本文關(guān)鍵詞： 精神分裂癥 心境障礙 筆跡特征 筆跡分析　出處：《新鄉(xiāng)醫(yī)學院》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：背景“字如其人”在我國有著悠久的歷史和很高的民眾認可度。前人千百年關(guān)于筆跡的研究都是主觀的經(jīng)驗性分析,這種研究方法雖然取得了一些成果,但帶有較大的個人主觀色彩,難以進行科學的驗證,不能夠被大家普遍接受。1964年臺灣大學心理系楊國樞、林碧峰撰寫了《中文筆跡與人格：一項探索性研究》,這是我國關(guān)于漢字筆跡的第一篇實證研究論文。楊麟、賈治輝、陳中兵、林晨峰、童章毅、王宇中等人陸續(xù)開始探討精神障礙患者筆跡特征的采集與分析,并根據(jù)分析的結(jié)果逐步形成了通過書法訓練來指導心理疾病患者緩解癥狀的治療體系。精神障礙對患者身心、家庭、社會活動等都造成嚴重的不良影響。隨著精神病學的發(fā)展,研究筆跡與書寫時的心理學特征被驗證為一個可行的辦法,通過對比精神障礙患者的筆跡特征分析,進行科學的康復書寫鍛煉,從而幫助精神障礙患者擺脫病痛、樹立信心、更好的融入社會生活。目的1.探析精神分裂癥、心境障礙與正常對照組之間筆跡特征,為精神障礙患者的康復提供指導意見。2.探討精神障礙患者(精神分裂癥和心境障礙)筆跡特征在人口學變量上的特點,為精神障礙患者的康復提出理論依據(jù)。3.分析精神障礙患者SCL-90與筆跡特征間的關(guān)系,為精神障礙患者的康復發(fā)現(xiàn)線索。4.探索筆跡特征在精神障礙患者與正常對照組之間的區(qū)分力,為精神障礙患者的診斷及精神障礙患者康復提供筆跡學線索。方法通過使用基于電子簽名屏的筆跡分析系統(tǒng)對新鄉(xiāng)醫(yī)學院第二附屬醫(yī)院、鄭州大學第一附屬醫(yī)院以及鄭州市第九人民醫(yī)院的302位精神障礙患者進行筆跡采集,同時完成“患者基本情況調(diào)查問卷”、“90項癥狀清單(SCL-90)”。繼而對采集到的筆跡圖像用“漢字筆跡特征分析系統(tǒng)”得出壓力、時間、間距、面積、傾斜度等48項筆跡特征的量化信息。對收集的數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)SPSS21.0進行t檢驗、方差分析、多重比較、相關(guān)分析和判別分析等。結(jié)果1.精神分裂癥患者組與正常對照組在橫筆壓、書寫平均壓、平均字間距、標題上邊距、標題左邊距、正文下邊距、正文右邊距、平均字高、平均字面積、首字字寬、占用率、橫長、像素數(shù)、撇長、撇傾斜度、捺傾斜度、書寫總時間、捺筆壓、平均字寬、首字字面積20項筆跡特征差異顯著(P1-17項0.01,P18-20項0.05)。2.心境障礙患者組與正常對照組在書寫平均壓、標題平均字壓、正文右邊距、末字字高、書寫總時間、橫筆壓、捺筆壓、豎筆壓、撇筆壓、正文上邊距、占用率、捺傾斜度12項筆跡特征差異顯著(P1-5項0.01,P6-12項0.05)。3.精神分裂癥患者組與心境障礙患者組在橫筆壓、書寫平均壓、標題平均字壓、標題上邊距、正文下邊距、首字字面積、豎長、撇傾斜度、正文右邊距、占用率、平均字高、像素數(shù)12項筆跡特征差異顯著(P1-8項0.01,P9-12項0.05)。4.在人口學變量中,不同性別精神障礙患者組的筆跡特征在平均字間距、最小字間距、占用率、豎長、捺長、平均字間距6項上差異顯著(P0.05)；不同年齡群體精神障礙患者組之間的筆跡特征在書寫總時間、平均字高、書寫平均壓、平均字間距、最大字間距、字間距變化、正文上邊距、正文下邊距、首字字高、首字字寬、平均字面積11項差異顯著(P1-2項0.01,P3-11項0.05)；不同婚姻狀況精神障礙患者組的筆跡特征在平均字間距、最大字間距、正文右邊距、字間距變化、占用率、平均字高和捺傾斜度7項差異顯著(P1-3項0.01,P4-7項0.05)。5.精神障礙患者組與國內(nèi)正常人組在精神障礙患者在軀體化、強迫癥狀、人際關(guān)系敏感、抑郁、焦慮、敵對、恐怖、偏執(zhí)以及精神病性9項精神癥狀上差異均顯著(P0.001)。6.精神障礙患者組在筆跡特征與癥狀自評量表各因子之間：書寫平均壓與軀體化、恐怖和偏執(zhí)相關(guān)顯著(P0.05)；標題平均壓力與偏執(zhí)相關(guān)顯著(P0.05)；最小字間距與人際關(guān)系敏感、抑郁、焦慮、偏執(zhí)、精神病性相關(guān)顯著(P0.05)；標題右邊距與恐怖相關(guān)顯著(P0.05);橫傾斜度與軀體化相關(guān)顯著(P0.05)；捺傾斜度與抑郁相關(guān)顯著(P0.05)。7.筆跡特征對精神障礙患者與正常對照組之間具有區(qū)分力,區(qū)分力為76.1%；筆跡特征對精神分裂癥患者和心境障礙患者之間具有區(qū)分力,區(qū)分力為70.7%。結(jié)論1. 精神分裂癥患者筆跡書寫凌亂,字間距小且留白多,書寫時間慢于正常人,揭示了精神分裂癥患者筆跡異于正常人可能是其運動控制缺陷所致。2. 心境障礙患者筆跡較正常人書寫用力大,且筆跡不流暢,字跡小,留白多,可能與心境障礙患者情感易波動有關(guān)。3. 筆跡特征在正常人與精神障礙患者存在一定的區(qū)分能力,在精神分裂癥患者與正常人之間的區(qū)分力為76.1%,在精神分裂癥患者與心境障礙患者兩者之間區(qū)分力為70.7%。
[Abstract]:The background of the word as it "in our country has a long history and high degree of public recognition. Previous research on handwriting for thousands of years are subjective and empirical analysis, this research has made some achievements, but with a personal subjective color large, difficult to verify the science, can not be generally.1964 accept the Psychology Department of National Taiwan University Yang Guoshu, Lin Bifeng wrote" Chinese handwriting and personality: an exploratory study ", which is China's first demonstration on Chinese characters handwriting research. Yang Lin, Jia Zhihui, Chen Zhongbing, Lin Chen Feng, Tong Zhangyi, Wang Yuzhong et al have begun the acquisition and analysis of handwriting characteristics of patients with mental disorders according to the analysis of the results, and gradually formed the calligraphy training guide for patients with mental disorders to alleviate the symptoms of mental disorders. The treatment system for patients with physical and mental, family, social activities etc. Have caused serious adverse effects. With the development of psychiatry, psychology of handwriting and the study proves to be a feasible way by handwriting features of patients with mental disorders contrast analysis, rehabilitation exercise science writing, so as to help people with mental disorders to get rid of the pain, confidence and better integrate into social life. 1. of schizophrenia, mood disorders and handwriting characteristics between the normal control group, to provide guidance on.2. in patients with mental disorders for patients with mental disorders (rehabilitation of schizophrenia and mood disorders) handwriting characteristics in the demographic variables, for patients with mental disorders rehabilitation provide the theoretical basis for the analysis of the relationship between SCL-90.3. and the spirit of handwriting characteristics the disorder, find clues.4. to explore the handwriting characteristics in mental disorders patients and normal control group as the rehabilitation of patients with mental disorders Distinguish between, provide clues for handwriting diagnosis and rehabilitation of patients with mental disorders in patients with mental disorders. Methods by using the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University of handwriting analysis system of electronic signature screen, 302 patients with mental disorders in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City ninth people's Hospital of handwriting acquisition, at the same time to complete the questionnaire the basic situation of patients, the symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90). Then the handwriting images collected with "Chinese characters handwriting characteristics analysis system to obtain the pressure, time, distance, area, quantitative information inclination 48. Handwriting features of the data collected by SPSS21.0 t test, variance analysis, multiple comparison the correlation analysis, and discriminant analysis. Results of the 1. patients with schizophrenia group and normal control group in the writing pen pressure, average pressure, average word spacing, the title on the margins, standard 棰樺乏杈硅窛,姝ｆ枃涓嬭竟璺，

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