新疆哈薩克族本科預(yù)科生的跨文化壓力與抑郁的關(guān)系
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-03 05:25
【摘要】：目的:新疆是我國(guó)的少數(shù)民族自治區(qū),有著獨(dú)特多元文化環(huán)境,新疆的少數(shù)民族也有著自己獨(dú)特的文化傳統(tǒng)。當(dāng)新疆少數(shù)民族學(xué)生到內(nèi)地求學(xué)時(shí),必然面對(duì)巨大的文化差異,因此他們需要經(jīng)歷跨文化適應(yīng)的過程中的各種壓力事件,可能對(duì)他們的心理健康產(chǎn)生不良影響。本研究以新疆哈薩克族本科預(yù)科生為研究對(duì)象,研究跨文化壓力對(duì)新疆哈薩克族本科預(yù)科生的抑郁的影響,并且研究跨文化壓力在抑郁的影響因素對(duì)抑郁影響過程中的中介效應(yīng)。方法:通過分層整群抽樣,在新疆少數(shù)民族預(yù)科基地中隨機(jī)抽取5所。對(duì)樣本學(xué)校的在校哈薩克族本科預(yù)科生開展匿名調(diào)查,共招募386名哈薩克族本科預(yù)科生,有效問卷298份。調(diào)查問卷內(nèi)容包括社會(huì)人口學(xué)特征、入校前后的經(jīng)歷、跨文化壓力量表(ASSIS-28)、流調(diào)中心抑郁量表(CESD-20)。統(tǒng)計(jì)分析主要方法包括:單因素統(tǒng)計(jì)分析使用方差分析和t檢驗(yàn),多因素分析使用多重線性回歸模型,中介效應(yīng)分析使用路徑分析模型,量表的信效度評(píng)價(jià)分別使用Cronbach's α和驗(yàn)證性因子分析。.結(jié)果:298份有效問卷中,男生109人(36.58%),女生189人(63.42%),平均年齡18.9歲(SD=0.8),年齡范圍為16～22歲。186人(62.42%)來自農(nóng)村,112人(37.58%)來自城市�？缥幕瘔毫α勘�(ASSIS-28)的Cronbach's α為0.95,各維度Cronbach's α為0.69(文化競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力不足)～0.88(機(jī)會(huì)剝奪)。二階驗(yàn)證性因子分析結(jié)果顯示,模型擬合效果良好(χ2= 621.86,df= 326,p0.001;CFI = 0.94;SRMR = 0.05;RMSEA= 0.06),所有條目在相應(yīng)因子上的因子載荷均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(p0.01),所有一階因子在二階因子(跨文化壓力)上的因子載荷也均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(p0.01),其中想家維度的因子載荷最低(0.46,p0.01),其余維度的因子載荷均達(dá)到0.7以上。新疆哈薩克族本科預(yù)科生的CESD-20得分為16.1±10.2,CESD-20得分高于16的學(xué)生比例為42.95%。CESD-20在性別、學(xué)科類型、家庭所在地、家庭所在社區(qū)人口構(gòu)成特征、父親教育程度和母親教育程度等方面的分布有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。多重線性回歸模型結(jié)果顯示,文科生、女生以及漢語能力差、學(xué)習(xí)困難、跨文化壓力高是新疆哈薩克族本科預(yù)科生的抑郁的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,其中跨文化壓力是學(xué)科類型、漢語能力、學(xué)習(xí)困難三個(gè)因素與抑郁之間關(guān)系的中介效應(yīng),且該中介效應(yīng)有性別差異:在男生中跨文化壓力僅在學(xué)習(xí)困難和抑郁之間起中介效應(yīng),在女生中跨文化壓力在漢語能力、學(xué)習(xí)困難與抑郁之間起中介效應(yīng)。結(jié)論:新疆哈薩克族本科預(yù)科生的抑郁水平較高,說明其心理健康水平較差,需要采取有效的干預(yù)措施進(jìn)行改善。抑郁的影響因素包括學(xué)科類型、性別、漢語能力、學(xué)習(xí)困難和跨文化壓力,其中跨文化壓力是學(xué)科類型、漢語能力、學(xué)習(xí)困難三個(gè)因素與抑郁之間關(guān)系的中介效應(yīng)。本研究結(jié)果提示可以通過降低跨文化壓力的水平,減少其他因素對(duì)抑郁的不良影響,從而降低新疆哈薩克族本科預(yù)科生的抑郁水平。
[Abstract]:Objective: Xinjiang is a minority autonomous region in China, which has a unique multicultural environment, and ethnic minorities in Xinjiang also have their own unique cultural traditions. When Xinjiang minority students go to the mainland to study, they must face great cultural differences, so they need to experience all kinds of stress events in the process of cross-cultural adaptation, which may have a negative impact on their mental health. This study takes Xinjiang Kazakh undergraduate preparatory students as the research object, and studies the influence of cross-cultural pressure on the depression of Kazakh undergraduate preparatory students in Xinjiang. And to study the mediating effect of cross-cultural stress on depression. Methods: five ethnic minority preparatory bases in Xinjiang were randomly selected by stratified cluster sampling. An anonymous survey was conducted among Kazakh undergraduate prep students in the sample school. 386 Kazakh undergraduate prep students were recruited and 298 valid questionnaires were collected. The questionnaire included socio-demographic characteristics, experience before and after school, Intercultural stress scale (ASSIS-28), flow Center Depression scale (CESD-20). The main methods of statistical analysis include: single factor statistical analysis using variance analysis and t test, multivariate analysis using multiple linear regression model, intermediary effect analysis using path analysis model, Cronbach's 偽 and confirmatory factor analysis were used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale. Results: of the 298 valid questionnaires, 109 were male (36.58%) and 189 were female (63.42%). The average age was 18.9 years (SD=0.8). 186 (62.42%) were from rural areas. 112 people (37.58%) came from the city. The Cronbach's 偽 of the Intercultural stress scale (ASSIS-28) was 0.95, and the Cronbach's 偽 of each dimension was 0.69 (insufficient cultural competitiveness) ~ 0.88 (deprivation of opportunity). The results of second-order confirmatory factor analysis showed that the fitting effect of the model was good (蠂 2 = 621.86, DF = 326, p0.001CFI = 0.94 SRMR = 0.05; RMSEA= 0.06. the factor loads of all items on the corresponding factors were statistically significant (p0.01), and the factor loads of all first-order factors on the second-order factors (cross-cultural stress) were also statistically significant (p0.01). Among them, the factor load of homesickness dimension is the lowest (0.46, p0.01), and the factor load of other dimensions is above 0.7. The CESD-20 score of Kazakh undergraduate preparatory students in Xinjiang was 16.1 鹵10.2. The proportion of students whose CESD 鈮，
本文編號(hào)：2491706
[Abstract]:Objective: Xinjiang is a minority autonomous region in China, which has a unique multicultural environment, and ethnic minorities in Xinjiang also have their own unique cultural traditions. When Xinjiang minority students go to the mainland to study, they must face great cultural differences, so they need to experience all kinds of stress events in the process of cross-cultural adaptation, which may have a negative impact on their mental health. This study takes Xinjiang Kazakh undergraduate preparatory students as the research object, and studies the influence of cross-cultural pressure on the depression of Kazakh undergraduate preparatory students in Xinjiang. And to study the mediating effect of cross-cultural stress on depression. Methods: five ethnic minority preparatory bases in Xinjiang were randomly selected by stratified cluster sampling. An anonymous survey was conducted among Kazakh undergraduate prep students in the sample school. 386 Kazakh undergraduate prep students were recruited and 298 valid questionnaires were collected. The questionnaire included socio-demographic characteristics, experience before and after school, Intercultural stress scale (ASSIS-28), flow Center Depression scale (CESD-20). The main methods of statistical analysis include: single factor statistical analysis using variance analysis and t test, multivariate analysis using multiple linear regression model, intermediary effect analysis using path analysis model, Cronbach's 偽 and confirmatory factor analysis were used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale. Results: of the 298 valid questionnaires, 109 were male (36.58%) and 189 were female (63.42%). The average age was 18.9 years (SD=0.8). 186 (62.42%) were from rural areas. 112 people (37.58%) came from the city. The Cronbach's 偽 of the Intercultural stress scale (ASSIS-28) was 0.95, and the Cronbach's 偽 of each dimension was 0.69 (insufficient cultural competitiveness) ~ 0.88 (deprivation of opportunity). The results of second-order confirmatory factor analysis showed that the fitting effect of the model was good (蠂 2 = 621.86, DF = 326, p0.001CFI = 0.94 SRMR = 0.05; RMSEA= 0.06. the factor loads of all items on the corresponding factors were statistically significant (p0.01), and the factor loads of all first-order factors on the second-order factors (cross-cultural stress) were also statistically significant (p0.01). Among them, the factor load of homesickness dimension is the lowest (0.46, p0.01), and the factor load of other dimensions is above 0.7. The CESD-20 score of Kazakh undergraduate preparatory students in Xinjiang was 16.1 鹵10.2. The proportion of students whose CESD 鈮，
本文編號(hào)：2491706
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