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  本文關鍵詞：寧夏居民期望壽命及其影響因素研究　出處：《寧夏醫(yī)科大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 期望壽命 危險因素 人群歸因分值 慢性非傳染性疾病 寧夏

【摘要】：目的了解寧夏居民期望壽命，定量研究影響居民期望壽命的主要危險因素，為降低我區(qū)疾病負擔，提高人群期望壽命，制定主要危險因素的防控策略和措施提供科學依據(jù)。 方法根據(jù)寧夏2010年居民死亡監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)，在全區(qū)開展死亡漏報調(diào)查，結合死亡漏報率計算人群期望壽命；使用多階段抽樣，用問卷調(diào)查及實驗室檢測獲得影響期望壽命的主要危險因素人群暴露率，結合文獻采用歸因法計算人群歸因分值（PAF），并計算去高危因素人群期望壽命增壽年數(shù)。 結果1.全區(qū)2009～2012年死因漏報率22.202%，，五個市死亡漏報率差異有統(tǒng)計學意義（χ~2=69.137，P=0.0000.05），其中固原市死亡漏報率最高，銀川市死亡漏報率最低；2010年寧夏粗死亡率339.55/10萬（標化死亡率332.89/10萬），男性高于女性（χ~2=938.436，P=0.0000.05），調(diào)整后死亡率436.45/10萬（標化死亡率427.89/10萬）；死因以慢病為主，占主要死因80.06%，隨年齡增加占全死因比例增加，死因前五位疾病依次是心血管疾病、慢性肺疾病、道路交通事故、慢性胃疾病、肝及膽管癌；人群期望壽命調(diào)整前77.76歲（男性75.10歲，80.00歲），調(diào)整后人群期望壽命75.4歲（男性72.99歲，女性78.15歲）。 2.心血管疾病的主要危險因素（人群暴露率、人群歸因分值）為：吸煙（12.60%、0.09）、飲酒（9.60%、0.01）、高血壓（19.60%、0.19）、糖尿�。�2.60%、0.04）、BMI異常（7.20%、0.03）、血脂異常（32.40%、0.40）、睡眠不足（36.40%、0.23）；慢性肺疾病的主要危險因素（人群暴露率、人群歸因分值）為：吸煙（12.60%、0.37）、被動吸煙（58.20%、0.15）；慢性胃疾病的主要危險因素（人群暴露率、人群歸因分值）為：吸煙（12.60%、0.19）、飲酒（9.60%、0.12）、喜食腌制食品（38.60%、0.54）、經(jīng)常攝入燙食（6.10%、0.08）、飲食不規(guī)律（12.10%、0.14）、從不飲茶（12.30%、0.05）、新鮮蔬菜水果攝入不足（34.48%、0.44）、鈣攝入不足（2.3%、0.02）、缺乏體育鍛煉（11.20%、0.06）、喜食油炸食品（23.10%、0.00）、喜食煙熏食品（5.10%、0.23）；肝及膽管癌的主要危險因素（人群暴露率、人群歸因分值）為：吸煙（12.60%、0.05）、飲酒（9.60%、0.04）、喜食腌制食品（38.60%、0.31）、從不飲茶（8.90%、0.03）、蔬菜水果攝入不足（34.48%、0.10）、缺乏體育鍛煉（11.20%、0.10）。 3.影響期望壽命主要高危因素，去除這些高危因素人群期望壽命可以提高10.85歲。這些因素包括：吸煙（1.65歲）、血脂異常（1.41歲）、蔬菜水果攝入不足（0.95歲）、睡眠不足（0.90歲）、飲酒（0.85歲）、高血壓（0.79歲）、BMI異常（0.63歲）、喜食腌制食品（0.60歲）、缺乏體育鍛煉（0.56歲）、從不飲茶（0.55歲）、被動吸煙（0.38歲）、糖尿�。�0.37歲）、喜食煙熏食品（0.34歲）、經(jīng)常攝入燙食（0.29歲）、攝入鈣不足（0.26歲）。去除前五位因素，人群期望壽命可以提高5.86歲。 結論寧夏人群死亡以慢性病為主，人群期望壽命有很大的提升空間，針對影響期望壽命的主要危險因素采取干預措施，可以顯著降低我區(qū)疾病負擔，提高人群期望壽命。
[Abstract]:Objective to understand the life expectancy of residents in Ningxia and to study quantitatively the main risk factors affecting the life expectancy of residents in order to reduce the burden of disease and improve the life expectancy of the population. To establish prevention and control strategies and measures of main risk factors to provide scientific basis. Methods based on the death surveillance data of residents in Ningxia on 2010, a survey was carried out on the missing death report in the whole area, and the life expectancy of the population was calculated in combination with the rate of death missing report. The population exposure rate of the main risk factors affecting life expectancy was obtained by questionnaire survey and laboratory test using multi-stage sampling, and the population attribution score was calculated by using attribution method combined with the literature (PAF). The number of years of life expectancy in the population with no high risk factors was calculated. Results 1. The rate of underreporting of death was 22.2022 in the whole district from 2009 to 2012. There was significant difference in the rate of underreporting of death among the five cities (蠂 2 / 69.137). Among them, Guyuan City had the highest rate of missing the report of death, and Yinchuan City had the lowest rate of missing report of death. In 2010, the crude mortality rate of Ningxia was 339.55 / 100,000 (standardized mortality rate was 332.89 / 100,000), which was higher in males than in females (蠂 ~ (2 / 2) 938.436). The adjusted mortality rate was 436.45% / 100 000 (standardized mortality rate 427.89% / 100 000). The main causes of death were chronic diseases, which accounted for 80.06% of the main causes of death. With the increase of age, the proportion of the total causes of death increased. The top five causes of death were cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, road traffic accident, chronic stomach disease. Liver and bile duct cancer; The mean life expectancy was 77.76 years before adjustment (75.10 years for males and 80.00 years for males), and 75.4 years (72.99 years for males and 78.15 years for females) after adjustment. 2. The main risk factors of cardiovascular disease (population exposure rate, population attribution score) were as follows: smoking 12.60%, drinking 9.60% 0.01). Hypertension 19.60% 0.19%, diabetes 2.60% 0.04% BMI 7.20%, dyslipidemia 32.40% 0.40). Lack of sleep 36.40 and 0.23; The main risk factors of chronic lung disease (population exposure rate, population attribution score) were: smoking 12.60% 0.37%, passive smoking 58.20% 0.15%; The main risk factors of chronic gastric disease (population exposure rate, population attribution score) were: smoking 12.60% 0.19%, drinking 9.60% 0.12). I like to eat pickled food (38.60) 0.54%, eat hot food 6.10% (0.08%), eat food irregularly (12.10%) 0.14%, and never drink tea (12.30%). The intake of fresh vegetables and fruits was 0. 44%, the calcium intake was 2. 3% and 0. 02%, and the lack of physical exercise was 11. 20% and 0. 06%). I like to eat fried food (23.1010) and smoked food (5.10100.23C). The main risk factors of liver and cholangiocarcinoma (population exposure rate, population attribution score) were: smoking 12.60%, drinking 9.60% 0.04). They like to eat pickled food 38.60 and 0.31%, never drink tea 8.90 and 0.03%, and have insufficient intake of vegetables and fruits (34.48% 0.10). The lack of physical exercise is 11.20% and 0.10%. 3. The main risk factors affecting life expectancy were: smoking 1.65 years, dyslipidemia 1.41 years). The intake of vegetables and fruits was 0.95 years old, sleep was 0.90 years old, alcohol consumption was 0.85 years old, hypertension was 0.79 years old and BMI was 0.63 years old. They are 0.60 years old, 0.56 years old without physical exercise, 0.55 years old never drink tea, 0.38 years old in passive smoking and 0.37 years old in diabetes mellitus. It was 0.34 years old for smoked food, 0.29 years old for hot food and 0.26 years old for calcium deficiency. After removing the first five factors, the life expectancy of the population could be increased by 5.86 years. Conclusion chronic diseases are the leading cause of death in Ningxia population, and there is great room for improvement of life expectancy. Intervention measures aimed at the main risk factors affecting life expectancy can significantly reduce the burden of disease in Ningxia. Improve the life expectancy of the population.
【學位授予單位】：寧夏醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R181.3

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