【摘要】：目的：本研究對不同年齡正常（牙合）人群休息位與姿勢性微笑位面像進(jìn)行測量，，旨在探討隨年齡增長，人們在休息位與姿勢性微笑位時口周軟組織的變化，比較口周軟組織增齡性變化的性別差異，從而為正畸臨床的檢查、診斷、制定治療計劃和療效評估提供有價值的參考依據(jù)。 方法： 1樣本選擇與分組 分別在石家莊市師大附中高中生、河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)生、河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)口腔醫(yī)院正畸科患者家長中進(jìn)行普查。樣本的納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為：年齡15-49歲，河北籍，漢族；牙列完整，屬于個別正常（牙合）；無正畸治療史；無修復(fù)治療史；無面部畸形；無頜面部手術(shù)史及外傷史。選取受試者240例，根據(jù)年齡分為4組， Group115-19（17.1±1.4）歲，Group220-29（24.7±2.5）歲，Group330-39（35.9±1.7）歲，Group440-49（46.2±2.1）歲，每組男女各30人。 2面像拍攝 所選240例受試者取端坐位，目視正前方，眶耳平面與地平面平行，刻度尺固定于受試者左側(cè)，刻度尺平面與受試者口角連線平行且在同一平面。囑受試者先放松，口唇自然閉合，達(dá)到休息位，然后引導(dǎo)其自然微笑，如微笑不自然則可發(fā)英文字母“E”音進(jìn)行微笑練習(xí)，直至達(dá)到姿勢性微笑位。將相機設(shè)置為攝像模式，對受試者休息位及姿勢性微笑位過程進(jìn)行攝像，拍攝時間為10-15秒。將所拍攝的視頻短片導(dǎo)入到電腦中，通過暴風(fēng)影音播放器播放，從中選取最具代表性的休息位與姿勢性微笑位圖片兩張，以JPG格式存于文件下，通過ACDSee5.0對圖片進(jìn)行編輯，裁剪后只留取口周部分，并保存。 3數(shù)據(jù)測量 運行Smile Measure軟件，選取要測量的休息位圖片一張，在初始設(shè)置中首先對年齡組和性別進(jìn)行設(shè)置，然后通過刻度尺進(jìn)行比例設(shè)置，即選取刻度尺上任意一段距離并輸入其實際長度（mm），得出圖片中刻度尺與實際刻度尺長度之間的比例。根據(jù)比例信息，對休息位3項測量項目進(jìn)行測量。繼續(xù)運行Smile Measure軟件，選取同一人姿勢性微笑位圖片一張，以同樣方法進(jìn)行比例設(shè)置后，對姿勢性微笑位11項測量項目進(jìn)行測量。保存數(shù)據(jù)成功后，軟件根據(jù)同一年齡組和性別將各測量項目自動保存至.csv(逗號分割文檔)文件內(nèi)，重置所有數(shù)據(jù)后可對下一圖片進(jìn)行測量。 各測量項目測量方法 休息位： 上唇長度：鼻下點到上唇下緣最低點的垂距。 上唇厚度：上唇唇峰最高點到上唇下緣最低點的垂距。 口角寬度：一側(cè)口角到另一側(cè)口角的距離。 微笑位： 上唇長度：鼻下點到上唇下緣最低點的垂距。 上唇長度變化量：休息位上唇長度-微笑位上唇長度。 上唇厚度：上唇唇峰最高點到上唇下緣最低點的垂距。 上唇厚度變化量：休息位上唇厚度-微笑位上唇厚度。 口角寬度：一側(cè)口角到另一側(cè)口角的距離。 口角寬度變化量：微笑位口角寬度-休息位口角寬度。 上下唇間隙：上唇下緣最低點與下唇上緣最高點間距離。 微笑指數(shù)：口角寬度/上下唇間隙。 上頜中切牙暴露量：上頜中切牙垂直暴露長度。 頰旁間隙：微笑時露出的最遠(yuǎn)中牙齒頰側(cè)與嘴角之間的間隙，測量采用面積比，即雙側(cè)頰旁間隙面積總和與微笑面積之比。 微笑高度：根據(jù)微笑時上頜切牙暴露程度將微笑分為3類：1）高位微笑：微笑時暴露全部上頜切牙牙冠和部分牙齦；2）中位微笑：微笑時暴露75%-100%的上頜切牙牙冠；3）低位微笑：微笑時暴露小于75%的上頜切牙牙冠。 統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理：所有數(shù)據(jù)均采用SPSS18.0統(tǒng)計軟件包進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析，所有統(tǒng)計分析均以P0.05為具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。 結(jié)果： 1前后測量數(shù)據(jù)差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義，P＞0.05。 2各項測量數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計描述結(jié)果： 休息位上唇長度G1、G2、G3、G4組男性分別為23.17±1.30mm、23.28±1.92mm、23.88±0.85mm、25.09±1.24mm，女性分別為21.36±2.02mm、21.69±1.65mm、22.69±0.99mm、22.94±1.29mm，各組男女性別差異均具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P＜0.05），男性G1和G3、G1和G4、G2和G4、G3和G4組間差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P＜0.05），女性G1和G3、G1和G4、G2和G3、G2和G4組間差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P＜0.05）。 微笑位上唇長度G1、G2、G3、G4組男性分別為18.45±1.37mm、18.72±1.90mm、19.57±0.98mm、19.82±1.50mm，女性分別為17.22±1.70mm、17.65±1.44mm、18.76±0.74mm、19.06±1.06mm，各組男女性別差異均具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P＜0.05），男性G1和G3、G1和G4、G2和G3、G2和G4組間差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P＜0.05），女性G1和G3、G1和G4、G2和G3、G2和G4組間差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P＜0.05）。 上唇長度變化量G1、G2、G3、G4組男性分別4.72±1.25mm、4.55±1.33mm、4.31±1.05mm、5.27±1.12mm，女性分別為4.14±1.04mm、4.03±1.25mm、3.93±0.96mm、3.88±0.87mm，G4組男女性別差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P＜0.05），其余各組內(nèi)及組間差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P＞0.05）。 休息位上唇厚度G1、G2、G3、G4組男性分別為8.30±1.30mm、8.22±0.75mm、7.92±0.75mm、7.85±0.76mm，女性分別為8.40±1.09mm、8.36±1.26mm、8.19±0.73mm、7.92±0.78mm，各組內(nèi)男女性別差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P＞0.05），G1和G4、G2和G4組間差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P＜0.05）。 微笑位上唇厚度G1、G2、G3、G4組男性分別為5.57±1.15mm、5.56±0.90mm、5.50±0.80mm、5.37±0.76mm，女性分別為5.87±0.75mm、5.64±1.12mm、5.53±0.92mm、5.40±0.79mm，各組內(nèi)男女性別差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P＞0.05），G1和G4組間差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P＜0.05）。 上唇厚度變化量G1、G2、G3、G4組男性分別為2.73±1.03mm、2.66±0.59mm、2.42±0.64mm、2.48±0.59mm，女性分別為2.53±0.92mm、2.73±0.95mm、2.66±0.58mm、2.51±0.58mm，男女性別差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P＞0.05），組間差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P＞0.05）。 休息位口角寬度G1、G2、G3、G4組男性分別為48.67±1.82mm、49.62±1.18mm、50.18±1.53mm、51.76±1.70mm，女性分別為48.40±2.59mm、48.71±1.78mm、49.59±1.19mm、50.25±1.50mm，G2、G4組男女性別差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P＜0.05)，男性G1和G2、G1和G3、G1和G4、G2和G4、G3和G4組間差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P＜0.05)，女性G1和G3、G1和G4、G2和G4組間差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P＜0.05)。 微笑位口角寬度G1、G2、G3、G4組男性分別為60.79±3.91mm、60.83±2.36mm、61.04±1.94mm、61.34±3.25mm，女性分別為60.81±3.22mm、60.96±3.72mm、61.14±2.98mm、61.56±3.69mm，各組內(nèi)男女性別差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P＞0.05），組間差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P＞0.05）。 口角寬度變化量G1、G2、G3、G4組男性分別為12.13±3.90mm、11.21±2.69mm、10.86±1.32mm、9.58±3.34mm，女性分別為12.41±1.99mm、12.25±3.30mm、11.55±3.03mm、11.31±4.15mm，各組內(nèi)男女性別差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P＞0.05），G1和G4、G2和G4組間差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P＜0.05）。 上頜牙齒暴露量G1、G2、G3、G4組男性分別為9.65±0.85mm、9.06±0.70mm、8.36±1.56mm、7.97±1.23mm，女性分別為9.92±0.62mm、9.21±0.64mm、8.45±1.32mm、8.39±0.87mm，各組內(nèi)男女性別差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P＞0.05），G1和G2、G1和G3、G1和G4、G2和G3、G2和G4組間差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P＜0.05）。 上下唇間隙G1、G2、G3、G4組男性分別為11.34±1.93mm、11.07±1.00mm、10.80±1.42mm、10.21±1.39mm，女性分別為11.69±1.21mm、11.50±1.65mm、10.90±1.38mm、10.54±1.28mm，各組內(nèi)男女性別差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P＞0.05），G1和G3、G1和G4、G2和G4組間差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P＜0.05）。 微笑指數(shù)G1、G2、G3、G4組男性分別為5.52±1.01、5.53±0.49、5.74±0.75、6.11±0.82，女性分別為5.26±0.63、5.40±0.80、5.69±0.74、5.92±0.78，各組內(nèi)男女性別差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P＞0.05），G1和G3、G1和G4、G2和G4、G3和G4組間差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P＜0.05）。 頰旁間隙G1、G2、G3、G4組男性分別為5.09±1.53%、6.07±1.34%、6.88±1.16%、7.14±1.40%，女性分別為5.44±1.32%、6.38±1.29%、7.29±1.31%、7.44±1.12%，各組內(nèi)男女性別差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P＞0.05)，G1和G2、G1和G3、G1和G4、G2和G3、G2和G4組間差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P＜0.05)。 微笑高度G1、G2、G3、G4組高中低位微笑類型男女性別差異均具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P＜0.05)。 結(jié)論： 隨年齡增長，休息位時上唇長度變長，嘴唇變薄，微笑時口周水平向變寬，垂直向變窄，頰旁間隙變大，更趨于低位微笑。相同年齡人群的唇齒關(guān)系具有性別差異。
[Abstract]:Objective: the purpose of this study was to measure the rest and postural facial image of the normal (occlusal) people of different ages. The purpose of this study was to explore the changes in the soft tissue of the mouth and the postural smile at the rest and the postural smile, and to compare the gender differences in the aging of the soft tissue in the oral soft tissues, and to make the orthodontic clinical examination, diagnosis and treatment. It provides valuable reference for plan and curative effect evaluation.
Method:
1 sample selection and grouping
In Shijiazhuang Normal University, students from the Middle School of Shijiazhuang Normal University, students from Hebei Medical University and the parents of orthodontic orthodontic Department of Hebei Medical University, the standard of the sample is: age 15-49, Hebei nationality, Han nationality; complete dentition; no history of orthodontic treatment; no history of repair and treatment; no facial deformity; 240 subjects were divided into 4 groups according to age, Group115-19 (17.1 + 1.4) years, Group220-29 (24.7 + 2.5) years, Group330-39 (35.9 + 1.7) years, Group440-49 (46.2 + 2.1) years, and each group 30 in each group.
2 face shooting
240 subjects were chosen to take the seat, visual front, parallel to the ground plane, and the scale was fixed to the left side of the subjects. The scale plane was parallel to the speaker's angle line and on the same plane. The subjects were asked to relax first, and the lips were naturally closed to the rest, and then they guide their natural smile, if the smile was unnatural, the English could be sent English. The letter "E" has a smile practice until it reaches a postural smile. The camera is set as a camera mode to take a camera on the rest of the subjects and the postural smile. The shooting time is 10-15 seconds. The video is introduced into the computer, and the most representative rest is selected from the storm video player. Two pictures of bit and postural smile bit are saved in JPG format under the file. The pictures are edited by ACDSee 5.0. After clipping, only the perioral part is taken and saved.
3 data measurement
Smile Measure software is used to select a picture of the rest picture to be measured. In the initial setting, the age group and the sex are set first, and then the scale is set by the scale, that is to select the distance on the scale and input the actual length (mm), and the ratio between the scale of the scale and the length of the actual scale is obtained. According to the proportional information, the 3 items of the resting position were measured. The Smile Measure software was continued and the same person's postural smile bit picture was selected. After the same method, the postural smile position was measured in 11 items. After the preservation of the data, the software was used to measure the items according to the same age group and sex. Automatically save to.Csv (comma separated document) file, reset all data, the next image can be measured.
Measurement methods for each measurement project
Resting position:
The length of the upper lip: the vertical distance from the inferior nasal point to the lowest point of the lower lip of the upper lip.
The thickness of the upper lip: the vertical distance from the highest point of the upper lip to the lowest point of the upper lip.
Width of corners: the distance from one side to the other side.
Smile position:
The length of the upper lip: the vertical distance from the inferior nasal point to the lowest point of the lower lip of the upper lip.
Length of upper lip length: upper lip length of resting position - upper lip length of smile position.
The thickness of the upper lip: the vertical distance from the highest point of the upper lip to the lowest point of the upper lip.
Thickness change of upper lip: upper lip thickness of rest position smile position upper lip thickness.
Width of corners: the distance from one side to the other side.
Width of mouth width: smile angle width - rest angle width.
Upper and lower lip spaces: the lowest point between the lower lip of the upper lip and the highest point on the upper edge of the lower lip.
The smile index: the width of the mouth / the upper and lower lip.
Exposure of maxillary central incisors: vertical exposure length of maxillary central incisors.
Paracalcal space: the gap between the farthest middle teeth and the corners of the mouth when smiling, measuring the ratio of the area to the area, that is, the ratio of the total area of the bilateral paracheal space to the smile area.
Smile height: according to the exposure of the maxillary incisors when the smile is smiling, the smile is divided into 3 categories: 1) high smile: the smile exposes the crown of the maxillary incisor and the part of the gums; 2) the middle smile: the smile exposes the maxillary incisor crown with the smile; 3) the low smile: the smile exposes the crown of the maxillary incisor smaller than 75% when smiling.
Statistical processing: All data were analyzed by SPSS18.0 statistical software package, and all statistical analysis were statistically significant with P 0.05.
Result:
There was no significant difference in the measurement data before and after 1, P > 0.05.
2 the results of the statistical description of the measured data:
The length of the upper lip of the rest G1, G2, G3, G4 group were 23.17 + 1.30mm, 23.28 + 1.92mm, 23.88 + 0.85mm, 25.09 + 1.24mm. The females were 21.36 + 2.02mm, 21.69 + 1.65mm, 22.69 + 0.99mm, and 22.94 + 1.29mm. The gender differences of men and women in each group were statistically significant (0.05). Academic meaning (P < 0.05), the difference between female G1 and G3, G1 and G4, G2 and G3, G2 and G4 was statistically significant (P < 0.05).
The length of the smiling upper lip, G1, G2, G3, and G4, were 18.45 + 1.37mm, 18.72 + 1.90mm, 19.57 + 0.98mm, 19.82 + 1.50mm. The females were 17.22 + 1.70mm, 17.65 + 1.44mm, 18.76 + 0.74mm, 19.06 + 1.06mm. The gender differences of men and women were statistically significant (0.05). Academic meaning (P < 0.05), the difference between female G1 and G3, G1 and G4, G2 and G3, G2 and G4 was statistically significant (P < 0.05).
The length changes of the upper lip, G1, G2, G3, and G4 were 4.72 + 1.25mm, 4.55 + 1.33mm, 4.31 + 1.05mm, 5.27 + 1.12mm, and 4.14 + 1.04mm, 4.03 + 1.25mm, 3.93 + 0.96mm and 3.88 + 0.87mm. The gender differences between men and women were statistically significant (0.05), and there was no significant difference between the other groups and groups (0.05).
The thickness of the upper lip of the rest G1, G2, G3, and G4 was 8.30 + 1.30mm, 8.22 + 0.75mm, 7.92 + 0.75mm, 7.85 + 0.76mm. The female was 8.40 + 1.09mm, 8.36 + 1.26mm, 8.19 + 0.73mm and 7.92 + 0.78mm. There was no statistically significant difference between the male and female sex (0.05).
The thickness of the smiling upper lip, G1, G2, G3, and G4, were 5.57 + 1.15mm, 5.56 + 0.90mm, 5.50 + 0.80mm, 5.37 + 0.76mm. The females were 5.87 + 0.75mm, 5.64 + 1.12mm, 5.53 + 0.92mm and 5.40 + 0.79mm. There was no statistically significant difference between the male and female sex (0.05). The differences between the groups were statistically significant (0.05).
The changes in the thickness of the upper lip, G1, G2, G3, and G4 were 2.73 + 1.03mm, 2.66 + 0.59mm, 2.42 + 0.64mm, 2.48 + 0.59mm, and 2.53 + 0.92mm, 2.73 + 0.95mm, 2.66 + 0.58mm and 2.51 + 0.58mm. There was no statistically significant difference between men and women (0.05), and there was no statistical significance (0.05).
The rest width G1, G2, G3, G4 group were 48.67 + 1.82mm, 49.62 + 1.18mm, 50.18 + 1.53mm, 51.76 + 1.70mm. Women were 48.40 + 2.59mm, 48.71 + 1.78mm, 49.59 + 1.19mm, 50.25 + 1.50mm. Statistical significance (P < 0.05), the difference between female G1 and G3, G1 and G4, G2 and G4 was statistically significant (P < 0.05).
The widths of G1, G2, G3 and G4 were 60.79 + 3.91mm, 60.83 + 2.36mm, 61.04 + 1.94mm and 61.34 + 3.25mm, respectively. The females were 60.81 + 3.22mm, 60.96 + 3.72mm, 61.14 + 2.98mm and 61.56 + 3.69mm. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in each group (0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups (0.05).
G1, G2, G3, and G4 group were 12.13 + 3.90mm, 11.21 + 2.69mm, 10.86 + 1.32mm, 9.58 + 3.34mm, respectively, 12.41 + 1.99mm, 12.25 + 3.30mm, 11.55 + 3.03mm, 11.31 + 4.15mm.
The exposure of the maxillary teeth, G1, G2, G3, and G4, were 9.65 + 0.85mm, 9.06 + 0.70mm, 8.36 + 1.56mm, 7.97 + 1.23mm. Women were 9.92 + 0.62mm, 9.21 + 0.64mm, 8.45 + 1.32mm, 8.39 + 0.87mm. < 0.05).
The male and lower lip G1, G2, G3, and G4 group were 11.34 + 1.93mm, 11.07 + 1.00mm, 10.80 + 1.42mm, 10.21 + 1.39mm, and 11.69 + 1.21mm, 11.50 + 1.65mm, 10.90 + 1.38mm, 10.54 + 1.28mm. There was no statistical significance (0.05).
The smile index G1, G2, G3, and G4 group were 5.52 + 1.01,5.53 + 0.49,5.74 + 0.82 respectively, and the females were 5.26 + 0.63,5.40 + 0.80,5.69 + 0.74,5.92 + 0.78 respectively. There was no statistical significance (P > 0.05) in the male and female sex differences (P > 0.05).
The G1, G2, G3 and G4 groups in the paracheal space were 5.09 + 1.53%, 6.07 + 1.34%, 6.88 + 1.16%, 7.14 + 1.40% respectively. The females were 5.44 + 1.32%, 6.38 + 1.29%, 7.29 + 6.07, respectively. There was no statistical significance (P > G2, G1 and G3, G1 and G4) in each group.
Smile height G1, G2, G3, G4 group high and low smile type gender differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Conclusion:
With the increase of age, the length of the upper lip is longer, the lips become thinner, the horizontal direction of the mouth widens, the vertical direction becomes narrower, the paracheal space becomes larger and the lower smile becomes more. The relationship between the lips and teeth of the same age group has sex difference.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：R783.5

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 鄭元華;青少年姿勢位微笑相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)的測量分析[D];蘭州大學(xué);2010年

本文編號：2164447