β-羥丁酸對(duì)LPS誘發(fā)的帕金森病模型的神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用及其機(jī)制
[Abstract]:More and more evidences show that neuroinflammation plays an important role in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Microglia are the main effector cells in the process of neuroinflammation. Overactivation of microglia can produce some inflammatory enzymes (iNOS and COX-2) and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, IL-1beta and IL-6). Sexual mediators can damage peripheral dopamine (DA) neurons and eventually lead to their degeneration and death. Therefore, inhibition of microglia over-activation may be a potential therapeutic measure to prevent the further development of PD. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) is an important intermediate metabolite in amino acid and fatty acid metabolism, such as glucose. It also provides energy for the brain, especially during lactation, which almost replaces glucose as the main energy source. In addition, BHBA also plays a neuroprotective role in PD, but its mechanism is not clear. Studies have shown that BHBA inhibits LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages and monocytes through its receptor GPR109A. It is speculated that BHBA may play a neuroprotective role in PD by inhibiting neuroinflammation through GPR109A receptor. In this study, we established in vitro cell inflammation model, LPS-induced PD cell model in vitro and in vivo animal model, and systematically studied the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of BHBA in inflammation-mediated PD model.
BHBA significantly inhibited LPS-induced increase of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-a, IL-1beta and IL-6 protein and mRNA expression in microglial cell line BV-2 and primary microglial cell inflammation models. Blockade of GPR109A by PTX or silencing of GPR109A with siRNA inhibited this effect. Western blotting results showed that BHBA could inhibit the expression of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-a, IL-1beta and IL-6 protein and mRNA in microglial cell line BV BHBA could inhibit LPS-induced NF-kappa B phosphorylation in primary microglia, and GPR109A silencing could inhibit this effect. These results suggest that BHBA can suppress LPS-induced NF-kappa B phosphorylation in microglia through GPR109A/NF-kappa B signaling pathway. No. 2 pathway inhibits LPS induced inflammation.
To further investigate whether BHBA can alleviate or treat PD by its anti-inflammatory effect, we first studied the protective effect of BHBA on DA neurons in LPS-induced PD cell model and its mechanism. This neuroprotective effect of BHBA is achieved by inhibiting microglial activation in a concentration-dependent manner, because BHBA significantly inhibits LPS-induced iNOS, COX-2, TNF-a, IL-1beta and IL-6 production in mesencephalic neuroglial cells.
Further studies have shown that BHBA can attenuate apomorphine-induced rotation in LPS-induced PD animal models, inhibit LPS-induced reduction of DA and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the striatum in a concentration-dependent manner, and inhibit LPS-induced decrease of DA neurons in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, BHBA also inhibited LPS-induced microglia activation in substantia nigra in a concentration-dependent manner.
These results suggest that BHBA plays an anti-inflammatory role in microglia through GPR109A-mediated signaling pathway; BHBA improves LPS-induced motor dysfunction and protects DA neurons by inhibiting microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in PD cells and animal models. Potential targets.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2015
【分類號(hào)】:R742.5;R-332
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