本文選題：艾滋病 + 生命倫理�。� 參考：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 艾滋病自1985年傳入我國(guó)已經(jīng)有20余年了,我國(guó)政府和社會(huì)各界也一直致力于艾滋病的防治工作,不僅在一定程度上控制了艾滋病的傳播速度和規(guī)模,使我國(guó)的艾滋病疫情仍然處于低流行態(tài)勢(shì),同時(shí)還加大了對(duì)艾滋病感染者和患者的關(guān)懷和救助,降低了艾滋病傳播的其他社會(huì)危害,艾滋病社會(huì)綜合防治工作取得了積極的成效。然而,我國(guó)當(dāng)前的艾滋病疫情卻仍處于上升階段,進(jìn)一步蔓延的危險(xiǎn)依然存在,并且正在從高危人群像普通人群擴(kuò)散。與此同時(shí),我國(guó)公共衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域乃至人們長(zhǎng)期價(jià)值觀中隱藏的問題也逐步暴露出來(lái),特別是由于多年體制和陳舊思想的積累,形成了一些艾滋病防治中的難點(diǎn)問題,較大程度的影響了艾滋病防治整體工作的進(jìn)展。因此,針對(duì)我國(guó)當(dāng)前艾滋病防治中存在的難點(diǎn)問題進(jìn)行專項(xiàng)研究十分必要。本文將著重從生命倫理學(xué)角度分別研究當(dāng)前艾滋病防治中的四個(gè)主要的難點(diǎn):農(nóng)民工艾滋病防治措施實(shí)施難度大;宣傳教育難以取得實(shí)效;干預(yù)措施的執(zhí)行仍存在障礙:“四免一關(guān)懷”政策落實(shí)不平衡。 通過對(duì)這些問題的分析,本文在總結(jié)以往艾滋病防治經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上提出了幾點(diǎn)政策建議的同時(shí),也從倫理角度對(duì)現(xiàn)存問題和政策改進(jìn)進(jìn)行了論證。有效性和合乎倫理性是對(duì)政策的基本要求,雖然這兩個(gè)要求在根本上是一致的,但有時(shí)也會(huì)發(fā)生矛盾。政府可以采不合理的強(qiáng)制性措施達(dá)到政策預(yù)定的目標(biāo),然而這種政策往往不可持續(xù),只在短期上有效。因此,政策的合乎倫理性,往往是政策有效的保證。在對(duì)當(dāng)前艾滋病問題進(jìn)行倫理分析的基礎(chǔ)上,本文主張:實(shí)現(xiàn)人權(quán)的基本平等和自由,是應(yīng)對(duì)艾滋病疫情的重要元素,應(yīng)該作為艾滋病防治工作中的核心,特別是人權(quán)中的生命權(quán)和健康權(quán)。因?yàn)樵趯?duì)待艾滋病這種與人的生命密切相關(guān)的疾病時(shí),生命價(jià)值的獨(dú)特性決定了不能以功利主義和契約主義對(duì)待利益的方式來(lái)看待生命。因此,在對(duì)待艾滋病問題時(shí),我們首先尊重人的生命,護(hù)衛(wèi)人的生命權(quán),同時(shí)兼顧生命倫理中的自主、不傷害和公正等原則。在個(gè)體中,體現(xiàn)以人為本的生命價(jià)值理念;在社會(huì)中,體現(xiàn)平等、公正的道德原則。只有得到倫理支持的艾滋病防治工作,才能有效地控制艾滋病的傳播,才能真正提高艾滋病感染者和患者的生命質(zhì)量,才能建立艾滋病防治工作的長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制。真正樹立了這些理念和價(jià)值觀,不僅有利于當(dāng)前艾滋病問題的解決,對(duì)超出艾滋病防治領(lǐng)域其他問題的解決也將發(fā)揮積極的作用。
[Abstract]:It has been more than 20 years since AIDS was introduced into China in 1985. Our government and all walks of life have been committed to the prevention and treatment of AIDS, not only control the speed and scale of the spread of AIDS to a certain extent. The AIDS epidemic in our country is still in a low epidemic situation. At the same time, it has increased the care and assistance to people living with HIV / AIDS and has reduced other social hazards of AIDS transmission. Social comprehensive prevention and treatment of AIDS has achieved positive results. However, the current AIDS epidemic in China is still on the rise, the risk of further spread still exists, and is spreading from the high-risk population, such as the general population. At the same time, the hidden problems in the field of public health and even in people's long-term values have been gradually exposed, especially because of the accumulation of many years of system and old ideas, which has formed some difficult problems in the prevention and control of AIDS. To a large extent affected the overall AIDS prevention and control of the progress. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out special research on the difficult problems existing in the prevention and treatment of AIDS in our country. This paper will focus on the four main difficulties in the prevention and treatment of AIDS from the perspective of bioethics: the implementation of AIDS prevention and control measures for migrant workers is difficult, the publicity and education are difficult to achieve practical results; There are still obstacles in the implementation of intervention measures: the implementation of the policy of "four exemptions and one care" is unbalanced. Through the analysis of these problems, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions on the basis of summing up the experience of AIDS prevention and control in the past, and at the same time, demonstrates the existing problems and policy improvement from the ethical point of view. Effectiveness and ethics are the basic requirements of policy, although the two requirements are fundamentally the same, but sometimes there will be contradictions. Governments can adopt unreasonable coercive measures to achieve their stated goals. However, such policies are often unsustainable and only effective in the short term. Therefore, the ethical nature of policy is often the guarantee of policy effectiveness. On the basis of an ethical analysis of the current AIDS problem, this paper argues that the realization of fundamental equality and freedom of human rights is an important element in the response to the AIDS epidemic and should be the core of AIDS prevention and treatment. In particular, the right to life and the right to health in human rights. Because in the treatment of AIDS, a disease closely related to human life, the uniqueness of the value of life determines that life cannot be viewed in the way of utilitarianism and contract. Therefore, in the treatment of AIDS, we first respect human life, protect the right to life, while taking into account the principles of life ethics autonomy, no harm and justice. In the individual, embodies the people-oriented life value concept, in the society, manifests the equality, the justice moral principle. Only the work of AIDS prevention and treatment supported by ethics can effectively control the spread of AIDS, improve the quality of life of AIDS infected persons and patients, and establish a long-term mechanism for AIDS prevention and treatment. The establishment of these concepts and values will not only help solve the current AIDS problem, but will also play a positive role in solving other problems beyond AIDS prevention and treatment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：R183

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