發(fā)布時間：2018-06-19 01:51

  本文選題：埃博拉病毒病 + 埃博拉病毒��； 參考：《科技導報》2014年24期

【摘要】：埃博拉病毒(Ebolavirus)是埃博拉病毒病(Ebola Virus Disease,EVD)的病原體,1976年首次在非洲發(fā)現(xiàn),目前確認該病毒包括5個種,其中蘇丹型(Sudan ebolavirus)、扎伊爾型(Zaire ebolavirus)、塔伊森林型(Ta釭 Forest ebolavirus)和本迪布焦型(Bundibugyo ebolavirus)均有感染人發(fā)病的記錄;萊斯頓型(Reston ebolavirus)可致人隱性感染,并與多起獼猴暴發(fā)疫情有關,曾在菲律賓的豬中檢出。人類埃博拉病毒病的病死率為25%~90%,疫情均發(fā)生在非洲,主要集中在10°N—10°S的非洲地區(qū),本次西非疫情是規(guī)模最大的暴發(fā)流行,截至2014年8月20日已報告2615例病例。該病是動物源性傳染病,目前證據(jù)支持果蝠可能為病毒的自然儲存宿主。該病在人群中主要通過接觸傳播,有癥狀的病人才具有傳染性。未采取正確防護措施的醫(yī)護人員、家庭護理人員及接觸病人血液、體液,或接觸病人血液、體液等污染的物品,或接觸病例尸體的人是高風險感染人群。本病起病急,早期表現(xiàn)為發(fā)熱、厭食、虛弱無力等非特異性癥狀,可通過檢測病毒核酸、抗原、抗體等方法確診。目前尚無批準上市的特效藥和疫苗,以對癥和支持治療為主。預防控制策略主要包括早期發(fā)現(xiàn)病例、及時調(diào)查處置、追蹤和密切觀察接觸者,以及有效的醫(yī)院內(nèi)和社區(qū)的感染控制。
[Abstract]:Ebola virus Ebolavirus, the pathogen of Ebola virus Ebola virus, was first found in Africa in 1976 and is now confirmed to include five species. Sudan Sudan virus, Zaire Zaire, Tai Forest Ta Forest ebolavirusand Bundibugyo ebolavirusare all recorded to cause human infection. Reston Reston ebolavirus) can cause human recessive infection and is related to many outbreaks of rhesus monkeys. It was detected in pigs in the Philippines. The mortality rate of human Ebola virus disease is 250.The epidemic situation is mainly in Africa, mainly in 10 擄N-10 擄S Africa. The West Africa epidemic is the largest outbreak. As of August 20, 2014, 2615 cases have been reported. The disease is an animal-borne infectious disease, and the evidence supports that fruit bat may be a natural storage host of the virus. The disease is transmitted mainly through contact among the population, and the symptomatic patient is contagious. Health care workers, family nurses and people who are exposed to the patient's blood, body fluids, or contaminated objects such as patient's blood, body fluids, or bodies are at high risk of infection. The disease is characterized by fever, anorexia, weakness and other nonspecific symptoms. It can be diagnosed by detecting viral nucleic acid, antigen, antibody and so on. At present, there is no approved specific drugs and vaccines, mainly for symptomatic and supportive treatment. Prevention and control strategies include early detection of cases, timely investigation and disposal, tracking and close observation of contacts, and effective infection control in hospitals and communities.
【作者單位】： 中國疾病預防控制中心傳染病預防控制處 傳染病監(jiān)測預警中國疾病預防控制中心重點實驗室;中國科學院微生物研究所網(wǎng)絡信息中心;中國科學院北京生命科學研究院;中國科學院微生物研究所病原微生物與免疫學重點實驗室;中國疾病預防控制中心;
【分類號】：R181.3
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本文編號：2037811