本文選題：健康行為 + 重慶��； 參考：《第三軍醫(yī)大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】：行為是機體生物效應(yīng)和心理效應(yīng)的綜合表現(xiàn)形式,對健康影響具有非特異性、長時間作用、簇聚(clustering)協(xié)同效應(yīng)等特點。健康行為(health behaviors,HB)與人群健康水平和生活質(zhì)量緊密相關(guān),是21世紀人類健康促進策略的關(guān)注重點,被研究者譽為健康基石。 隨著對疾病譜和健康問題變化特點的深入認識,美國、英國、澳大利亞等西方發(fā)達國家早在20世紀80年代即開展了廣泛的行為流行病學(xué)的研究,在健康行為理論、研究方法,以及干預(yù)手段等領(lǐng)域取得了長足的發(fā)展。今天,健康行為(生活方式)的人群干預(yù)項目及評價工作已經(jīng)成為政府、軍隊和研究機構(gòu)的日常工作內(nèi)容,為所屬人群在傳染病、非傳染病、以及傷害事件預(yù)防和控制中發(fā)揮了有效作用。 我國是人口最多的發(fā)展中國家,面臨經(jīng)濟發(fā)展不平衡,衛(wèi)生資源相對不足,醫(yī)療負擔(dān)沉重等問題。近年來,雖然疾病預(yù)防和全民健康促進理念逐漸得到政府、機構(gòu)和社區(qū)人群的認同,但健康行為推廣和維護措施卻缺乏力度,人群中不健康行為和生活方式普遍存在。社會人群健康問題如何進入良性循環(huán),維持長久性的健康發(fā)展,這是我們面臨的巨大挑戰(zhàn)。 本課題以重慶社區(qū)人群為研究對象,首先采用現(xiàn)況調(diào)查的方法對該人群的飲食行為、衛(wèi)生行為、運動行為、驅(qū)避危險行為和心理應(yīng)對行為等進行調(diào)查,以了解普通社區(qū)人群健康行為的現(xiàn)狀和分布特征;然后,采用實驗研究的方法,對洗手行為進行干預(yù),以探索健康行為建立的有效干預(yù)方法。相關(guān)結(jié)果如下: 1.調(diào)查對象具有良好的人群代表性:調(diào)查樣本1 309人,涉及重慶市所轄的渝中區(qū)、南岸區(qū)、沙坪壩區(qū)、云陽縣、巫山縣、萬州區(qū)等40個區(qū)縣。其中有效問卷1 263份,有效率96.5%。10%隨機重測樣本126人,重測問卷符合率為89.6%。調(diào)查對象的一般特征具有一定的地域代表性。其中男性668名,女性595名,平均年齡32.39±8.68歲;主城區(qū)居民620名,區(qū)縣居民643名;腦力勞動者614名,體力勞動者460名;高中以下文化程度366名,占28.9%。 2.被調(diào)查人群中不健康行為現(xiàn)狀不容樂觀:調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,不健康衛(wèi)生行為、不健康飲食行為、缺乏運動行為和無驅(qū)避危險行為的現(xiàn)象在人群中普遍存在。5種主要不健康行為的發(fā)生頻率分別是:缺乏有效體育運動為78.1%,乘車不系安全帶51.4%,飲酒42.8%(其中男性64.7% ,女性18.3% ),吸煙29.5%(其中男性54.3%,女性1.5%),超重或肥胖19.2%。此外,不健康飲食行為中,吃甜食的比例最高,為76%(其中男性71.1%,女性81.5%);不健康衛(wèi)生行為中,未達到每年一次體檢的比例最高,為71.0%;趨避危險行為中,不知曉人工復(fù)蘇技術(shù)的比例最高,為88.6%。 3.不健康行為存在簇聚:人群中,多種不健康行為同時并存的現(xiàn)象普遍,其中只有3.7%的調(diào)查人員無不健康行為;21.5%有一種,37.5%有兩種,22.3%有三種,13.2%有四種,1.7%同時有五種。幾乎所有的吸煙者(78.8%)同時具有其余的二至四種不健康行為。其次是75.7%的超重或肥胖者同時具有其余的二至四種的不健康行為;男性、體力勞動者、低文化程度人群更易發(fā)生不健康行為的簇聚現(xiàn)象。提示在行為干預(yù)研究中可利用行為簇聚特點,設(shè)定重點人群和關(guān)鍵行為進行干預(yù),以增加干預(yù)效益。 4.不健康行為受多種因素的影響:單因素和多因素Logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示,46-60歲、男性、低文化程度是不健康飲食行為的高發(fā)人群;從事腦力勞動,高學(xué)歷,年齡較大的人群更易發(fā)生缺乏體育活動行為;低年齡組、男性的衛(wèi)生行為較差;區(qū)縣居民的趨避危險行為相對更差。提示不同健康行為的影響因素不同,在干預(yù)研究中應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)對象和目標分別予以對待。 5.聯(lián)合形式的措施可明顯提高行為干預(yù)效果:干預(yù)試驗結(jié)果顯示,在建立適宜環(huán)境條件的基礎(chǔ)上,單純的現(xiàn)場行為警示干預(yù)和單純的激勵措施干預(yù)對促進洗手行為的建立效果相近。但二者聯(lián)合干預(yù)的效果明顯增加。提示健康教育、環(huán)境警示和激勵措施相結(jié)合的聯(lián)合干預(yù)方法更有利于健康行為的迅速建立。
[Abstract]:Behavior is a comprehensive expression of organism ' s biological effect and psychological effect . It has non - specific , long - term effect and synergistic effect on health . Health behaviors ( HB ) are closely related to the health level and quality of life . It is the focus of human health promotion strategy in the 21st century .

With the deep understanding of the characteristics of disease spectrum and health problems , Western developed countries such as the United States , the United Kingdom , Australia and other western developed countries have made great progress in the fields of health behavior theory , research methods , and interventions . Today , the population intervention project and evaluation work of healthy behavior ( lifestyle ) have become the daily work contents of government , army and research institutions , and play an effective role in the prevention and control of infectious diseases , non - communicable diseases and injury events .

In recent years , although the concept of disease prevention and universal health promotion has been accepted by government , institution and community , health behavior promotion and maintenance measures are lack of strength , unhealthy behavior and lifestyle are prevalent among the population . How to enter the virtuous circle and maintain long - term healthy development is the great challenge facing us .

In order to understand the current situation and distribution characteristics of the healthy behaviors of the general community population , the author makes an investigation on the behaviors of eating behavior , hygiene behavior , sports behavior , repellent risk behavior and psychological response behavior of the population in Chongqing community population . Then , the method of experiment research is adopted to intervene the hand - washing behavior to explore the effective intervention method of health behavior . The relevant results are as follows :

1 . The survey object has a good population representation : 1,309 survey samples , and 40 districts , such as Yuzhong District , Nankai District , Shapingba District , Yunyang County , Wushan County and Wanzhou District , which are under the jurisdiction of Chongqing . Among them , the effective questionnaires are 1,263 , the effective rate is 96.5 % . The average age is 32.39 鹵 8.68 years .

2 . The prevalence of unhealthy behaviors in the investigated population was not optimistic . The results showed that the prevalence of unhealthy behaviors , unhealthy diet behavior , lack of exercise behavior and non - refoulement risk behaviors were prevalent among the population . The frequency of the five major unhealthy behaviors was 78.1 % , 51.4 % for non - healthy diet , and 19.2 % for overweight or obese . In addition , the proportion of non - healthy eating was the highest , which was 71.0 % . In the avoidance of dangerous behavior , the proportion of the technique of artificial resuscitation was not known to be the highest , which was 88.6 % .

3 . There are clusters of unhealthy behaviors : among the population , there are only 3.7 % of the investigators have no unhealthy behavior ; 21.5 % have one , 37.5 % have two , 22.3 % have three , 13.2 % have four , 1.7 % have five . Almost all smokers ( 78.8 % ) have the remaining two to four unhealthy behaviors .

4 . Unhealthy behavior is influenced by many factors : single factor and multi - factor logistic regression analysis shows that 46 - 60 years old , male , low - culture degree is unhealthy dietary behavior high - incidence crowd ; engaged in mental labor , high education , older age group is more vulnerable to lack of physical activity behavior ; low age group , male ' s health behavior is poor ; the district / county residents ' approach to avoid dangerous behavior is relatively worse . It is suggested that different health behaviors affect different factors , and should be treated according to the object and target in the intervention study .

5 . Joint form measures can obviously improve the effect of behavioral intervention : the results of intervention experiment show that the intervention of field behavior warning and the intervention of simple incentive measures are close to the effect of promoting the hand - washing behavior .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：第三軍醫(yī)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：R193;R181.3

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 邱慧萍;災(zāi)難性危機事件的心理干預(yù)[J];江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2004年01期

2 甘志高;中國行為危險因素監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)概述[J];現(xiàn)代預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué);2003年04期

3 呂正兵;李謙;黃宏杰;何靖;陳劍清;張耀洲;王友同;吳梧桐;;甲型H1N1流感的流行現(xiàn)狀及處理對策的思考[J];藥物生物技術(shù);2009年03期

4 許亮文;杭州市居民運動行為現(xiàn)況及相關(guān)因素分析[J];中國行為醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué);2005年11期

5 曾四清,林立;廣東省15歲以上居民吸煙模式及相關(guān)因素研究[J];中華流行病學(xué)雜志;2000年02期

6 中國肥胖問題工作組數(shù)據(jù)匯總分析協(xié)作組;我國成人體重指數(shù)和腰圍對相關(guān)疾病危險因素異常的預(yù)測價值:適宜體重指數(shù)和腰圍切點的研究[J];中華流行病學(xué)雜志;2002年01期

7 謝瑾,焦淑芳,尹香君,王瑜,郭飚;北京市社區(qū)人群體育鍛煉的現(xiàn)況調(diào)查[J];中華預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)雜志;2004年01期

8 鞏玉秀,李六億,張朝陽;國內(nèi)醫(yī)院感染管理中的問題與對策[J];中華醫(yī)院管理雜志;2000年09期

9 蔡一村;黃川;庫志強;黃忠;;流感病毒VS流感疫苗——一場已經(jīng)進行了百年的戰(zhàn)爭[J];自然雜志;2009年04期

10 樊富珉;SARS危機干預(yù)與心理輔導(dǎo)模式初探[J];中國心理衛(wèi)生雜志;2003年09期

，

本文編號：1888408