本文選題：學(xué)齡前兒童　切入點(diǎn)：流感疫苗　出處：《第三軍醫(yī)大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的:了解重慶市渝中區(qū)學(xué)齡前兒童流行性感冒(流感)疫苗接種情況,掌握兒童家長對流感疫苗的知曉情況和態(tài)度,分析影響學(xué)齡前兒童流感疫苗接種率的主要因素,為進(jìn)一步推廣流感疫苗提出針對性措施,同時為國家科學(xué)制定有關(guān)策略提供有價值的參考。 方法:流感疫苗接種率調(diào)查采用完全隨機(jī)抽樣方法,抽取重慶市渝中區(qū)22個預(yù)防接種門診2004～2010年出生的學(xué)齡前兒童,收集所有入選對象使用流感疫苗的預(yù)防接種卡資料進(jìn)行研究。流感疫苗接種率影響因素采用定量與定性方法相結(jié)合,從流感疫苗接受方和提供方兩個層面來分析:定量調(diào)查采用分層隨機(jī)抽樣法,抽取各年齡段學(xué)齡前兒童家長進(jìn)行問卷調(diào)查通過單因素和多因素分析方法;定性研究采用目的抽樣法選取接種點(diǎn)醫(yī)生進(jìn)行小組訪談、兒童家長和免疫規(guī)劃專家分別進(jìn)行深入小組訪談。通過上述方法篩選和分析影響渝中區(qū)學(xué)齡前兒童流感疫苗接種率的相關(guān)因素。 結(jié)果:通過對3630名渝中區(qū)出生年份在2004~2010年的兒童流感疫苗接種情況進(jìn)行調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),疫苗的接種率低,全程接種率更低,但總體呈上升趨勢。首針接種月齡為11.13月,首針接種月齡隨年齡增長有延后現(xiàn)象。通過開展流感疫苗接種率的影響因素調(diào)查,從預(yù)防接種的接受方來看,父母學(xué)歷、出生地和胎次對流感疫苗接種有顯著性影響;從預(yù)防接種的提供方來看,醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)人力資源不足,對疫苗知識和信息的宣傳不夠,疫苗價格較高等會制約疫苗的推廣。 結(jié)論:流感疫苗在渝中區(qū)的接種覆蓋水平已逐漸得到提高,目前全區(qū)兒童的全程接種率水平尚不能達(dá)到良好的群體免疫效果和長期保護(hù)力的要求。今后,應(yīng)針對兒童預(yù)防接種工作的提供方和接受方兩方面的影響因素,分別采取有效措施,制定出更加適宜的疫苗推廣策略,切實(shí)提高流感疫苗接種率,更好地保護(hù)全區(qū)兒童健康。
[Abstract]:Objective: to understand the situation of influenza vaccination of preschool children in Yuzhong District of Chongqing, to understand the knowledge and attitude of parents on influenza vaccine, and to analyze the main factors affecting the coverage rate of influenza vaccine for preschool children.In order to further promote influenza vaccine, and provide valuable reference for the national science to formulate relevant strategies.Methods: the total random sampling method was used to investigate the coverage rate of influenza vaccine, and 22 preschool children born in Yuzhong District of Chongqing from 2004 to 2010 were selected, and the data of vaccination cards were collected.The influent factors of influenza vaccine coverage rate were analyzed from two aspects of influenza vaccine recipient and provider by quantitative and qualitative methods: stratified random sampling was used in the quantitative investigation.The parents of preschool children of all ages were investigated by single factor and multivariate analysis. The qualitative study used objective sampling method to select the inoculation point doctor for group interview.Child parents and immunization experts conducted in-depth group interviews.The above methods were used to screen and analyze the related factors affecting the coverage rate of influenza vaccine for preschool children in Yuzhong District.Results: 3630 children born in Yuzhong District from 2004 to 2010 were inoculated with influenza vaccine. The results showed that the vaccination rate was lower and the whole vaccination rate was lower, but the overall trend was on the rise.The age of the first needle inoculation was 11.13 months, and the first needle inoculation age was delayed with the increase of age.By investigating the factors influencing the vaccination rate of influenza vaccine, from the perspective of the recipient of vaccination, the educational background of parents, the place of birth and the number of births have a significant impact on influenza vaccination; from the point of view of the provider of vaccination,The shortage of human resources, the lack of knowledge and information about vaccines, and the high price of vaccines will restrict the promotion of vaccines.Conclusion: the coverage level of influenza vaccine in Yuzhong District has been gradually improved. At present, the whole coverage rate of children in Yuzhong District can not meet the requirements of good group immunization effect and long-term protective power.In the future, effective measures should be taken to formulate more appropriate strategies for the promotion of influenza vaccine in view of the factors affecting both providers and recipients of child vaccination, so as to increase the coverage rate of influenza vaccine.To better protect the health of children throughout the region.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：第三軍醫(yī)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：R186

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