本文關(guān)鍵詞： 血吸蟲(chóng)病 釘螺 地理信息系統(tǒng) 山丘地區(qū)　出處：《大理學(xué)院》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：【目的】 利用GIS、GPS技術(shù)，以及流行病學(xué)的原理與方法，描述和分析彌苴河水系干流與主要支流流經(jīng)地區(qū)的釘螺在時(shí)間、空間上的分布特點(diǎn)以及變化規(guī)律，為山丘型地區(qū)的滅螺與防病工作提出合理的建議。 【材料】 1、收集2005-2011年彌苴河水系流經(jīng)的24個(gè)行政村所轄140個(gè)自然村的螺情資料。 2、收集大理州1：50000電子地圖。 3、下載云南省SRTM-DEM(Digital Elevation Model)數(shù)據(jù)，彌苴河流域地圖、地形圖、衛(wèi)星圖。 【方法】 1、地理信息系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的建立將螺情資料輸入到Excel中建立屬性數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，與自然村經(jīng)、緯度數(shù)據(jù)以及DEM數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)合建立地理信息數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。 2、描述性分析利用ArcGIS10.0、Excel2003描述、分析彌苴河水系流經(jīng)的行政村所轄自然村2005-2011年釘螺時(shí)間、空間分布情況。 3、一般性統(tǒng)計(jì)分析利用ArcGIS10.0、Spss16.0軟件對(duì)彌苴河水系流經(jīng)的行政村所轄自然村釘螺時(shí)間、空間分布特性及規(guī)律進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。 4、地統(tǒng)學(xué)分析依據(jù)地統(tǒng)學(xué)原理，利用ArcGIS10.0對(duì)螺情指標(biāo)與彌苴河水系干、支流在空間上的關(guān)系，，以及各指標(biāo)內(nèi)部與各指標(biāo)之間的相關(guān)性進(jìn)行分析。 【結(jié)果】 1、彌苴河水系釘螺分布較為廣泛，2005-2011年間釘螺面積持續(xù)下降，2005-2008年間下降幅度較大。田地、溝渠等環(huán)境類型有螺面積的構(gòu)成比最大，合計(jì)最大達(dá)到2011年的98.27%。有螺框出現(xiàn)率、活螺平均密度、陽(yáng)性螺密度、自然感染率等指標(biāo)與有螺面積的變化趨勢(shì)基本一致。 2、空間分析結(jié)果表明：存在5個(gè)活螺密度較高的聚集區(qū)域：Ⅰ牛街鄉(xiāng)海西海區(qū)域、Ⅱ三營(yíng)鎮(zhèn)彌茨河段區(qū)域、Ⅲ茈碧湖以南區(qū)域、Ⅳ中所村附近區(qū)域、Ⅴ青索村附近區(qū)域。釘螺密度的聚集情況與自然村、河網(wǎng)等在地理位置上的聚集存在相關(guān)性。在0.01度-0.09度（1048.16米-9433.42米）的距離范圍內(nèi)不存在離散的聚類現(xiàn)象。2009年活螺平均密度、2005年陽(yáng)性螺密度、2006年陽(yáng)性螺密度、2006年自然感染率等指標(biāo)空間聚類性與自相關(guān)性顯著。 3、距離分析結(jié)果表明：87.86％的自然村及84.05％的有螺面積在距離彌苴河水系600米的范圍內(nèi)。 4、高程分析結(jié)果表明：釘螺分布在海拔1966-1992米、2054-2164米兩個(gè)區(qū)域內(nèi)。 5、有螺框出現(xiàn)率Y與海拔X_1建立的模型有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義，方程為Y=-0.287+0.000153X_1（F=10.721，P=0.001，R~2=0.072）�；盥萜骄芏萗與海拔X_1距彌苴河水系的距離X_2所建立的模型具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義，方程為：Y=-0.964+0.000503X_1+13.399X_2（F=4.181，P=0.017，R~2=0.058）。陽(yáng)性螺密度、自然感染率等指標(biāo)與高程、距源頭的距離、距茈碧湖出入水口的距離、距入�？诘木嚯x沒(méi)有明顯的相關(guān)性。 6、獲得彌苴河水系附近自然村螺情密度分析圖、趨勢(shì)面圖、熱點(diǎn)事件圖；彌苴河水系四環(huán)緩沖圖。 【結(jié)論】 1、2005-2011年彌苴河水系附近自然村的各項(xiàng)螺情指標(biāo)持續(xù)下降，螺情得到了有效控制。 2、灌溉溝渠為查滅螺的重點(diǎn)區(qū)域。 3、釘螺分布存在聚集性，Ⅰ牛街鄉(xiāng)海西海區(qū)域、Ⅱ三營(yíng)鎮(zhèn)彌茨河段區(qū)域、Ⅲ茈碧湖出入水口以南區(qū)域、Ⅳ中所村附近區(qū)域、Ⅴ青索村附近區(qū)域等聚集區(qū)域?yàn)椴闇缏莸闹攸c(diǎn)區(qū)域。 4、距離彌苴河水系600米的范圍內(nèi)為釘螺分布的主要區(qū)域，是查滅螺的重點(diǎn)區(qū)域。 5、經(jīng)典統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法結(jié)合地統(tǒng)學(xué)方法可以很好地描述和預(yù)測(cè)釘螺的分布以及變化規(guī)律，可以在較大的尺度與范圍內(nèi)實(shí)時(shí)有效地為血吸蟲(chóng)病防治工作的開(kāi)展和決策的制定提供服務(wù)。
[Abstract]:[Objective]
Using GIS, GPS technology, and the principle and method of epidemiology, description and analysis of Miju River mainstream and major tributaries flowing through the area of Oncomelania in time, distribution characteristics and variation law of space, put forward reasonable suggestions for the hilly area of snail control and prevention work.
[material]
1, 24 administrative villages to collect 2005-2011 Miju river system flows under the jurisdiction of 140 villages of the snail.
2, collect the 1:50000 electronic map of the Dali state.
3, download the SRTM-DEM of Yunnan province (Digital Elevation Model) data, map, Miju River Basin topographic map and satellite map.
[method]
1, the establishment of geographic information system database will input screw information into Excel, establish attribute database, and establish the geographic information database combined with natural village, latitude data and DEM data.
2, descriptive analysis using ArcGIS10.0, Excel2003 description, analysis of Miju river system flows through the administrative villages under the jurisdiction of the natural village 2005-2011 of Oncomelania in time, the distribution of space.
3, a general statistical analysis by ArcGIS10.0, through the Spss16.0 software of Miju river system of administrative villages under the jurisdiction of the village natural snail time, statistical analysis of distribution characteristics and rules of space.
4, based on the analysis of the principle of unity of unity, the use of ArcGIS10.0 on snail indexes and Miju river system, tributary relationship in space, and the correlation between the index of the internal and each index was analyzed.
[results]
1, Miju river snail distribution is more extensive, 2005-2011 years of Oncomelania area continued to decline, 2005-2008 decreased greatly. The fields, ditches and other environmental types of snail areas constitute the largest proportion, the total reached the maximum in 2011 98.27%. snail occurrence rate, the average density of living snails and infected snail density, natural infection rate with the trend of the snail area are basically the same.
2, spatial analysis results show that: there are 5 clusters of living snail density high: 1 Niujie Township West Sea area, three Ying Zhen River area Mici II, III Cibihu south region, near the village of IV, V green cable near the village area. The snail density of aggregate and natural village, river network in the geographical location of the aggregation correlation. In 0.01 degrees -0.09 degrees (1048.16 meters -9433.42 meters) does not exist.2009 clustering phenomenon discrete annual average density of living snails range 2005 positive snail density, density of positive snail in 2006 2006, natural infection rate and other indicators of spatial clustering and self correlation is significant.
3, from the analysis results show that: 87.86% of the 84.05% villages and the snail area in the range of Miju river system of 600 metres.
4, the results of elevation analysis showed that the Oncomelania hupensis was distributed at 1966-1992 meters above sea level and 2054-2164 meters in two regions.
5, a snail rate had a significant elevation of X_1 and Y model, the equation was Y=-0.287+0.000153X_1 (F=10.721, P=0.001, R~2=0.072). With statistical significance, the average density of living snails and Y at X_1 from Miju river system from the X_2 model equation: Y= -0.964+0.000503X_1+13.399X_2 (F=4.181, P=0.017, R~2=0.058). The infected snail density, index and elevation of natural infection rate, from the source of the distance from the Cibihu entry nozzle distance, no obvious correlation between the distance away from the Haikou.
6, get Miju river near the village of natural snail density analysis, trend charts, hot events; Miju river system fourth buffer map.
[Conclusion]
The snail indexes 12005-2011 Miju River nature near the village continued to decline, the snail has been effectively controlled.
2, the irrigation ditch is the key area for the inspection of the snail.
3, there is aggregation of snail distribution, Niujie Xiang Hai West Region II three Ying Zhen Mici River Area III Cibihu and water inlet south region, near the Village IV, V green cable near the village of regional areas gathered in key areas for the snails.
4, range of Miju river system within 600 meters of the main regional distribution of Oncomelania snails, is a key area of snails.
5, the classical statistics method combined with the geological method can well describe and predict the distribution and change rule of snails, which can provide real-time and effective services for schistosomiasis control and decision-making in a larger scale.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：大理學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R184

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