本文選題：計劃免疫　切入點：投入　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2006年碩士論文

【摘要】：根據(jù)1993年世界發(fā)展報告的一份成本—效益評價報告，擴(kuò)大免疫規(guī)劃(Expanded Programme on Immunization，EPI)也被證明是預(yù)防和控制計劃免疫钅，對傳染病最經(jīng)濟(jì)、最有效的公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)干預(yù)項目之一。我國于1978年開始實施計劃免疫，1981年開始推廣EPI活動。山東省計劃免疫工作與全國EPI活動同步進(jìn)行，近20年來取得了顯著成就。從1979年有關(guān)麻疹疫苗的成本效益研究以后，計劃免疫投入—產(chǎn)出的評價研究就一直沒有中斷。從最開始的比較計劃免疫的投入和產(chǎn)出的研究，定性研究、單疫苗單病種分析、小范圍評價和單技術(shù)評價，到現(xiàn)在多模式比較研究、定量研究、多疫苗多病種分析、大范圍評價和多種技術(shù)聯(lián)合分析，計劃免疫的評價研究在各個層次和各個領(lǐng)域內(nèi)均取得了進(jìn)展。幾乎所有的計劃免疫評價研究都證明計劃免疫是一項值得政府大力推廣和投入的公共衛(wèi)生項目。 然而，根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的文獻(xiàn)，除了一項山東省消除脊髓灰質(zhì)炎的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)評價外，還沒有一項研究曾對山東省計劃免疫工作在過去二十年間的投入和產(chǎn)出進(jìn)行綜合評價，這種狀況顯然也落后于全國其他兄弟省市的評價現(xiàn)狀。因此，為了填補關(guān)于山東省計劃免疫投入—產(chǎn)出評價研究的空白，為山東省疾病預(yù)防控制十一五規(guī)劃提供參考依據(jù)，非常有必要對山東省1985～2004年的計劃免疫工作進(jìn)行綜合評價。研究運用成本分析，利用歷史資料從社會效益、技術(shù)效益和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益三個方面綜合二十年來山東省計劃免疫工作取得的成績。 研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：1、山東省計劃免疫投入(支出)呈階段性增長趨勢，按不同的方面劃分又有不同的側(cè)重點，即以鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)投入為主；以培訓(xùn)相關(guān)費用為主；以脊灰疫苗為主；以脊髓灰質(zhì)炎為主。2、計劃免疫產(chǎn)生的三項效益較為顯著：(1)山東省實施EPI活動二十年來各計劃免疫針對傳染病的發(fā)病率和死亡率均被控制在了較低水平。兒童預(yù)防接種覆蓋率不斷上升，，基本做到了適齡兒童按時、足量接種。兒童免疫成功率和人群抗體水平也呈上升趨勢，山東省居民對計劃免疫針
[Abstract]:According to a cost-benefit evaluation report of the 1993 World Development report, expanded Programme on Immunization (EPII) has also proved to be one of the most economical and effective public health intervention programs in the prevention and control of infectious diseases.China began to implement planned immunization in 1978, and began to promote EPI activities in 1981.The planning immunization in Shandong Province has been carried out simultaneously with the national EPI activities, and has made remarkable achievements in the past 20 years.Since the Cost-benefit study on measles Vaccine in 1979, the evaluation of planned immunization input-output has not been interrupted.From the initial comparative planning immunization input and output research, qualitative research, single-vaccine single-disease analysis, small-scale evaluation and single-technology evaluation, to the present multi-model comparative study, quantitative research, multi-vaccine multi-disease analysis,Extensive evaluation and joint analysis of multiple techniques have made progress in evaluation of immunization at all levels and in various fields.Almost all studies on immunization evaluation prove that immunization is a public health project worthy of government promotion and investment.However, according to the existing literature, except for an economic evaluation of polio eradication in Shandong Province, no study has conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the inputs and outputs of planned immunization work in Shandong Province in the past two decades.This situation also obviously lags behind the evaluation status quo of other fraternal provinces and cities across the country.Therefore, in order to fill the blank of the evaluation of the input-output of Shandong Province, and to provide the reference for the 11th Five-Year Plan of Disease Prevention and Control in Shandong Province, it is very necessary to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the planned immunization work in Shandong Province from 1985 to 2004.Cost analysis and historical data are used to study the achievements of Shandong Province in the past twenty years in terms of social benefit, technical benefit and economic benefit.It is found that the expenditure of Shandong Province's planned immunization investment (expenditure) is increasing in different phases, and has different emphases according to different aspects, that is, the township investment is the main input, the training related cost is the main, the polio vaccine is the main part;Poliomyelitis was the main factor, and the three benefits of planned immunization were significant: 1) in the past twenty years, the incidence and mortality of infectious diseases in Shandong province had been controlled at a lower level.The coverage rate of child vaccination has been increasing, and children of school age have been vaccinated on time and in sufficient quantities.The immunization success rate of children and the antibody level of the population were also on the rise, and the residents of Shandong Province had a tendency to plan the immunization needle.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：R186

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