本文選題：漢坦病毒 + 宿主動物��； 參考：《中國人民解放軍軍事醫(yī)學科學院》2005年博士論文

【摘要】：本研究針對近些年北京地區(qū)腎綜合征出血熱(HFRS)疫情發(fā)展形勢,在北京9個區(qū)縣選擇代表性生境,采用多點橫斷面與定點縱向相結(jié)合的現(xiàn)場調(diào)查方法,在弄清漢坦病毒(HV)宿主群落生態(tài)學和種群動態(tài)的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合血清學和分子生物學檢測技術(shù),對宿主動物HV感染進行了系統(tǒng)的流行病學研究。其主要結(jié)果如下:(1) 共采集到以鼠類為主的HV宿主動物9種849只,總帶毒率6.9%。通過群落結(jié)構(gòu)、極點排序和種群季節(jié)消長動態(tài)分析及其與HV感染狀況的關(guān)聯(lián)分析,從生態(tài)學角度闡明了北京不同生境鼠類群落特征及HV優(yōu)勢宿主(褐家鼠和小家鼠)對HFRS流行的作用;感染率較高的自然隔離褐家鼠種群密度變化、種群結(jié)構(gòu)變化與所攜帶HV之間具有相關(guān)性;城郊褐家鼠所偏嗜的一些棲息生境為北京HFRS發(fā)生高危地區(qū),市區(qū)小家鼠在HV傳播中的優(yōu)勢地位增強。(2) 多因素非條件Logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示:優(yōu)勢宿主—褐家鼠一些特征,如體重60g、體長15cm、體表有疤痕、雄性睪丸位于陰囊中、處于繁殖期的成年鼠是其自然感染HV的危險因素,從而進一步證實了HV在鼠間平行傳播的規(guī)律。(3) 褐家鼠不同臟器中HV基因變異、定量分布相對差異的比較結(jié)果顯示:肺臟中HV帶毒量高于其它臟器,且HV基因更易發(fā)生變異,提示肺臟易受HV侵犯與寄生,HV基因在該器官中受宿主免疫壓力更大,這對于進一步了解HV的貯存和傳播機制具有重要意義。(4) 通過比較鼠源HV代表株及其部分人源HV基因序列,確定了北京地區(qū)近年來主要流行株型別,發(fā)現(xiàn)了交通樞紐、人群和農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品集散地一些鼠源HV具有更大的變異。(5) 通過比較優(yōu)勢動物宿主遺傳多態(tài)性與對應(yīng)HV基因差異分布,發(fā)現(xiàn)農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品集散地褐家鼠某地理種群與其來源的HV基因差異存在對應(yīng)關(guān)聯(lián)。提示了兩者協(xié)同演化的歷史及北京HV隨外埠褐家鼠遷移而輸入的危險性�？傊�,本研究通過對北京地區(qū)HV宿主生態(tài)學、HV感染分子流行病學及其優(yōu)勢宿主—HV相互關(guān)系的研究,分析了北京近年來HFRS疫情攀升的主要原因,從而為北京市更加科學、有針對性地制定HFRS預(yù)防和控制措施提供了決策依據(jù)和新的思路。
[Abstract]:In view of the epidemic situation of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Beijing in recent years, representative habitats were selected in 9 districts and counties in Beijing. Based on the understanding of the host community ecology and population dynamics of Hantavirus HVV, combined with serological and molecular biological detection techniques, a systematic epidemiological study on HV infection in host animals was carried out. The main results were as follows: (1) A total of 849 HV host animals were collected, with a total virus carrying rate of 6.9%. The community structure, polar order, seasonal fluctuation of population and their association with HV infection were analyzed. The characteristics of rodent community in different habitats in Beijing and the effect of dominant hosts of HV (Rattus norvegicus and Rattus musculus) on HFRS epidemic were expounded from the ecological point of view, and the population density of Rattus norvegicus isolated by natural isolation with high infection rate was studied. There was a correlation between the population structure change and the HV carried, and some perched habitats of Rattus norvegicus on the outskirts of the city were high risk areas for the occurrence of HFRS in Beijing. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the dominant host, Rattus norvegicus, had some characteristics, such as body weight of 60g, body length of 15cm, body surface scar, male testis in the scrotum. Adult rats in reproductive period were the risk factors of HV infection, which further confirmed the HV gene variation in different organs of Rattus norvegicus. The results of relative quantitative distribution showed that the HV band in lung was higher than that in other organs, and HV gene was more easily mutated, suggesting that the HV gene in lung was more susceptible to HV invasion and parasitic HV gene was under the host immune pressure in the organ. This is of great significance for further understanding the storage and transmission mechanism of HV.) by comparing the representative strains of rat HV and some human HV gene sequences, we have identified the main prevalent plant types in Beijing in recent years and discovered the transportation hub. Some rat HV species in population and agricultural and sideline product distribution areas had greater variation. 5) by comparing the genetic polymorphisms of host animals and the corresponding HV genes, HV gene was distributed differently in the population and in the distribution areas of agricultural and sideline products. It was found that a geographical population of Rattus norvegicus in agricultural and sideline product distribution area was related to the difference of HV gene. The history of co-evolution and the danger of Beijing HV being imported with the migration of Rattus norvegicus were suggested. In conclusion, by studying the molecular epidemiology of HV infection in HV host ecology in Beijing and the relationship between HV infection and its dominant host, HV, this study analyzed the main reasons for the rise of HFRS epidemic in Beijing in recent years, so as to make Beijing more scientific. Making prevention and control measures of HFRS provides decision-making basis and new thinking.
【學位授予單位】：中國人民解放軍軍事醫(yī)學科學院
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2005
【分類號】：R181.3

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)博士學位論文 前1條

1 張文義;基于環(huán)境因素預(yù)測腎綜合征出血熱和瘧疾傳播風險[D];中國人民解放軍軍事醫(yī)學科學院;2010年

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本文編號：1858247