發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-29 23:09

  本文選題：家蠅 + 抗藥性��； 參考：《首都師范大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 家蠅(Musca domestic)是世界性分布的重要的公共衛(wèi)生害蟲。隨著殺蟲劑的研發(fā)和廣泛使用,越來越多的昆蟲對殺蟲劑產(chǎn)生了抗藥性。而家蠅一直是我國病媒生物控制的重點(diǎn),但是許多地區(qū)的家蠅已對不同的殺蟲劑產(chǎn)生了一定程度的抗性,這給衛(wèi)生防疫工作帶來很大不便,成為人們越來越關(guān)注的問題。及時(shí)、準(zhǔn)確的確定家蠅抗藥性的產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展和抗性水平對合理制定防治策略至關(guān)重要,同樣也是殺蟲劑毒性機(jī)理的研究基礎(chǔ)。 本文以家蠅為實(shí)驗(yàn)對象,首先對家蠅進(jìn)行了擬除蟲菊酯類殺蟲劑的抗性培育,而且還對其抗性現(xiàn)實(shí)遺傳力進(jìn)行了研究;并且初步研究了家蠅對于溴氰菊酯抗性品系的抗性遺傳方式、抗性以及正反雜交品系相對適合度。 1.家蠅的抗性選育及其相應(yīng)的現(xiàn)實(shí)遺傳力 對實(shí)驗(yàn)室抗溴氰菊酯BJD抗性品系經(jīng)過9代抗性篩選,與敏感品系CDC品系比較,抗性由原有的2203倍上升到7241倍,現(xiàn)實(shí)遺傳力較低(h~2=0.007)。抗溴氰菊酯品系ISO經(jīng)過8代抗性篩選,與敏感品系比較,抗性由原有的1043倍上升到3421倍,現(xiàn)實(shí)遺傳力較低(h~2=0.012)。TZ-D品系來源于TZ品系,其對溴氰菊酯的致死中量是1.60ng/頭,與實(shí)驗(yàn)室敏感品系CDC比較,其抗性倍數(shù)為8倍,屬于低抗水平。經(jīng)過15代的抗性篩選,抗性倍數(shù)由8倍上升到138倍。TZ-D品系對溴氰菊酯的抗性遺傳力為較低(h~2=0.016)。經(jīng)過15代的抗性篩選,TZ-2Cl對二氯苯醚菊酯的致死中量由1.91ng/頭上升到270ng/頭,抗性倍數(shù)從5倍增長至730倍,達(dá)到極高抗性水平。TZ-2Cl品系對二氯苯醚菊酯的抗性遺傳力較高(為h~2=0.040)。 2.溴氰菊酯抗性家蠅品系得抗性遺傳方式及相對適合度研究 將家蠅CDC敏感品系和抗溴氰菊酯品系BJD進(jìn)行正反交,分析家蠅對溴氰菊酯的抗性遺傳方式。結(jié)果表明家蠅對溴氰菊酯的抗性為常染色體遺傳,正反后代的顯性度D值分別為0.574、0.536,抗性呈完全顯性遺傳。比較家蠅抗溴氰菊酯品系、敏感品系及兩者雜交品系的生長發(fā)育和繁殖特征的結(jié)果表明:抗性品系孵化率、化蛹率、羽化率降低,蛹重減輕,雌蟲所占比例明顯下降,成蟲產(chǎn)卵量減少,即抗性品系在繁殖和生長發(fā)育上存在明顯的生存劣勢,抗性適合度為0.36。而正反雜交品系的各種適合度指標(biāo)均處于敏感與抗性之間,正、反雜交品系的適合度分別為0.49、0.82。
[Abstract]:Musca domestic is an important public health pest in the world. With the development and wide use of insecticides, more and more insects develop resistance to insecticides. Musca domestica has always been the focus of vector biological control in China, but in many areas, housefly has a certain degree of resistance to different insecticides, which brings great inconvenience to the health and epidemic prevention work, and has become a more and more concerned problem. Timely and accurate determination of resistance to insecticides in housefly, development and resistance level is very important for the rational formulation of control strategy, and is also the basis of insecticide toxicity mechanism. In this paper, the resistance of housefly to pyrethroid insecticides was first cultivated, and the heritability of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides was also studied. The genetic pattern of resistance to deltamethrin resistance of housefly and the relative fitness of positive and negative hybrids were also studied. 1. The resistance breeding of housefly and its realistic heritability to laboratory resistance to deltamethrin BJD were screened for 9 generations, and the resistance increased from 2203 times to 7241 times compared with that of sensitive strain. The realistic heritability was lower (H20.007). The resistant strain of deltamethrin was screened for 8 generations. Compared with the sensitive strain, the resistance increased from 1043 times to 3421 times, and the realistic heritability was lower (HG20.012) .TZ-D strain originated from TZ strain. The median lethal dose to deltamethrin was 1.60ng/ head. Compared with the laboratory sensitive strain CDC, its resistance ratio is 8 times, which belongs to low resistance level. After 15 generations of resistance screening, the heritability of resistance to deltamethrin of the strain increased from 8 times to 138 times. The heritability of resistance to deltamethrin was lower than that of TZ-D strain (HY20.016). After 15 generations of resistance screening, the median lethal dose of TZ-2Cl to permethrin increased from the head of 1.91ng/ to the head of 270ng/, and the resistance ratio increased from 5 times to 730 times. The heritability of resistance to permethrin was higher in the strain. Genetic pattern and relative fitness of resistance to deltamethrin resistance of housefly strain BJD and CDC sensitive strain of Musca domestica were crossbred to analyze the genetic pattern of resistance to deltamethrin. The results showed that the resistance of housefly to deltamethrin was autosomal inheritance, and the dominance D value of positive and negative progenies was 0.574 ~ 0.536, respectively. The resistance to deltamethrin was completely dominant inheritance. The results showed that the hatching rate, pupation rate, emergence rate, weight of pupa decreased, and the proportion of female worm decreased obviously, compared with the growth, development and reproduction characteristics of the resistant lines, sensitive lines and hybrid lines of housefly, which were resistant to deltamethrin, and the results showed that the hatching rate, pupation rate and emergence rate of resistant lines were decreased, and the weight of pupae decreased. The number of spawning decreased, that is, the resistant strain had obvious survival disadvantage in reproduction and growth and development, and the resistance fitness was 0.36. The fitness indexes of positive and negative hybrids were between sensitivity and resistance, and the fitness of positive and negative hybrids were 0.49 and 0.82respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：R184

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 周云輝;家蠅抗性等位基因檢測與頻率分布[D];江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2011年

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本文編號：2083757