本文選題：新生兒 + 病原菌��； 參考：《蘭州大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的監(jiān)測(cè)新生兒細(xì)菌感染性疾病的病原菌分布及藥敏狀況,為合理使用抗菌藥物提供依據(jù),指導(dǎo)臨床用藥。 方法回顧性分析2011年6月至2012年5月323例感染性疾病新生兒咽拭子、臍分泌物、痰液、血液、膿皰液、洗胃液等標(biāo)本細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)及分離菌株藥敏結(jié)果,進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。 結(jié)果共分離出184株病原菌,其中革蘭氏陰性菌為94株(51.1%),主要為大腸埃希氏菌37株(39.4%)、肺炎克雷伯桿菌27株(28.7%)及陰溝腸桿菌10株(10.6%)等；革蘭氏陽性菌為90株(48.9%),包括金黃色葡萄球菌24株(26.7%)、表皮葡萄球菌18株(20.0%)及溶血葡萄球菌11株(12.2%)等。新生兒敗血癥前三位病原菌依次為：表皮葡萄球菌、溶血性葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯桿菌。 革蘭氏陰性菌對(duì)亞胺培南敏感性為97.3%、阿米卡星100%、頭孢哌酮舒巴坦77.8%、哌拉西林他唑巴坦88.8%,對(duì)頭孢曲松、頭孢噻肟敏感性低于40.0%、頭孢哌酮、頭孢呋辛低于25.0%,哌拉西林低于15.0%；革蘭氏陽性菌對(duì)利奈唑胺敏感性為100%,對(duì)青霉素敏感性均低于15.0%,表皮葡萄球菌萬古霉素敏感性為95.0%,對(duì)替考拉寧敏感性為93.8%。 結(jié)論新生兒感染性疾病病原主要為革蘭氏陰性菌,包括大腸埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌；革蘭陽性病原以金黃色葡萄球菌及表皮葡萄球菌為主。不同季節(jié)及地區(qū)檢出病原菌不同。細(xì)菌對(duì)常用的一線、二線抗生素敏感性較低。合理、及時(shí)的選擇敏感的抗菌藥物是有效治療新生兒感染性疾病的關(guān)鍵。
[Abstract]:Objective to monitor the distribution of pathogenic bacteria and drug sensitivity of neonatal bacterial infectious diseases, to provide basis for rational use of antimicrobial agents and to guide clinical drug use. Methods from June 2011 to May 2012, the results of bacterial culture and drug sensitivity of 323 newborns with infectious diseases, such as pharynx swabs, umbilical secretions, sputum, blood, pustular fluid and gastric lavage fluid, were analyzed statistically. Results 184 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated, of which 94 strains were Gram-negative bacteria, mainly 37 strains of Escherichia coli, 39.4%, 27 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 10 strains of Enterobacter cloacae (10.6%). There were 90 strains of Gram-positive bacteria, including 24 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 26. 7% of Staphylococcus aureus, 18 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis 20. 0) and 11 strains of Staphylococcus haemolyticus. The first three pathogens of neonatal septicemia were Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The sensitivity of Gram-negative bacteria to imipenem was 97.3cm, amicacin 100, cefoperazone sulbactam 77.8, piperacillin tazobactam 88.8am, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime less than 40.0g, cefoperazone, cefoperazone. Cefuroxime was lower than 25.0, piperacillin was lower than 15.0, Gram-positive bacteria had sensitivity to linazolamine 100, penicillin less than 15.0, Staphylococcus epidermidis to vancomycin 95.0 and teicoplanin 93.8um. Conclusion the main pathogens of neonatal infectious diseases are Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Gram-positive pathogens are Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Pathogens were detected in different seasons and regions. Bacteria are less sensitive to common-line and second-line antibiotics. Rational and timely selection of sensitive antimicrobial agents is the key to the effective treatment of neonatal infectious diseases.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：R181.3

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