abnormal menstrual period , and so on are found in women ' s sub - health status .






7 The risk factors of the sub - health status of the Dongguan enterprise are overtime work , setbacks or accidents , and the protection factors are physical exercise , living environment , personal income and health status .






The prevalence rate of sub - health status in Dongguan foreign - funded enterprises , the prevalence of male and female , and the prevalence of workers are higher than that of private enterprises in Shenzhen .






Conclusion






Shenzhen private enterprise is basically consistent with the common symptoms of sub - health status of Dongguan enterprise of foreign - funded enterprises , and the prevalence rate and influencing factors are not identical .






2 The prevalence rate of sub - health status of the enterprise population is high , and the high - haired people are young people under the age of 30 .






The symptoms of sub - health status of three enterprises are diverse , involving physical , psychological and social aspects .






4 . The health status of the enterprise population is not optimistic , and various intervention measures should be taken to improve .
【學位授予單位】：第一軍醫(yī)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：R181.3

【引證文獻】

相關期刊論文 前7條

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