發(fā)布時間：2018-01-19 20:30

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 醫(yī)院檢驗科廢棄標(biāo)本 高壓蒸汽滅菌法 熒光定量PCR檢測法　出處：《南昌大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷進步,在經(jīng)濟持續(xù)發(fā)展的背景下,人們越來越重視個人健康,每年至少一次體檢成為了人們的生活常態(tài)。同時,由于生活條件和環(huán)境變化的影響,導(dǎo)致患乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎、糖尿病以及生殖系統(tǒng)疾病等慢性病的人越來越多,對于這類疾病,醫(yī)學(xué)檢驗伴隨著長期的治療過程。因此,無論是綜合性醫(yī)院還是�？漆t(yī)院,檢驗科的檢驗標(biāo)本數(shù)量都越來越多,而且病原體的類型也越來越復(fù)雜。在我國的城市規(guī)劃建設(shè)中,具有醫(yī)學(xué)檢驗功能的醫(yī)院一般都集中在城市中心區(qū)或者人口聚集區(qū),而專門的醫(yī)療廢物處置中心位置都較偏遠(yuǎn),且處理量有限,因此,這些攜帶大量有害病原體的檢驗科廢棄標(biāo)本在儲存與運輸過程造成的環(huán)境安全問題已經(jīng)逐漸凸顯。本文專門針對綜合性醫(yī)院檢驗科廢棄標(biāo)本的預(yù)處理方法作了詳細(xì)研究,對不同類型的病原體采用含氯消毒液浸泡和高壓蒸汽滅菌法兩種方式的預(yù)處理,然后進行熒光定量PCR(即Polymerase Chain Reaction,聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng))檢測,發(fā)現(xiàn)對革蘭氏陽性菌、革蘭氏陰性菌、支原體、DNA(即Deoxyribonucleic acid,脫氧核糖核酸)病毒和RNA(即Ribonucleic acid,核糖核酸)病毒五種不同類型微生物致病菌來說,兩種預(yù)處理方法均有有效的滅活作用,但高壓蒸汽滅菌法在操作、消耗時間、成本、安全性方面都比化學(xué)消毒預(yù)處理法更有優(yōu)勢。由于含氯消毒液對于操作人員的身心健康及環(huán)境都有一定的危害,且操作時間長,導(dǎo)致很多醫(yī)院都不對檢驗科廢棄標(biāo)本作專門的預(yù)處理。本文探討分析用簡便易行的高壓蒸汽滅菌法作為檢驗科廢棄標(biāo)本預(yù)處理的方式可行性。針對不同醫(yī)院檢驗科廢棄標(biāo)本量,測算高壓蒸汽滅菌法操作成本,同時還應(yīng)該開展更深入的研究,達到推廣高壓蒸汽滅菌法作為醫(yī)院檢驗科廢棄標(biāo)本預(yù)處理的目的。通過本次實驗研究得出以下結(jié)果:1、高壓蒸汽滅菌法對革蘭氏陽性菌、革蘭氏陰性菌、支原體、DNA病毒和RNA病毒的滅活效果均能達到100%。2、高壓蒸汽滅菌法對革蘭氏陽性菌、革蘭氏陰性菌、支原體、DNA病毒和RNA病毒的滅活率達到100%時所需的時間為1~1.5小時,比用濕式化學(xué)消毒預(yù)處理法進行滅菌所用時間縮短了50%以上。3、高壓蒸汽滅菌法對檢驗科廢棄標(biāo)本預(yù)處理的成本極低,為3元/千份標(biāo)本,比濕式化學(xué)消毒預(yù)處理法經(jīng)濟性高。
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress of modern medical technology, people pay more and more attention to personal health under the background of sustained economic development, at least once a year physical examination has become the normal life of people. Chronic diseases such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, diabetes, and reproductive system diseases are more and more common as a result of changes in living conditions and the environment. Medical examination is accompanied by a long-term treatment process. Therefore, whether in general hospitals or specialized hospitals, the number of laboratory specimens is increasing. And the types of pathogens are becoming more and more complex. In the urban planning and construction of our country, the hospitals with the function of medical testing are generally concentrated in the urban center or population gathering areas. Specialized medical waste disposal centres are located in remote locations and have limited disposal capacity, so. The environmental safety problems caused by the storage and transportation of these discarded specimens from laboratory departments carrying a large number of harmful pathogens have been gradually highlighted. This paper specifically deals with the pretreatment methods of discarded specimens from laboratory departments of general hospitals. Research. Different pathogens were pretreated with chlorinated disinfectant solution and high pressure steam sterilization. Then fluorescence quantitative PCR (Polymerase Chain reaction, polymerase chain reaction) was used to detect Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. Mycoplasma DNA (i.e. Deoxyribonucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid) virus and RNAs (Ribonucleic acid). Ribonucleic acid) virus five different types of microbial pathogens, the two pretreatment methods have effective inactivation, but high-pressure steam sterilization in operation, consumption of time, cost. Because chlorine disinfectant solution is harmful to operators' physical and mental health and environment, and the operation time is long. As a result, many hospitals do not make special pretreatment of waste specimens from laboratory departments. This paper discusses the feasibility of using simple and convenient high-pressure steam sterilization method as the preprocessing method of waste specimens in laboratory departments. Waste specimens of the family. The operating cost of high pressure steam sterilization method should be calculated, and more in-depth research should be carried out at the same time. The purpose of popularizing the high pressure steam sterilization method as the pretreatment of waste specimen in the laboratory department of hospital is to get the following results: 1. High pressure steam sterilization method for Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. The inactivation effect of mycoplasma virus and RNA virus can reach 100. 2. The method of high pressure steam sterilization was used to treat Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and Mycoplasma. The inactivation rate of DNA virus and RNA virus was 1 / 1. 5 hours, which was 50% or more shorter than that of wet chemical disinfection pretreatment. The cost of pretreatment of waste samples by high pressure steam sterilization is very low, which is 3 yuan / 1000, which is more economical than that of wet chemical disinfection pretreatment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：R187

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本文編號：1445444