本文關(guān)鍵詞： 自閉癥 自閉程度 手動作模仿 示范形式 示范視角　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：模仿是一種在觀察學(xué)習(xí)中獲取信息并可以有效地讓觀察者獲得動作技能的方式,是正常兒童學(xué)習(xí)言語語言之前必備的基礎(chǔ)技能。近年來關(guān)于自閉癥兒童動作模仿的研究表明,自閉癥兒童存在較為突出的手動作模仿缺陷,并且影響了他們的生活自理、言語語言和社會交往發(fā)展。其中,示范條件會影響自閉癥兒童的動作模仿。本文在梳理國內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究的基礎(chǔ)上,采用自編的無意義手部動作材料進(jìn)行模仿測試,材料內(nèi)容具體從兩個維度進(jìn)行設(shè)計,一是動作的步驟,分為一步和兩步兩個水平;二是動作的類型,分為馭物和非馭物兩個水平;材料形式從兩個維度進(jìn)行設(shè)計,一是動作的示范形式,分為錄像和圖片兩個水平;二是示范視角,分為第一視角和第三視角兩個水平。由于不同自閉程度的兒童認(rèn)知和模仿能力差異較大,在動作模仿中可能呈現(xiàn)出不同的特征,因此,本文將自閉癥兒童分為重度和輕中度兩個實驗組分別進(jìn)行研究,探討不同示范形式及示范視角下4～5周歲重度、輕中度自閉癥兒童手動作模仿特征,并與正常兒童進(jìn)行對比,進(jìn)而根據(jù)研究結(jié)果為學(xué)齡前自閉癥兒童手動作模仿訓(xùn)練提出針對性的康復(fù)建議,以期更好地促進(jìn)自閉癥兒童的言語語言發(fā)展。1.不同示范視角下自閉癥兒童手動作模仿的特征研究通過行為觀察實驗對重度、輕中度自閉癥兒童和正常兒童的馭物手動作和非馭物手動作進(jìn)行測試,分析兩種不同示范視角(第一視角、第三視角)對一步手動作和兩步手動作模仿成績的影響。研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),在一步手動作和兩步手動作模仿任務(wù)中,自閉癥兒童均極顯著地落后于正常兒童(p0.01),輕中度自閉癥兒童表現(xiàn)出第一視角優(yōu)于第三視角的特征(p0.01;0.01p0.05)。正常兒童和重度自閉癥兒童的一步手動作模仿成績受示范視角的影響不顯著(p0.05),在兩步手動作模仿中則表現(xiàn)出第一視角優(yōu)于第三視角的特征(0.01p0.05)。這一結(jié)果提示:自閉癥兒童可能存在心智閱讀和社會性信息注意方面的缺陷,選擇第一視角作為示范視角更有利于自閉癥兒童的手動作模仿。2.不同示范形式下自閉癥兒童手動作模仿的特征研究根據(jù)示范視角對動作模仿成績的影響研究,得出第一視角是最有利于自閉癥兒童動作模仿的示范視角。據(jù)此,研究二擬采用第一視角,通過行為實驗分析重度自閉癥兒童、輕中度自閉癥兒童及正常兒童在圖片、錄像兩種示范形式下的手動作模仿成績。實驗結(jié)果表明,不論采用何種示范形式,自閉癥兒童動作模仿能力均落后于正常兒童(p0.001);在一步手動作任務(wù)中,正常兒童的動作模仿成績受示范形式的影響并不顯著(p0.05),但重度及輕中度自閉癥兒童的動作模仿成績均受示范形式影響,表現(xiàn)為錄像形式優(yōu)于圖片形式(0.01p0.05;p0.001)。在兩步手動作任務(wù)中,不論是否要求對動作順序進(jìn)行模仿,重度自閉癥兒童和正常兒童的動作模仿成績受示范形式的影響均不顯著(p0.05),輕中度自閉癥兒童的動作模仿則表現(xiàn)出錄像優(yōu)于圖片的特征(p=0.001),提示自閉癥兒童存在內(nèi)化表征能力的不足,錄像形式能更好地促進(jìn)自閉癥兒童對動作內(nèi)容和動作順序的記憶與模仿�；谝陨涎芯拷Y(jié)果,本文探討了不同示范條件下學(xué)齡前重度及輕中度自閉癥兒童在不同示范條件下的手動作模仿特征,并以此為依據(jù)為學(xué)齡前重度及輕中度自閉癥兒童臨床康復(fù)應(yīng)用中手動作模仿的訓(xùn)練順序及示范條件的選擇提出了針對性的建議。如何更好地利用本研究的成果進(jìn)行干預(yù)訓(xùn)練,為自閉癥兒童言語語言康復(fù)奠定良好的先備技能,仍是未來需要繼續(xù)探索的課題。
[Abstract]:Imitation is a kind of information in the observation and learning can effectively make observers obtain the skill, basic skills before normal children learning speech language necessary. Recent studies on children with autism action imitation show that children with autism have more prominent hand imitation defects, and their influence in daily life, verbal and social development. Among them, the demonstration will affect the movement condition of autistic children imitate. Based on the relevant studies at home and abroad, the significance of hand movements by imitation test materials, material specific design from two dimensions, one is the action steps, divided for one step and two step two level; two is the type of action, divided into control and non control two level; material design from two dimensions, one is the demonstration form of action, Video and pictures is divided into two levels; two is divided into the first demonstration angle, angle and third angle two levels. Due to the different degree of the autistic children's cognitive and imitation ability differences in action may show different characteristics, so this paper will imitate, autistic children were divided into severe and mild to moderate two experimental groups were studied respectively, explore the different forms of demonstration and demonstration from the perspective of 4~5 years of age with severe, mild and moderate autistic children with hand movements to mimic the characteristics, and compared with normal children, and according to the research results of preschool autistic children hand movement imitation training for rehabilitation suggestions, in order to promote speech.1. language development from different perspectives demonstration of autistic children of autism in children of hand action imitation through the behavior observation experiments on severe, mild to moderate autistic children and normal children Yu Fabric hand movements and non involved objects hand action test, analysis of two different demonstration Perspective (the first perspective, the third perspective) effect on step two step hand movements and hand motion imitation performance. The results of the study showed that in one step and two step hand hand movement imitation task, children with autism were significant behind normal children (P0.01), mild to moderate autistic children show the characteristics of the first perspective from the perspective of better than third (P0.01; 0.01p0.05). The influence of normal children and severe autism step hand action imitation in children from the perspective of performance demonstration was not significant (P0.05), in the two step of hand action imitation show from the perspective of the characteristics of the first angle is better than third (0.01p0.05). The results suggest that children with autism may exist in mind reading and social information attention defect, select the first point of view as the demonstration perspective is more conducive to the autistic children's Manual For different forms of autism to imitate the.2. demonstration effect of imitation performance on the demonstration analysis from the perspective of characteristics of hand action in children according to imitate, the first view is most conducive to children with autism from the perspective of action demonstration imitation. Accordingly, the research intends to use the first two perspective, through the experimental analysis of behavior of severe autistic children, mild to moderate autism in children and normal children in the pictures, video two demonstration form hand imitation results. Experimental results show that, regardless of the form of demonstration, children with autism action imitation were behind Yu Zheng Chang Ertong (p0.001); in the step of hand movement task, affecting the normal children's imitation performance demonstration form is not significant (P0.05), but severe and mild to moderate autistic children imitating results by demonstration form influence, is better than pictures and video form (0.01p0.05; P0 .001). In the two step hand movement task, whether or not to imitate the action sequence, a severe impact on autistic children and normal children imitate the action performance demonstration form were not significant (P0.05), mild to moderate autistic children imitation is characterized by excellent in video images (p=0.001). That children with autism have insufficient internalized representation ability, video form can better promote the autistic children's memory and imitation of the content and action sequence. Based on the above research results, this paper discusses the different model under the condition of preschool severe and mild to moderate autism hand movements in different demonstration conditions in children imitate the characteristics, and as a basis for preschool severe and mild and moderate autistic children imitate hand action in the application of clinical rehabilitation training sequence and demonstration condition selection and puts forward some suggestions how to better. It is still a task for us to continue to explore and improve the speech and speech rehabilitation of autistic children.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R749.94

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