新型毒蕈堿型M1受體激動劑的發(fā)現(xiàn)及其在Alzheimer癥動物模型中的評價(jià)
[Abstract]:With the increasing aging of the population, the prevalence and incidence of some neurodegenerative diseases related to brain aging, such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD), have become one of the main diseases threatening human health, and have brought heavy burden to society, economy and family. It has been more than a century since the discovery of dementia. The cause of AD is still unknown, and there are no effective drugs to treat it.
Currently, FDA-approved drugs for AD are mainly cholinesterase inhibitors (AChE I) based on the cholinergic hypothesis. These drugs increase ACh levels in the brain by inhibiting the degradation of acetylcholine (ACh), thus alleviating AD symptoms. On the other hand, the density of muscarinic M1 acetylcholine receptor (M1mAChR) in the brain of AD patients has not decreased. And a large number of studies have shown that M1 receives. M1 receptor agonists can effectively ameliorate many typical symptoms of AD, including the production and deposition of neurotoxic protein A beta and the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein due to the wrong shearing of Ap precursor protein (APP) in the brain. Some M1 receptor agonists have been introduced into clinical trials, such as Xanomeline, which has been shown to improve cognitive and behavioral abnormalities in AD patients, but has been eliminated in phase III clinical trials due to its large side effects.
In order to improve Xanomeline and obtain a novel M1 receptor agonist with better activity and less side effects, we have obtained a series of Xanomeline derivatives through systematic modification and modification of the parent nucleus of Xanomeline in collaboration with Professor Lei Xiaoping of Peking University. In the first chapter, we describe the screening of Xanomeline derivatives and the discovery of EUK1001, and preliminarily analyze the effect of EUK1001 on the shearing of APP. In the second chapter, we evaluate the effect of EUK1001 on the forebrain specific presenilin double knockout (PS cDKO) in AD animal model in vivo. In the third chapter, the possible role of Klotho in the neurodegenerative symptoms of PS cDKO mice was discussed. In the fourth chapter, the research progress of M1 receptor agonists and Klotho was reviewed.
1, the screening of a new M1 receptor activator (-Xanomeline) new derivative EUK1001.
Using a cell screening model based on reporter gene technology, 172 derivatives of Xanomeline were screened and 18 active compounds were found, including the two most active compounds EUK1001 and EUK1002. Compared with Xanomeline, EUK1001 had smaller EC50 and higher maximum activation multiple for M1 receptor. The activities of EUK1001 and EUK1002 were transient. At the same time, we cloned and expressed a Swedish mutant of human APP gene (APPsw) in mouse neuroblastoma cell Neuro2A (N2a), which was used as AD cell model and found that EUK1001 and EUK1002 could be stimulated by stimulation. From these screening results and in vitro experimental data, we can see that EUK1001 and EUK1002 can not only activate M1 receptor more effectively than Xanomeline, but also promote alpha-shearing of APP, which may have some potential in regulating the pathological pathway of AP in AD.
2. EUK1001 improves some neurodegenerative symptoms in forebrain-specific presenilin double knockout (PS cDKO) AD mice
Subsequent animal pharmacological and toxicological experiments showed that the number of side effects induced by EUK1001 was significantly less than that induced by Xanomeline, while EUK1002 was not improved. The effects of EUK1001 on neurodegenerative symptoms in PS cDKO mice were analyzed. The results showed that EUK1001 significantly improved the impaired recognition and memory abilities in PS cDKO mice after 3 months of chronic administration (0.5mg/kg/day). The results of brain slices analysis showed that EUK1001 could effectively alleviate the impaired recognition and memory abilities in PS cDKO mice. The results showed that both EUK. 1001 and Xanomeline could effectively reduce tau protein hyperphosphorylation in the brain of PS cDKO mice, but both of them had increased inflammatory responses to PS cDKO mice. These results show that EUK1001 can obviously improve some neurodegenerative symptoms of PS cDKO mice, and the effect is better than that of Xanomeline at the same dose, which has potential for further development.
3, the decrease of Klotho expression and the increase of blood phosphorus in the forebrain specific PS cDKO mice.
Klotho protein is an important anti-aging factor, which is highly expressed only in the kidney and brain, but plays a variety of functions in the form of circulating factors in many parts of the body, such as regulating calcium and phosphorus balance, antioxidant stress, anti-inflammation and so on. In this experiment, we analyzed the expression of Klotho and some indexes related to the function of klotho, such as blood phosphorus, blood calcium and kidney function, in AD animal model PS cDKO mice, and combined with some previous results in this model, we preliminarily discussed the possible occurrence of Klotho in neurodegenerative symptoms of PS cDKO mice. The results showed that the expression of Klotho in kidney of 12-month-old PS cDKO mice was significantly lower than that of normal control mice, the level of serum phosphorus was significantly higher, and the level of serum calcium was slightly lower than that of normal control mice, but no obvious renal dysfunction was observed. These results preliminarily suggest that Klotho may be associated with the symptoms of PS cDKO mice. The decrease in Klotho expression may lead to an increase in serum phosphorus concentration but is not sufficient to induce renal dysfunction. Oxidative stress is associated with increased inflammatory response in mice, but further experimental confirmation is needed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號】:R749.16;R-332
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