發(fā)布時間：2018-05-01 06:08

  本文選題：瘋牛病 + 化妝品��； 參考：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2005年博士論文

【摘要】：化妝品市場是我國近年來增長最為迅速的消費(fèi)品市場之一,人們在從化妝品中受益的同時, 使用化妝品也存在著安全性問題。由于化妝品中含有大量牛、羊源性物質(zhì),而瘋牛病是一種危害 嚴(yán)重的人畜共患傳染病,所以近年來隨著瘋牛病的相繼暴發(fā)和流行,有關(guān)化妝品是否會傳播瘋牛 病這一問題引起了世界各國的高度重視。許多國家紛紛采取措施,禁止來自瘋牛病疫區(qū)含有牛、 羊源性成分的化妝品入境。為了確實(shí)防止瘋牛病病原通過化妝品傳入我國,本文將對化妝品中的 牛、羊源性成分傳播瘋牛病的風(fēng)險進(jìn)行分析和研究,旨在為國家制定進(jìn)出境化妝品有關(guān)瘋牛病檢 驗檢疫的規(guī)定提供一些理論依據(jù),給這些化妝品的使用者提供理論指導(dǎo),并希望在此基礎(chǔ)上對加 強(qiáng)具有BSE感染風(fēng)險的化妝品的管理提出建議. 經(jīng)過多年來的實(shí)地考察,搜集了大量國內(nèi)外的相關(guān)資料,經(jīng)仔細(xì)分析、研究和比較,進(jìn)行了 本課題的研究。本研究以現(xiàn)有的科學(xué)知識為基礎(chǔ),系統(tǒng)地運(yùn)用風(fēng)險分析理論,分別從危害因素的 確定、傳入評估、接觸評估、后果評估、以及風(fēng)險評價和風(fēng)險管理等各方面切入,建立了有關(guān)化 妝品成份傳播瘋牛病的風(fēng)險分析模型。該模型包括地理性風(fēng)險評估、動物的健康狀況、組織來源、 組織感染性水平、加工工藝對BSE病原的清除水平及產(chǎn)品的終用途等內(nèi)容。該評估模型不僅考慮 了動物的安全性和健康狀況,更注重分析了動物原料生產(chǎn)加工工藝降低或滅活瘋牛病病原感染性 的水平。在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中,可以滿足我國衛(wèi)生部和國家質(zhì)檢總局有關(guān)“涉及瘋牛病風(fēng)險化妝品及其 原料安全性評價”工作的需要。 通過風(fēng)險分析研究,本文從理論上證明了BSE病原經(jīng)過化妝品傳播的可能性。因此,我國衛(wèi) 生部發(fā)布的在化妝品中不應(yīng)含有瘋牛病疫區(qū)的85牛、羊源性成分的禁令是有科學(xué)依據(jù)的。 根據(jù)攜帶和傳播BSE感染性的水平不同,本文將我國衛(wèi)生部所列的來自瘋牛病疫區(qū)的85種 牛、羊源性成份分為三類,即高度危險性物質(zhì)、中度危險性物質(zhì)和低度危險性物質(zhì),并分別進(jìn)行 風(fēng)險分析和評估。其評估結(jié)果如下: 對于以腦、脊髓為代表的高度危險性物質(zhì),他們傳播BSE的風(fēng)險極大,在化妝品成分中應(yīng)該 禁止使用。 對于以羊毛脂及其衍生物為代表的低度危險性物質(zhì),由于其主要是作為外用化妝品成分。只 要其原料來自健康動物,沒有受到特殊危險性物質(zhì)的污染,加工過程中pH值、溫度和時間都達(dá) 到一定的條件,其傳播瘋牛病的風(fēng)險可以基本排除。 中度危險性物質(zhì)包含的種類比較復(fù)雜,涉及到47種成分,而可用的資料又有限,本文只對 了解其加工、提取過程的一些成分進(jìn)行了分析。對于化妝品中使用的油脂,剔除生產(chǎn)原料中的牛、 羊特殊風(fēng)險物質(zhì)后。將原料切割成不大于50mm的顆粒,在不低于133℃/3巴/20m的條件下加工, 如果生產(chǎn)的油脂中不溶性雜質(zhì)含量低于0. 15%,且在儲存、運(yùn)輸?shù)冗^程中沒有發(fā)生交叉污染,則 這種油脂是安全的。對于化妝品中使用的明膠和膠原,在保證生產(chǎn)原料來源安全,生產(chǎn)過程有相 應(yīng)的認(rèn)定試驗、避免特殊危險性物質(zhì)污染的條件下加工的產(chǎn)品,也被認(rèn)為是安全的。對產(chǎn)自其它 組織的蛋白質(zhì)類、糖類、脂類以及生物單分子等物質(zhì),由于資料所限,沒能對其進(jìn)行完全評估。 鑒于瘋牛病病原是蛋白質(zhì),化妝品中使用牛羊源性蛋白質(zhì)產(chǎn)品傳播BSE的風(fēng)險比其它產(chǎn)品高。所 以,應(yīng)嚴(yán)格控制蛋自質(zhì)類產(chǎn)品在化妝品中的使用。對T.其他需要保持生物活性的產(chǎn)品,其加l_l_ 藝可能無法滿足滅活瘋牛病病原的要求,也需要嚴(yán)格控制。如果原料中沒有特殊危險物質(zhì),加I l一藝又能保證其達(dá)到單分子水平(需要確認(rèn)),除蛋自質(zhì)類外,其他成份應(yīng)允許使用。 本研究研究、總結(jié)出了消費(fèi)者在對化妝品中BSE感染因子進(jìn)行自我評估時,應(yīng)著重注意的事 項;列出了化妝品生產(chǎn)者銷售化妝品時應(yīng)該向消費(fèi)者提供的信息,以使消費(fèi)者得到更好的白我保 護(hù)。另外,就風(fēng)險管理而言,應(yīng)該借鑒別國的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗,同時結(jié)合我國的國情,認(rèn)真落實(shí)各項相 關(guān)政策,加強(qiáng)管理,切斷瘋牛病的傳播途徑,爭取把瘋牛病拒之于國門之外。 關(guān)鍵詞:瘋牛病化妝品風(fēng)險分析與研究
[Abstract]:The cosmetics market is one of the fastest growing consumer goods markets in China in recent years, while people are benefiting from cosmetics.
There is also a safety problem in the use of cosmetics. Because cosmetics contain a large number of cattle and sheep derived substances, mad cow disease is a hazard.
In recent years, with the outbreak and prevalence of mad cow disease, whether cosmetics will spread mad cows in recent years?
The disease has attracted the attention of all countries in the world. Many countries have taken measures to prohibit cattle from the epidemic area of mad cow disease.
Cosmetics imported from sheep origin. In order to prevent the pathogen of mad cow disease from being imported into China through cosmetics, this article will introduce cosmetics in cosmetics.
The risk of transmission of mad cow disease by bovine and sheep derived ingredients is analyzed and studied, aiming to develop the national mad cow disease for entry and exit cosmetics.
It provides some theoretical basis for the quarantine inspection, and provides theoretical guidance for users of these cosmetics.
Recommendations for the management of cosmetics that are highly susceptible to BSE infection.
After many years of fieldwork, a large number of domestic and foreign information has been collected. After careful analysis, research and comparison, it has been carried out.
This research is based on the existing scientific knowledge and systematically applies the risk analysis theory from hazard factors.
It was established that the introduction of assessment, contact assessment, consequence assessment, risk assessment and risk management and other aspects were related.
A risk analysis model for the spread of mad cow disease is formulated. The model includes geographic risk assessment, animal health status, organization source, and so on.
Tissue infection level, processing technology for BSE pathogen clearance and final use of products.
The safety and health condition of animals is emphasized, and more emphasis is placed on analyzing the production and processing technology of animal raw materials to reduce or inactivate the pathogen infectivity of mad cow disease.
In practical applications, it can meet the requirements of the Ministry of health and the General Administration of quality supervision and Quarantine of China concerning the risk of mad cow disease and cosmetics.
The safety evaluation of raw materials "needs to work.
Through risk analysis, this paper theoretically proves the possibility of BSE pathogens spreading through cosmetics.
The ban issued by the Ministry of health should not contain 85 cows in the epidemic area of mad cow disease. The ban on sheep derived ingredients is scientifically based.
According to the different levels of carrying and transmitting BSE infection, 85 types of mad cow disease epidemic areas listed in the Ministry of health in China are presented in this paper.
Bovine and goat derived ingredients can be classified into three categories: high risk substances, moderate hazardous substances and low risk substances.
Risk analysis and assessment. The results of the assessment are as follows:
For highly dangerous substances represented by the brain and spinal cord, they are at great risk of transmitting BSE.
No use.
For low risk substances represented by lanolin and its derivatives, they are mainly used as cosmetic components for external use.
The raw materials from healthy animals are not contaminated by special hazardous substances, and the pH value, temperature and time during processing are all up to date.
Under certain conditions, the risk of transmitting mad cow disease can be basically eliminated.
Moderately dangerous substances contain more complex species, involving 47 components, while the available information is limited.
Some ingredients in the extraction process were analyzed. For the oils used in cosmetics, cattle were removed from the raw materials.
After the special risk substance of sheep, the raw material is cut into a particle not larger than 50mm, and processed under the condition of not less than 133 /3 /20m.
If the content of insoluble impurities in the oils and fats is below 0.15%, there will be no cross contamination during storage and transportation.
This kind of oil is safe. For the gelatin and collagen used in cosmetics, it ensures the safety of raw materials and the production process.
Products that are processed under conditions of special hazardous substances are also considered safe.
Protein, carbohydrates, lipids and biological monomolecular substances are not evaluated completely because of data limitations.
In view of the fact that BSE is a protein, the use of bovine and goat derived protein products in cosmetics has a higher risk of transmitting BSE than other products.
Therefore, we should strictly control the use of egg derived products in cosmetics. Add T. to other products that need to maintain biological activity in l_l_.
Art may not be able to satisfy the requirement of inactivating the pathogen of mad cow disease. It also needs strict control. If there is no special hazardous substance in the raw material, add I
L technology ensures that it reaches the single molecule level (needs confirmation). Other ingredients should be allowed to use except eggs.
This study summarizes the importance of consumers' self-assessment of BSE infection factors in cosmetics.
Item, list the information that cosmetics producers should sell to cosmetics, so that consumers can get better Bai Wobao.
In addition, as far as risk management is concerned, we should learn from other countries' advanced experience, and at the same time, combine our national conditions, earnestly implement various phases.
We should strengthen the management, cut off the transmission routes of mad cow disease, and try to reject the mad cow disease outside the national boundaries.
Key words: risk analysis and research of mad cow disease cosmetics

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類號】：R181.3

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 史喜菊,馬貴平,劉旭輝,李炎鑫,李冰玲,劉全國;使用含牛源蛋白的化妝品傳播vCJD的風(fēng)險評估[J];動物醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)展;2005年11期

2 史喜菊;馬貴平;李冰玲;劉旭輝;李炎鑫;;我國地方品種牛PrP~c基因序列多態(tài)性分析[J];中國獸醫(yī)雜志;2007年05期

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本文編號：1828052