【摘要】：孤獨癥譜系障礙者存在空間工作記憶加工缺陷,其具體受損環(huán)節(jié)尚不明確。組塊是一種有效的策略性信息編碼方式,是空間工作記憶的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。高度結(jié)構(gòu)化的刺激容易形成高水平組塊,因此,刺激結(jié)構(gòu)化程度對記憶效果的影響能夠反映個體的組塊加工能力。研究采用Sternberg空間工作記憶任務(wù)、Corsi空間廣度任務(wù),加入刺激結(jié)構(gòu)化因素,考察高功能孤獨癥幼兒是否存在組塊加工缺陷,并探討組塊加工是否直接影響到空間工作記憶容量。實驗1采用Sternberg空間工作記憶任務(wù),結(jié)果表明,ASD幼兒存在明顯的組塊加工缺陷。在易于組塊的高結(jié)構(gòu)化條件下,健康幼兒的記憶成績明顯較高,而ASD幼兒在高、低結(jié)構(gòu)化條件下的記憶成績并無顯著差異。實驗2采用Corsi空間廣度任務(wù),結(jié)果顯示,不論高、低結(jié)構(gòu)化條件,ASD幼兒的空間工作記憶容量均顯著低于健康幼兒。但ASD幼兒由于存在組塊加工缺陷,在高、低結(jié)構(gòu)化條件下的記憶成績差異較健康幼兒小。因此,ASD幼兒的組塊能力一定程度上影響了空間工作記憶容量。此外,記憶存儲器的異�？赡芤彩茿SD幼兒空間工作記憶容量不足的重要原因。研究表明,ASD幼兒的空間組塊缺陷主要由于弱中央統(tǒng)合的認(rèn)知風(fēng)格,他們?nèi)狈ψ陨隙碌慕M塊加工動機,難以主動對刺激形成高水平組塊編碼,從而影響記憶效果。
[Abstract]:Autism spectrum disorders exist spatial working memory processing defects, the specific damage is unclear. Block formation is an effective strategic information coding method and a key link of spatial working memory. Highly structured stimuli tend to form high-level blocks, so the effects of stimulus structuralization on memory effects can reflect the ability of individuals to process chunks. In this study, Sternberg spatial working memory task and Corsi spatial span task were used to investigate whether there were block processing defects in children with high function autism and whether block processing directly affected spatial working memory capacity. In experiment 1, Sternberg spatial working memory task was used. The results showed that there were obvious block processing defects in children with Sternberg. The memory scores of healthy children were significantly higher than those of ASD children under the condition of high and low structuralization of easy to form blocks, but there was no significant difference in the memory scores of healthy children under the condition of high and low structuralization. Experiment 2 adopted the spatial span task of Corsi. The results showed that the spatial working memory capacity of children with high and low structural conditions was significantly lower than that of healthy children. However, the difference of memory performance of ASD children was smaller than that of healthy children under the condition of high and low structure because of the defect of block processing. Therefore, the block forming ability of ASD children affects the spatial working memory capacity to some extent. In addition, the abnormal memory may also be an important reason for the lack of spatial working memory capacity in ASD children. The results show that the spatial block defects of ASD children are mainly due to the weak central integration of cognitive style, they lack of top-down block processing motivation, it is difficult to actively form high-level block coding to stimulate, thus affecting the memory effect.
【作者單位】： 遼寧師范大學(xué)心理學(xué)院;大連市中山區(qū)春雨幼兒園;
【基金】：遼寧省特聘教授基金 遼寧省人文社科重點研究基地項目 遼寧省兒童青少年健康人格評定與培養(yǎng)協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心資助項目支持
【分類號】：R749.94

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