考前抑郁和應(yīng)對(duì)方式的相互影響及其現(xiàn)實(shí)意義
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-24 14:53
【摘要】：抑郁是導(dǎo)致人類心理失調(diào)最常見(jiàn)和最主要的原因之一,也是21世紀(jì)影響青少年身心健康的主要危險(xiǎn)因素。由于抑郁的廣泛性和危害性,心理學(xué)家對(duì)抑郁做了大量的研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)抑郁會(huì)嚴(yán)重威脅中學(xué)生的心理健康,并影響青少年健全人格的形成與發(fā)展。然而,在我國(guó)應(yīng)試教育的大背景下,考試作為一種壓力事件己經(jīng)且正在嚴(yán)重影響學(xué)生的抑郁狀態(tài),其中考前抑郁是研究者常常忽視的問(wèn)題。已有研究顯示抑郁和應(yīng)對(duì)方式可能是相互影響的,然而以往的很多研究都只是強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)對(duì)方式對(duì)抑郁的影響,忽略了抑郁對(duì)應(yīng)對(duì)方式的作用。經(jīng)過(guò)查閱文獻(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)國(guó)內(nèi)外探討抑郁和應(yīng)對(duì)方式雙向關(guān)系的研究大都是橫斷研究,并不能說(shuō)明兩者的因果關(guān)系。同時(shí)關(guān)于考前心理輔導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)有研究大多是針對(duì)考前心理問(wèn)題(包括抑郁)的原因、危害,考前心理輔導(dǎo)的內(nèi)容及方法等方面的橫斷研究,對(duì)考前輔導(dǎo)時(shí)間點(diǎn)的研究比較缺乏。本研究基于抑郁的素質(zhì)-應(yīng)激模型、應(yīng)激激發(fā)模型和拉扎勒斯的壓力-應(yīng)對(duì)模型,結(jié)合高中生所處考試壓力的現(xiàn)實(shí)環(huán)境,以榆林市某中學(xué)高一年級(jí)四個(gè)班的學(xué)生為被試,運(yùn)用自評(píng)抑郁量表和應(yīng)對(duì)方式量表對(duì)其考前抑郁和應(yīng)對(duì)方式狀況進(jìn)行兩次追蹤測(cè)查(調(diào)查時(shí)間為考前第三周和考前第一周),希望揭示高中生考前抑郁和應(yīng)對(duì)方式的相互關(guān)系,驗(yàn)證抑郁的兩種理論模型,為確定最佳的考前心理輔導(dǎo)時(shí)間提供一定的理論補(bǔ)充和實(shí)踐思路。本研究的主要發(fā)現(xiàn)如下：1.對(duì)185名高中生的調(diào)查研究顯示,考前抑郁在高中生中已經(jīng)普遍存在,高中生的抑郁檢出率在考試前三周時(shí)為42%,在考試前一周時(shí)為49%；考試前一周學(xué)生抑郁的人數(shù)顯著高于考試前三周的人數(shù)。2.男女生在考前抑郁水平和應(yīng)對(duì)方式上存在差異：在考試前三周時(shí)女生的抑郁水平比男生高,而在考試前一周時(shí)男女生的抑郁水平?jīng)]有顯著差異。男生比女生會(huì)更多地采用任務(wù)定向的應(yīng)對(duì)方式,在情緒定向和逃避定向的應(yīng)對(duì)方式上沒(méi)有顯著區(qū)別。3.應(yīng)對(duì)方式在考試前三周和一周時(shí)的差異：和考試前三周相比,學(xué)生在考試前一周會(huì)更少地采用任務(wù)定向和逃避定向的應(yīng)對(duì)方式,更多地采用情緒定向的應(yīng)對(duì)方式。4.采用情緒定向應(yīng)對(duì)方式的高中生也會(huì)更多的采用逃避定向的應(yīng)對(duì)方式；采用任務(wù)定向應(yīng)對(duì)方式的高中生其抑郁水平較低,而采用情緒定向應(yīng)對(duì)方式的高中生其抑郁水平則相對(duì)較高。5.考前抑郁和應(yīng)對(duì)方式存在因果關(guān)系：考試前三周的抑郁情緒會(huì)影響學(xué)生更多地使用情緒定向和逃避定向的應(yīng)對(duì)方式,也可能會(huì)更少地使用任務(wù)定向的應(yīng)對(duì)方式。同時(shí),對(duì)逃避定向應(yīng)對(duì)方式的影響上,男女生之間存在差異：考試前第三周的抑郁情緒可以預(yù)測(cè)考試前一周男生逃避定向的應(yīng)對(duì)方式,卻不能預(yù)測(cè)女生的。該結(jié)果進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了抑郁應(yīng)激激發(fā)模型及其因果效應(yīng)取向。針對(duì)本研究結(jié)果,我們提出如下教育啟示：1.對(duì)于學(xué)生考前抑郁情緒的輔導(dǎo)和調(diào)節(jié)工作至少應(yīng)在考試前三周進(jìn)行,才可能有效的降低抑郁水平、減少其消極影響；干預(yù)的時(shí)間太晚,可能就來(lái)不及扭轉(zhuǎn)抑郁的消極影響。2.在平時(shí)的抑郁和應(yīng)對(duì)方式的輔導(dǎo)工作上,要對(duì)女生進(jìn)行更多地關(guān)注和引導(dǎo),使其養(yǎng)成良好的應(yīng)對(duì)習(xí)慣,保持情緒的積極穩(wěn)定,從而提高心理健康水平；而在考試前的輔導(dǎo)工作上,尤其要關(guān)注男生在面臨考試前的表現(xiàn),并及時(shí)地給予正確的引導(dǎo)和幫助,使其能更好的去管理自己的情緒,積極應(yīng)對(duì)考試。
[Abstract]:Depression is one of the most common and most important causes of human mental disorders. It is also the main risk factor affecting the physical and mental health of young people in twenty-first Century. Due to the widespread and harmfulness of depression, psychologists have done a lot of research on depression. It is found that depression will seriously threaten the mental health of middle school students and affect the healthy personality of young people. However, under the background of the test education in China, the test as a kind of stress event has seriously affected the depression state of the students, in which the depression is often overlooked by the researchers. The effect of coping style on depression and the effect of depression on coping style was ignored. After consulting the literature, it was found that the research on the relationship between depression and coping styles at home and abroad was mostly transection research, which did not explain the causal relationship between the two. The reason, the harm, the content and the method of the psychological counselling before the examination, the study of the time point of the preexamination guidance, the research based on the depression quality stress model, the stressful model and Lazarus's stress coping model, combined with the actual environment of the high school students' test pressure, is based on a middle school in Yulin. The students of the four classes in the first grade were tested by the self rating depression scale and the coping style scale to track the depression and coping styles before examination (the time was third weeks before the exam and the first week before the exam), hoping to reveal the relationship between the depression and coping styles before the senior high school students, and to verify the two theoretical models of depression. The main findings of this study are as follows: 1. a survey of 185 senior high school students showed that depression was prevalent among senior high school students, the prevalence of depression in high school students was 42% at three weeks before the test and 49% in the first week before the test; The number of depressed students in the previous week was significantly higher than the number of.2. men and women in the three weeks before the test. The depression level and coping style before the examination were different: the depression level of the girls was higher than that of the boys at the three weeks before the test, but there was no significant difference in the depression level of the Zhou Shinan girls before the test. The boys would use more task orientation than the girls. There is no significant difference in the coping style between the three weeks and the one week before the test. Compared with the first three weeks before the test, the students will use less task oriented and avoidance coping styles in the first week before the test, and more use the emotional oriented coping style.4. to pick up the.3. coping style. High school students who use emotion oriented coping style also use avoidance oriented coping style; high school students with task oriented coping style have lower depression level, while high school students with emotional coping style have a higher depression level than.5. depression and coping style: three weeks before the test. Depressive mood affects students' use of more emotional and avoidance responses, and may also use less task oriented coping styles. At the same time, there is a difference in the impact of avoidance orientation. The third weeks of depression before the test can predict the boys' avoidance of orientation a week before the exam. In response to the results of this study, we put forward the following educational implications: 1. at least three weeks before the exam, it is possible to reduce the level of depression effectively and reduce the level of depression. Less negative influence; the time of intervention is too late, it may be too late to reverse the negative effects of depression..2. should pay more attention and guidance to the girls in the normal depression and coping style, make them develop good coping habits, keep positive emotional stability and improve their mental health, and before the exam. In the coaching work, we should pay special attention to the performance of the boys before the exam, and give them the correct guidance and help in time so that they can better manage their emotions and respond positively to the exam.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：R749.4
本文編號(hào)：2141732
[Abstract]:Depression is one of the most common and most important causes of human mental disorders. It is also the main risk factor affecting the physical and mental health of young people in twenty-first Century. Due to the widespread and harmfulness of depression, psychologists have done a lot of research on depression. It is found that depression will seriously threaten the mental health of middle school students and affect the healthy personality of young people. However, under the background of the test education in China, the test as a kind of stress event has seriously affected the depression state of the students, in which the depression is often overlooked by the researchers. The effect of coping style on depression and the effect of depression on coping style was ignored. After consulting the literature, it was found that the research on the relationship between depression and coping styles at home and abroad was mostly transection research, which did not explain the causal relationship between the two. The reason, the harm, the content and the method of the psychological counselling before the examination, the study of the time point of the preexamination guidance, the research based on the depression quality stress model, the stressful model and Lazarus's stress coping model, combined with the actual environment of the high school students' test pressure, is based on a middle school in Yulin. The students of the four classes in the first grade were tested by the self rating depression scale and the coping style scale to track the depression and coping styles before examination (the time was third weeks before the exam and the first week before the exam), hoping to reveal the relationship between the depression and coping styles before the senior high school students, and to verify the two theoretical models of depression. The main findings of this study are as follows: 1. a survey of 185 senior high school students showed that depression was prevalent among senior high school students, the prevalence of depression in high school students was 42% at three weeks before the test and 49% in the first week before the test; The number of depressed students in the previous week was significantly higher than the number of.2. men and women in the three weeks before the test. The depression level and coping style before the examination were different: the depression level of the girls was higher than that of the boys at the three weeks before the test, but there was no significant difference in the depression level of the Zhou Shinan girls before the test. The boys would use more task orientation than the girls. There is no significant difference in the coping style between the three weeks and the one week before the test. Compared with the first three weeks before the test, the students will use less task oriented and avoidance coping styles in the first week before the test, and more use the emotional oriented coping style.4. to pick up the.3. coping style. High school students who use emotion oriented coping style also use avoidance oriented coping style; high school students with task oriented coping style have lower depression level, while high school students with emotional coping style have a higher depression level than.5. depression and coping style: three weeks before the test. Depressive mood affects students' use of more emotional and avoidance responses, and may also use less task oriented coping styles. At the same time, there is a difference in the impact of avoidance orientation. The third weeks of depression before the test can predict the boys' avoidance of orientation a week before the exam. In response to the results of this study, we put forward the following educational implications: 1. at least three weeks before the exam, it is possible to reduce the level of depression effectively and reduce the level of depression. Less negative influence; the time of intervention is too late, it may be too late to reverse the negative effects of depression..2. should pay more attention and guidance to the girls in the normal depression and coping style, make them develop good coping habits, keep positive emotional stability and improve their mental health, and before the exam. In the coaching work, we should pay special attention to the performance of the boys before the exam, and give them the correct guidance and help in time so that they can better manage their emotions and respond positively to the exam.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：R749.4
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