【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為聽(tīng)覺(jué)皮層是一個(gè)只參與處理聽(tīng)覺(jué)信號(hào)的單模系統(tǒng)。然而,最近研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人腦的聽(tīng)覺(jué)皮層可以處理其它感覺(jué)刺激,而且這種跨模態(tài)活動(dòng)在早期失聰人群更為明顯。然而,早期失聰是否會(huì)引起聽(tīng)覺(jué)皮層參與非聽(tīng)覺(jué)認(rèn)知活動(dòng),以及聽(tīng)覺(jué)區(qū)如何處理這些認(rèn)知信號(hào)等關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題卻了解甚微。本課題將以早期失聰人群為模型來(lái)探討失去原有功能的聽(tīng)覺(jué)皮層跨模態(tài)地參與視覺(jué)工作記憶任務(wù)處理的神經(jīng)機(jī)制。本研究首先假設(shè)早期失聰被試的聽(tīng)覺(jué)皮層參與處理視覺(jué)工作記憶任務(wù)并且該皮層的活動(dòng)能夠預(yù)測(cè)他們工作記憶能力。因此,本研究首先招募41例早期失聰被試和40例年齡與性別相匹配的正常被試來(lái)完成包括編碼、維持和再認(rèn)三個(gè)階段的視覺(jué)空間延遲再認(rèn)任務(wù)。相比正常對(duì)照組,行為學(xué)結(jié)果表明早期失聰被試在完成工作記憶任務(wù)時(shí)反應(yīng)更快。而且,腦激活檢測(cè)結(jié)果表明在工作記憶任務(wù)的再認(rèn)期,早期失聰組雙側(cè)顳上回呈現(xiàn)顯著性激活,并且激活程度越高,早期失聰組完成工作記憶任務(wù)的反應(yīng)速度更快且更準(zhǔn)確。早期失聰組在工作記憶任務(wù)維持期的雙側(cè)顳上回,以及編碼期的右側(cè)顳上回均呈現(xiàn)顯著性激活,而且激活程度能夠預(yù)示早期失聰組更快的完成能力。上述結(jié)果都說(shuō)明早期失聰組聽(tīng)覺(jué)相關(guān)皮層能跨模態(tài)處理視覺(jué)工作記憶任務(wù)。另外,維持階段中的聽(tīng)覺(jué)皮層激活與開(kāi)始佩戴助聽(tīng)器年齡成正相關(guān),和終生佩戴助聽(tīng)器年齡比呈負(fù)相關(guān),這說(shuō)明越早或者越長(zhǎng)期使用助聽(tīng)器可能抑制聽(tīng)覺(jué)皮層的跨模態(tài)重塑,并有助于提高佩戴助聽(tīng)器的臨床療效。另外,相比正常對(duì)照組,格蘭杰因果分析表明早期失聰組從前額葉至顳上回的凈信息流顯著增強(qiáng),這意味著自上而下調(diào)控機(jī)制能更好地解釋早期失聰組聽(tīng)覺(jué)皮層跨模態(tài)激活現(xiàn)象。為了進(jìn)一步明確早期失聰后跨模態(tài)重塑的聽(tīng)覺(jué)皮層的自發(fā)功能網(wǎng)絡(luò)組織及其認(rèn)知特性是否發(fā)生改變,本研究引入全腦靜息態(tài)功能連接分析技術(shù),研究42例早期失聰被試和39例正常對(duì)照雙側(cè)顳上回的自發(fā)功能網(wǎng)絡(luò)活動(dòng)的差異,以及功能連接強(qiáng)度與視覺(jué)空間工作記憶和數(shù)字工作記憶能力的相關(guān)性。與正常對(duì)照組相比,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)早期失聰被試具有超常的視覺(jué)空間和數(shù)字工作記憶完成能力。功能連接分析結(jié)果表明早期失聰組右側(cè)顳上回與雙側(cè)島葉前部、右側(cè)背外側(cè)前扣帶皮層和右側(cè)背外側(cè)前額葉皮層之間功能連接均顯著增強(qiáng)。而且,右側(cè)顳上回的功能連接強(qiáng)度與視覺(jué)空間工作記憶能力顯著相關(guān),這種相關(guān)性即使回歸掉數(shù)字工作記憶的影響仍舊存在。因此,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明早期聽(tīng)覺(jué)剝奪能夠增強(qiáng)顳上回的固有功能連接,并且有助于顳上回跨模態(tài)參與視覺(jué)工作記憶的處理。最后,為了明確早期失聰人群聽(tīng)覺(jué)皮層的局部跨模態(tài)重塑是否引起全腦大尺度功能和解剖網(wǎng)絡(luò)的拓?fù)鋵傩缘淖兓１狙芯考{入37例早期失聰被試和33例正常對(duì)照,分析解剖網(wǎng)絡(luò),功能網(wǎng)絡(luò),以及功能-解剖網(wǎng)絡(luò)耦合等拓?fù)鋵傩缘淖兓�。與正常對(duì)照組相比,本研究結(jié)果只發(fā)現(xiàn)早期失聰組Local節(jié)點(diǎn)之間功能連接增加,而Rich-club和Feeder連接未見(jiàn)顯著差異。早期失聰組全腦功能-解剖連接耦合強(qiáng)度較正常對(duì)照呈現(xiàn)增強(qiáng)的趨勢(shì),并且耦合強(qiáng)度與他們開(kāi)始佩戴助聽(tīng)器年齡呈現(xiàn)顯著正相關(guān),而與終生佩戴助聽(tīng)器年齡比呈現(xiàn)顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。這些實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明早期聽(tīng)覺(jué)剝奪被試的大尺度腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)育基本正常,增強(qiáng)的局部連接強(qiáng)度和功能-解剖連接耦合強(qiáng)度可能有助于早期失聰被試更有效地利用殘余的感覺(jué)信息。綜上,本論文初次嘗試早期失聰人群聽(tīng)覺(jué)皮層跨模態(tài)參與視覺(jué)工作記憶的神經(jīng)機(jī)制研究,以早期失聰為典型,從新的角度探討了大腦工作記憶跨模態(tài)重塑機(jī)制,在早期失聰被試聽(tīng)覺(jué)區(qū)域是否發(fā)生跨模態(tài)重塑以參與和處理視覺(jué)空間工作記憶認(rèn)知活動(dòng),早期聽(tīng)覺(jué)剝奪是否引起大腦自發(fā)功能連接發(fā)生代償,及其對(duì)腦解剖與功能網(wǎng)絡(luò)的影響等關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)問(wèn)題提供了基本依據(jù)與初步解答。神經(jīng)可塑性是人腦通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)和訓(xùn)練方式所具備的一種終生能力。期望本文有助于進(jìn)一步了解疾病或創(chuàng)傷所引起腦結(jié)構(gòu)與功能的可塑性改變之神經(jīng)機(jī)制,以促進(jìn)大腦損傷后的康復(fù)治療與認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The traditional view is that the auditory cortex is a single-mode system that only processes auditory signals. However, recent studies have found that the auditory cortex of the human brain can process other sensory stimuli, and this transmodal activity is more pronounced in early deaf people. In this study, the auditory cortex of early deaf subjects was assumed to be involved in the processing of visual working memory tasks. In this study, 41 subjects with early deafness and 40 age-and gender-matched normal subjects were recruited to perform visual spatial delayed recognition tasks including coding, maintenance and recognition. In addition, brain activation test results showed that bilateral superior temporal gyrus in early deaf group showed significant activation during the recognition period of working memory task, and the higher the activation degree, the faster and more accurate the early deaf group completed the task of working memory. Both the bilateral superior temporal gyrus and the right superior temporal gyrus in the encoding stage showed significant activation during the working memory task maintenance period, and the degree of activation predicted faster completion in the early deaf group. Cortical activation was positively correlated with the age at which hearing aids were first worn, and negatively correlated with the age ratio at which hearing aids were worn throughout life, suggesting that earlier or longer use of hearing aids might inhibit cross-modal remodeling of the auditory cortex and help to improve the clinical efficacy of hearing aids. The net information flow from prefrontal lobe to superior temporal gyrus was significantly enhanced in the deaf group, which means that the top-down regulation mechanism can better explain the transmodal activation of auditory cortex in the early deaf group. In this study, resting-state functional connectivity analysis was used to study the difference of spontaneous functional network activity in 42 subjects with early deafness and 39 normal controls, and the correlation between the intensity of functional connectivity and visual-spatial working memory and digital working memory. The results of functional connectivity analysis showed that the functional connectivity between the right superior temporal gyrus and the anterior bilateral insular lobe, the right dorsolateral anterior cingulate cortex and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was significantly enhanced in the early deafness group. There is a significant correlation between spatial working memory and spatial working memory, even if the effect of digital working memory is returned. Therefore, experimental results show that early auditory deprivation can enhance the intrinsic functional connectivity of the superior temporal gyrus and help the superior temporal gyrus to participate in the processing of visual working memory. In this study, 37 subjects with early deafness and 33 normal controls were included to analyze the changes of topological properties of anatomical network, functional network and functional-anatomical network coupling. It was found that there was an increase in functional connectivity between local nodes in the early deaf group, but no significant difference in Rich-club and Feeder connections. These results suggest that the development of large-scale brain networks in early hearing-deprived subjects is basically normal. Enhanced local connectivity and functional-anatomical coupling may help early deaf subjects to utilize residual sensory information more effectively. The cross-modal involvement of the auditory cortex in the neural mechanism of visual working memory is studied. Taking early deafness as a typical example, the cross-modal remodeling mechanism of brain working memory is discussed from a new perspective. Whether cross-modal remodeling occurs in the auditory region of early deaf subjects to participate in and process the cognitive activities of visual spatial working memory, and whether early hearing deprivation results in it. Neuroplasticity is a lifelong ability of the human brain through learning and training. It is hoped that this paper will help to understand the causes of disease or trauma. The neural mechanism of plasticity changes in brain structure and function promotes the development of rehabilitation therapy and cognitive neuroscience after brain injury.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R338

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前5條

1 解飛,劉偉;無(wú)聲唇讀過(guò)程中的聽(tīng)覺(jué)皮層激活[J];國(guó)外醫(yī)學(xué)(耳鼻咽喉科學(xué)分冊(cè));1999年06期

2 ;科學(xué)問(wèn)答[J];大科技(百科新說(shuō));2014年06期

3 ;皮膚也能影響聽(tīng)力[J];奇聞怪事;2013年12期

4 于林娜;;“耳朵蟲(chóng)”的秘密[J];奇聞怪事;2012年11期

5 ;[J];;年期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前2條

1 蔣宇鋼;周倩;張明銘;;體感刺激激活人腦聽(tīng)覺(jué)皮層[A];中國(guó)醫(yī)師協(xié)會(huì)神經(jīng)外科醫(yī)師分會(huì)第六屆全國(guó)代表大會(huì)論文匯編[C];2011年

2 趙久晗;徐佳亮;商秀麗;秦嶺;;水楊酸鈉誘導(dǎo)耳鳴大鼠動(dòng)物模型聽(tīng)覺(jué)皮層神經(jīng)電生理的研究[A];中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)第十三次全國(guó)神經(jīng)病學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議論文匯編[C];2010年

相關(guān)重要報(bào)紙文章 前1條

1 常麗君;聽(tīng)他人講話時(shí)大腦具有預(yù)測(cè)能力[N];科技日?qǐng)?bào);2014年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 丁皓;基于功能磁共振成像的早期失聰后腦跨模態(tài)重塑機(jī)制的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題研究[D];天津大學(xué);2015年

2 梁力;聽(tīng)覺(jué)皮層時(shí)域信號(hào)處理特征[D];第一軍醫(yī)大學(xué);2000年

3 牛玉光;噪聲及水楊酸鈉引起下丘及皮層的電活動(dòng)改變[D];中國(guó)人民解放軍醫(yī)學(xué)院;2013年

4 王玉成;腦功能光學(xué)成像信號(hào)的譜分析與模式識(shí)別[D];國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué);2012年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前5條

1 伊春陽(yáng);聾人聽(tīng)覺(jué)皮層跨通道可塑性的fMRI研究[D];華東師范大學(xué);2016年

2 李綠;小鼠行為狀態(tài)對(duì)聽(tīng)覺(jué)皮層響應(yīng)的分層調(diào)節(jié)[D];南方醫(yī)科大學(xué);2014年

3 毛春麗;正常人、感音神經(jīng)性聾及耳鳴患者聽(tīng)覺(jué)皮層fMRI研究[D];福建中醫(yī)學(xué)院;2008年

4 王付言;喚名引發(fā)皮層激活對(duì)意識(shí)障礙患者預(yù)后判斷的價(jià)值[D];杭州師范大學(xué);2013年

5 杜娜;FMR1基因敲除小鼠耳蝸形態(tài)學(xué)研究及其耳蝸、聽(tīng)覺(jué)皮層中GAD、GABAα1受體表達(dá)與AGS的關(guān)系[D];廣州醫(yī)學(xué)院;2011年

，

本文編號(hào)：2180301