【摘要】：背景口腔健康是組成人體健康的重要成分,良好的口腔健康知識、信念及行為對于保持個人口腔健康具有重要的意義[1]。中學時期是青少年口腔健康形成的關鍵時期,不僅包括掌握正確的口腔健康知識,還有良好的口腔衛(wèi)生行為。同時,中學生由于處于身心發(fā)育的快速發(fā)展階段,所以預防口腔疾病發(fā)生,保持良好的口腔健康衛(wèi)生習慣是不可或缺的環(huán)節(jié),突顯掌握正確口腔健康知識,形成良好的口腔健康信念和行為的重要性[2]。在過去的研究中,針對相同城市或鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)中學生口腔知識、信念和口腔健康衛(wèi)生行為的調(diào)查做了大量工作,但針對相同地區(qū)城市和鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)中學生口腔知識、信念和口腔健康行為的差異性研究卻不足。研究目的對城鄉(xiāng)12-15歲中學生對口腔健康知識知曉率及信念和行為情況的調(diào)查,分析城鄉(xiāng)中學生口腔健康知識知曉率及信念和行為情況的差異,為展開城鄉(xiāng)中學生口腔教育和預防保健工作提供科學依據(jù)。方法本研究根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)《口腔健康調(diào)查基本方法》[3]及參考第三次全國口腔流行病學抽樣調(diào)查問卷,采用自制調(diào)查問卷。隨機對城鄉(xiāng)在校12-15歲中學生810人(城市中學生489人,鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)中學生321人),采用整群抽樣法(要求入選12-15歲中學生為當?shù)鼐幼∵_5年以上的常住人口)進行問卷調(diào)查。問卷由被調(diào)查者現(xiàn)場填寫,立即回收。調(diào)查內(nèi)容主要包括口腔健康知曉情況、口腔健康信念和口腔衛(wèi)生行為。用Excel軟件建立數(shù)據(jù)庫錄入數(shù)據(jù),采用采用Epi Data 3.0軟件對數(shù)據(jù)進行錄入,然后再次重復錄入,以保證數(shù)據(jù)準確性,發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤后及時糾正或刪除數(shù)據(jù)。用SPSS 17.0軟件分析,計數(shù)資料進行χ2檢驗,P0.05具有統(tǒng)計學意義。結果在“吃糖會引起齲病”和“預防牙病首先要靠自己”兩個問題上,城鄉(xiāng)中學生有很高的正確率,分別為98.57%和95.33%,96.93%和94.70%,兩者之間差異無統(tǒng)計學意義。在“細菌引起齲齒”、“口腔疾病影響全身健康”、“定期口腔檢查是十分必要的”和“窩溝封閉能夠保護牙齒”等4個問題上,城市中學生的正確率高于鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)中學生,均表現(xiàn)為鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)口腔知識知曉情況較低,差異均具有統(tǒng)計學意義。城市和鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)每天含氟牙膏使用次數(shù)相比較,鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)次數(shù)較低,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。城市和鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)中學生每天刷牙次數(shù)、每天牙線使用次數(shù)相比較,鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)中學生次數(shù)較低,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。結論本問卷調(diào)查結果顯示城鄉(xiāng)12-15歲中學生對口腔健康知識知曉率及信念和行為有較大差異,城鄉(xiāng)中學生均有口腔健康知識知曉率認知不足、口腔健康信念差和口腔健康行為欠規(guī)范,應加強對中學生口腔健康知信行的指導。應根據(jù)不同的家庭狀況,學校背景和地區(qū)差異,有計劃、有針對性的采取不同的宣教方法,制定各有特色的教育方案供學校老師及衛(wèi)生工作者參考,加強對學生的口腔健康教育,促進學生的口腔健康狀況的改善。
[Abstract]:Background Oral health is an important component of human health. Good oral health knowledge, beliefs and behaviors are of great significance for personal oral health [1]. Middle school is the key period for the formation of oral health, including not only mastering correct oral health knowledge, but also good oral hygiene behavior. At the same time, because middle school students are in the stage of rapid development of body and mind, it is indispensable to prevent oral diseases and maintain good oral health habits, which highlights the importance of mastering correct oral health knowledge. Importance of developing good oral health beliefs and behaviors [2]. In past studies, a great deal of work has been done on oral knowledge, beliefs and oral health behaviors of middle school students in the same cities or towns, but on the oral knowledge of middle school students in the same cities and towns. The difference between belief and oral health behavior is not enough. Objective to investigate the awareness rate, belief and behavior of oral health knowledge among middle school students aged 12-15 years in urban and rural areas, and to analyze the differences in oral health knowledge awareness and belief and behavior between urban and rural middle school students. To provide scientific basis for oral education and preventive health care of middle school students in urban and rural areas. Methods according to the World Health Organization (WHO) (WHO) basic methods of Oral Health Survey [3] and the third National Oral Epidemiology sampling questionnaire, a self-made questionnaire was used. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 810 middle school students aged 12 to 15 years (489 middle school students in cities and 321 middle school students in towns) in urban and rural areas. The questionnaire was filled out by the respondents on the spot and recovered immediately. The survey included oral health awareness, oral health beliefs and oral hygiene behavior. Excel software is used to establish database input data, Epi Data 3.0 software is used to input data, and then repeated input to ensure the accuracy of the data, correct or delete the data in time after finding errors. SPSS 17.0 software analysis, count data for 蠂 2 test, P0.05 has statistical significance. Results on the two issues of "caries caused by eating sugar" and "preventing dental diseases by themselves first", middle school students in urban and rural areas had a high accuracy rate of 98.57% and 95.33% 96.93% and 94.70%, respectively. There was no statistical difference between the two. On the questions of "bacteria cause dental caries", "oral diseases affect the health of the whole body", "regular oral examination is very necessary" and "pit and groove sealing can protect teeth", the correct rate of urban middle school students is higher than that of township middle school students. All of them showed that the knowledge of stomatology was low, and the difference was statistically significant. The frequency of fluoride toothpaste used in cities and towns was lower than that in villages and towns, and the difference was statistically significant. The frequency of middle school students brushing teeth and flossing every day was lower than that of town middle school students, and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion the results of this questionnaire survey show that there are great differences in the awareness rate, belief and behavior of oral health knowledge among middle school students aged 12-15 years in urban and rural areas, and the awareness rate of oral health knowledge in both urban and rural middle school students is insufficient. Poor oral health belief and poor oral health behavior should be strengthened to guide the oral health knowledge and behavior of middle school students. According to different family conditions, school background and regional differences, different educational methods should be adopted in a planned and targeted manner, and special educational programs should be developed for the reference of school teachers and health workers. Strengthen the oral health education to promote the improvement of oral health.
【學位授予單位】：安徽醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R780.1
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本文編號：2335997