多層螺旋CT三維成像下腎盂、腎盞及腎竇的解剖研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-28 18:51
【摘要】：目的探索腎盂、腎盞、腎竇的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)及其相互間的關(guān)系并從中找出一定的規(guī)律,為臨床診斷和治療腎臟疾病進(jìn)一步提供解剖學(xué)依據(jù),為泌外器械造用、開發(fā)提供參考數(shù)據(jù)。方法收集無腎臟及腎周疾病、腎功能正常且需行腹部CT增強(qiáng)掃描的患者作為初步研究對(duì)象。簽署知情同意書后,靜脈注射造影劑,設(shè)定掃描范圍和掃描參數(shù),延遲90秒開始行東芝16排螺旋CT掃描,圖像拆薄后傳輸至后處理工作站;運(yùn)用VR(Volume rendering)、MIP(Maximum intensity projection)及MPR(Multi-planner reformation)技術(shù)三維重建;在VR圖像上三維旋轉(zhuǎn)觀察腎盂腎盞充盈情況,并進(jìn)行充盈評(píng)分,雙側(cè)腎臟充盈程度均大于等于8分者納入測(cè)量研究對(duì)象。在VR圖像上對(duì)腎盂形態(tài)、腎盞形態(tài)進(jìn)行形態(tài)學(xué)觀察,在MIP圖像上對(duì)腎盂、腎盞進(jìn)行相關(guān)測(cè)量,在MPR圖像上對(duì)腎竇及腎門進(jìn)行測(cè)量。所有數(shù)據(jù)運(yùn)用SPSS19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,以α=0.05為檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn),α0.05有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,α0.01有顯著統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。結(jié)果1.腎盂分型中腎內(nèi)型、中央型、腎外型所占比例分別為69.0%,26.2%和4.8%,左腎和右腎分布無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(p=0.812)。2.腎盂發(fā)育形態(tài)中,壺腹型、胚胎型、分支型和蜘蛛足型所占比例分別為92.9%,2.8%,3.2%和1.1%,左腎和右腎分布無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(p=0.129)。3.腎盂分盞處直徑左腎為13.56±4.05mm,右腎為13.65±4.07mm,左腎和右腎無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(p=0.780),男性和女性無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(p=0.070)。4.upj(ureteropelvicjunction,腎盂輸尿管連接處)直徑左腎為4.35±1.22mm,右腎為4.22±1.23mm,左腎和右腎無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(p=0.318),男性和女性無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(p=0.425)。5.腎大盞類型中,三大盞占59.9%,兩大盞占38.1%,特殊型占2%,左腎和右腎無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(p=0.407)。6.腎大盞盞頸長(zhǎng)徑,左腎上盞為18.98±5.32mm,右腎上盞為18.49±4.94mm;左腎中盞為9.21±4.72mm,右腎中盞為9.06±3.80mm;左腎下盞為14.10±3.40mm,右腎下盞為13.94±3.30mm;左腎和右腎無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(p0.05),男性和女性無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(p0.05)。7.腎大盞盞頸寬徑,左腎上盞為4.30±1.96mm,右腎上盞為4.83±2.28mm;左腎中盞為4.38±2.81mm,右腎中盞為4.39±2.66mm;左腎下盞為6.11±2.77mm,右腎下盞為6.54±2.76mm;左腎和右腎有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(p0.05),男性和女性有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(p0.05)。8.腎小盞數(shù)量,左腎為9.78±1.96個(gè),右腎為9.63±2.14個(gè),左腎和右腎無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(p=0.081),男性和女性無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(p=0.079)。9.腎小盞頸部分型中,有頸型、半頸型、無頸型所占比例分別為75%,2.9%和22.1%,左腎和右腎有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(p0.01)。10.腎小盞盞面形態(tài),平凹型、平凸型所占比例分別為85.2%和14.8%;腎小盞盞頸位置,居中型、偏移型所占比例分別為67.5%和32.5%;左腎和右腎無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(p0.05)。11.腎小盞盞面直徑,左腎為6.37±1.40mm,右腎為6.53±1.40mm;腎小盞盞頸直徑,左腎為4.67±1.37mm,右腎為4.82±1.40mm;左腎和右腎有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(p0.05),男性和女性有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(p0.01)。12.腎小盞盞頸高徑,左腎為5.39±1.36mm,右腎為5.37±1.53mm;腎小盞盞面與盞頸夾角,左腎為91.75±5.71°,右腎為91.31±6.66°,左腎和右腎無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(p0.05),男性和女性無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(p0.05)。13.腎竇長(zhǎng)徑,左腎為58.40±9.23mm,右腎為55.05±9.06mm;腎竇寬徑,左腎為17.81±4.69mm,右腎為17.27±4.84mm;腎竇厚徑,左腎為15.44±6.56mm,右腎為12.35±4.15mm;左腎和右腎有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(p0.05),男性和女性有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(p0.05)。14.腎竇深度,左腎為34.90±4.59mm,右腎為35.29±5.35mm;腎門高度,左腎為26.46±7.27mm,右腎為22.86±6.32mm;左腎和右腎有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(p0.05),男性和女性有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(p0.05)。15.腎大盞上盞、中盞、下盞長(zhǎng)徑與腎小盞長(zhǎng)徑具有相關(guān)性,相關(guān)度和p值分別為(r=0.351,p0.01),(r=0.312,p0.01),(r=0.195,p0.01)。16.腎大盞上盞、中盞、下盞長(zhǎng)徑與腎竇長(zhǎng)徑具有相關(guān)性,相關(guān)度和p值分別為(r=0.278,p0.01),(r=0.133,p0.01),(r=0.272,p0.01)。17.腎大盞上盞、中盞、下盞寬徑與腎小盞寬徑具有相關(guān)性,相關(guān)度和p值分別為(r=0.449,p0.01),(r=0.481,p0.01),(r=0.459,p0.01)。18.腎小盞數(shù)量與腎小盞面徑、頸寬、頸高具有相關(guān)性,相關(guān)度和P值分別為(r=-0.183,p0.01),(r=-0.175,p0.01),(r=-0.156,p0.01),和腎小盞盞面與盞頸夾角無相關(guān)性(r=-0.017,p=0.727)。結(jié)論1.腎盂分型和腎盂發(fā)育形態(tài)分型變異較大,不同型別所占比例,左腎和右腎無差異,不同性別之間無差異。2.腎盂分盞處直徑和UPJ直徑變異較大,左腎和右腎無差異,不同性別之間無差異。3.腎大盞盞頸長(zhǎng)徑左腎和右腎無差異,不同性別之間無差異。腎大盞盞頸寬徑右腎比左腎寬,女性比男性寬。4.腎小盞數(shù)量無性別及左右腎差異。腎小盞盞面直徑、盞頸直徑右腎比左腎寬,女性比男性寬。腎小盞高徑及腎小盞盞面與盞頸夾角左腎和右腎無差異,不同性別之間無差異。5.腎竇大小男性比女性大,左腎比右腎大。腎門高度男性比女性高,左腎比右腎高。腎竇深度男性比女性深,而左腎和右腎無明顯差異。6.腎大盞長(zhǎng)徑、寬徑與腎小盞長(zhǎng)徑、寬徑成正相關(guān)。腎小盞數(shù)量與腎小盞面徑、頸寬、頸高成負(fù)相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:Objective to explore the anatomical structure of the renal pelvis, the renal calyx and the renal sinus and the relationship between them and to find some rules to provide the anatomical basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of renal diseases, and to provide reference data for the development of the external instruments. Methods to collect no renal and perirenal diseases, normal renal function and need abdominal CT enhanced scan. After signing informed consent book, after signing informed consent book, intravenous contrast agent, set scanning range and scanning parameters, delay 90 seconds to start the Toshiba 16 row spiral CT scan, image dismantling after transmission to post processing workstation; VR (Volume rendering), MIP (Maximum intensity projection) and MPR (Multi-planner reformation) Three dimensional reconstruction of the renal pelvis and renal calyx was observed on the VR image. The filling score of the renal pelvis and kidney was observed and the filling degree of the kidney was more than equal to 8. The morphology of the renal pelvis and the calyx was observed on the VR image, the renal pelvis and the calyx were measured on the MIP image, and on the MPR image. The renal sinus and the renal portal were measured. All the data were statistically analyzed by SPSS19.0 software. Alpha 0.05 was tested, alpha 0.05 had statistical differences. There were significant differences in alpha 0.01. Results the proportion of renal type, central type and renal type in 1. renal pelvis was 69%, 26.2% and 4.8%, and the distribution of left kidney and right kidney was not statistically poor. In p=0.812.2. renal pelvis, the proportion of ampulla, embryonal, branch and spider foot were 92.9%, 2.8%, 3.2% and 1.1% respectively. There was no statistical difference between the left kidney and right kidney (p=0.129), the left kidney of the.3. pyelonephrosis was 13.56 + 4.05mm, the right kidney was 13.65 + 4.07mm, and there was no statistical difference between the left kidney and the right kidney (p=0.780), male and female. There was no statistical difference (p=0.070).4.upj (ureteropelvicjunction, ureteropelvic junction) in diameter of left kidney was 4.35 + 1.22mm, right kidney was 4.22 + 1.23mm, there was no statistical difference between left kidney and right kidney (p=0.318). There was no statistical difference between male and female (p=0.425).5. kidney type, three large calyx 59.9%, two large 38.1%, special type 2%, left kidney. There was no statistical difference between the right kidney (p=0.407).6. renal calyx long diameter, left renal calyx 18.98 + 5.32mm, right renal calyx 18.49 + 4.94mm, left renal calyx 9.21 + 4.72mm, right renal calyx 9.06 + 3.80mm, left renal calyx 14.10 + 3.40mm, right kidney lower 13.94 + 3.30mm, left kidney and right kidney no statistical difference (P0.05), male and female no statistics The difference (P0.05).7. renal calyx wide diameter, left renal calyx 4.30 + 1.96mm, right renal calyx 4.83 + 2.28mm, left renal calyx 4.38 + 2.81mm, right renal calyx 4.39 + 2.66mm; left kidney 6.11 + 2.77mm, the right kidney is 6.54 + 2.76mm; left kidney and right kidney have statistical difference (P0.05), male and female have statistical difference (P0.05).8. kidney small kidneys The number of calyx, left kidney was 9.78 + 1.96, right kidney was 9.63 + 2.14, left kidney and right kidney had no statistical difference (p=0.081), there was no statistical difference between male and female (p=0.079).9. kidney small cervix part, there were neck, half neck type, 75%, 2.9% and 22.1%, left kidney and right kidney had statistical difference (P0.01).10. kidney calyccap shape The proportion of state, flat concave and flat convex were 85.2% and 14.8%, respectively, the proportion of the small calygal cervix position, the middle type and the offset type were 67.5% and 32.5%, the left kidney and right kidney had no statistical difference (P0.05).11. kidney small calyx diameter, left kidney 6.37 1.40mm, right kidney 6.53 + 1.40mm; small calyx neck diameter, left kidney 4.67 + 1.37mm, right kidney 4. There was a statistical difference between the left kidney and the right kidney (P0.05). There was a statistical difference between the left kidney and the right kidney (P0.01) (P0.01) the high diameter of the small calyx in.12. kidney, the left kidney was 5.37 + 1.36mm, the right kidney was 5.37 + 1.53mm, the small calyx and the cervix angle, the left kidney was 91.75 + 5.71 degrees, the right kidney was 91.31 + 6.66 degrees, and there was no statistical difference between the left kidney and the right kidney (P0.05). There was no difference between the male and the female. Statistical difference (P0.05).13. renal sinus length, left kidney was 58.40 + 9.23mm, right kidney was 55.05 + 9.06mm, renal sinus wide diameter, left kidney 17.81 + 4.69mm, right kidney 17.27 + 4.84mm, renal sinus thickness, left kidney 15.44 + 6.56mm, right kidney 12.35 + 4.15mm, left kidney and right kidney were statistically different (P0.05), male and female had statistical difference (P0.05).14. renal sinus depth The left kidney was 34.90 + 4.59mm, the right kidney was 35.29 + 5.35mm, the renal portal height, the left kidney was 26.46 + 7.27mm, the right kidney was 22.86 + 6.32mm, the left kidney and the right kidney had statistical difference (P0.05). There were statistically significant differences between the male and the female (P0.05) the upper calycate of the.15. kidney, the middle and lower calycate length were correlated with the length of the kidney, and the correlation and P value were respectively (r=0.351, P0). .01), (r=0.312, P0.01), (r=0.195, P0.01).16. renal calys, the middle calyx and the length of the lower calyx have correlation with the length of the renal sinus. The correlation and P values are (r=0.278, P0.01), (r=0.133, P0.01), and the width of the kidney is correlated with the width of the kidney. 1, P0.01), the number of (r=0.459, P0.01).18. small renal calyx was correlated with the diameter of the small calyx, neck width and neck height, and the correlation and P values were (r=-0.183, P0.01), (r=-0.175, P0.01), (r=-0.156, P0.01), and no correlation between the small calycex and the angle of the cervix. Conclusion the 1. renal pelvis and pyelodevelopment patterns were different. There was no difference between the left kidney and the right kidney. There was no difference between the.2. pyelonephrosis and the diameter of the UPJ. There was no difference between the left kidney and the right kidney. There was no difference between the.3. and the right kidneys in the different sex. There was no difference between the left kidney and the right kidney in the different sexes. The number of male wide.4. kidneys had no sex and left and right kidney differences. The diameter of the small calyx of the kidney, the diameter of the right kidney of the cervix diameter was larger than that of Zuo Shenkuan, and the female was wider than that of the male. There was no difference between the small calyx of the kidney and the small calyx of the kidney and the left kidney and right kidney of the cervix. There was no difference between the male and the right kidney in the size of the.5. renal sinus and the greater of the left kidney. Compared with the female, the left kidney was higher than the right kidney. The depth of the renal sinus was deeper in male than in the female. There was no significant difference between the left kidney and the right kidney in the long diameter of the.6. kidney. The width of the kidney was positively correlated with the length of the kidneys and the width of the kidneys. The number of small renal calys was negatively related to the size of the small calyx, the neck width and the neck height.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：R692;R322.61
本文編號(hào)：2151272
[Abstract]:Objective to explore the anatomical structure of the renal pelvis, the renal calyx and the renal sinus and the relationship between them and to find some rules to provide the anatomical basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of renal diseases, and to provide reference data for the development of the external instruments. Methods to collect no renal and perirenal diseases, normal renal function and need abdominal CT enhanced scan. After signing informed consent book, after signing informed consent book, intravenous contrast agent, set scanning range and scanning parameters, delay 90 seconds to start the Toshiba 16 row spiral CT scan, image dismantling after transmission to post processing workstation; VR (Volume rendering), MIP (Maximum intensity projection) and MPR (Multi-planner reformation) Three dimensional reconstruction of the renal pelvis and renal calyx was observed on the VR image. The filling score of the renal pelvis and kidney was observed and the filling degree of the kidney was more than equal to 8. The morphology of the renal pelvis and the calyx was observed on the VR image, the renal pelvis and the calyx were measured on the MIP image, and on the MPR image. The renal sinus and the renal portal were measured. All the data were statistically analyzed by SPSS19.0 software. Alpha 0.05 was tested, alpha 0.05 had statistical differences. There were significant differences in alpha 0.01. Results the proportion of renal type, central type and renal type in 1. renal pelvis was 69%, 26.2% and 4.8%, and the distribution of left kidney and right kidney was not statistically poor. In p=0.812.2. renal pelvis, the proportion of ampulla, embryonal, branch and spider foot were 92.9%, 2.8%, 3.2% and 1.1% respectively. There was no statistical difference between the left kidney and right kidney (p=0.129), the left kidney of the.3. pyelonephrosis was 13.56 + 4.05mm, the right kidney was 13.65 + 4.07mm, and there was no statistical difference between the left kidney and the right kidney (p=0.780), male and female. There was no statistical difference (p=0.070).4.upj (ureteropelvicjunction, ureteropelvic junction) in diameter of left kidney was 4.35 + 1.22mm, right kidney was 4.22 + 1.23mm, there was no statistical difference between left kidney and right kidney (p=0.318). There was no statistical difference between male and female (p=0.425).5. kidney type, three large calyx 59.9%, two large 38.1%, special type 2%, left kidney. There was no statistical difference between the right kidney (p=0.407).6. renal calyx long diameter, left renal calyx 18.98 + 5.32mm, right renal calyx 18.49 + 4.94mm, left renal calyx 9.21 + 4.72mm, right renal calyx 9.06 + 3.80mm, left renal calyx 14.10 + 3.40mm, right kidney lower 13.94 + 3.30mm, left kidney and right kidney no statistical difference (P0.05), male and female no statistics The difference (P0.05).7. renal calyx wide diameter, left renal calyx 4.30 + 1.96mm, right renal calyx 4.83 + 2.28mm, left renal calyx 4.38 + 2.81mm, right renal calyx 4.39 + 2.66mm; left kidney 6.11 + 2.77mm, the right kidney is 6.54 + 2.76mm; left kidney and right kidney have statistical difference (P0.05), male and female have statistical difference (P0.05).8. kidney small kidneys The number of calyx, left kidney was 9.78 + 1.96, right kidney was 9.63 + 2.14, left kidney and right kidney had no statistical difference (p=0.081), there was no statistical difference between male and female (p=0.079).9. kidney small cervix part, there were neck, half neck type, 75%, 2.9% and 22.1%, left kidney and right kidney had statistical difference (P0.01).10. kidney calyccap shape The proportion of state, flat concave and flat convex were 85.2% and 14.8%, respectively, the proportion of the small calygal cervix position, the middle type and the offset type were 67.5% and 32.5%, the left kidney and right kidney had no statistical difference (P0.05).11. kidney small calyx diameter, left kidney 6.37 1.40mm, right kidney 6.53 + 1.40mm; small calyx neck diameter, left kidney 4.67 + 1.37mm, right kidney 4. There was a statistical difference between the left kidney and the right kidney (P0.05). There was a statistical difference between the left kidney and the right kidney (P0.01) (P0.01) the high diameter of the small calyx in.12. kidney, the left kidney was 5.37 + 1.36mm, the right kidney was 5.37 + 1.53mm, the small calyx and the cervix angle, the left kidney was 91.75 + 5.71 degrees, the right kidney was 91.31 + 6.66 degrees, and there was no statistical difference between the left kidney and the right kidney (P0.05). There was no difference between the male and the female. Statistical difference (P0.05).13. renal sinus length, left kidney was 58.40 + 9.23mm, right kidney was 55.05 + 9.06mm, renal sinus wide diameter, left kidney 17.81 + 4.69mm, right kidney 17.27 + 4.84mm, renal sinus thickness, left kidney 15.44 + 6.56mm, right kidney 12.35 + 4.15mm, left kidney and right kidney were statistically different (P0.05), male and female had statistical difference (P0.05).14. renal sinus depth The left kidney was 34.90 + 4.59mm, the right kidney was 35.29 + 5.35mm, the renal portal height, the left kidney was 26.46 + 7.27mm, the right kidney was 22.86 + 6.32mm, the left kidney and the right kidney had statistical difference (P0.05). There were statistically significant differences between the male and the female (P0.05) the upper calycate of the.15. kidney, the middle and lower calycate length were correlated with the length of the kidney, and the correlation and P value were respectively (r=0.351, P0). .01), (r=0.312, P0.01), (r=0.195, P0.01).16. renal calys, the middle calyx and the length of the lower calyx have correlation with the length of the renal sinus. The correlation and P values are (r=0.278, P0.01), (r=0.133, P0.01), and the width of the kidney is correlated with the width of the kidney. 1, P0.01), the number of (r=0.459, P0.01).18. small renal calyx was correlated with the diameter of the small calyx, neck width and neck height, and the correlation and P values were (r=-0.183, P0.01), (r=-0.175, P0.01), (r=-0.156, P0.01), and no correlation between the small calycex and the angle of the cervix. Conclusion the 1. renal pelvis and pyelodevelopment patterns were different. There was no difference between the left kidney and the right kidney. There was no difference between the.2. pyelonephrosis and the diameter of the UPJ. There was no difference between the left kidney and the right kidney. There was no difference between the.3. and the right kidneys in the different sex. There was no difference between the left kidney and the right kidney in the different sexes. The number of male wide.4. kidneys had no sex and left and right kidney differences. The diameter of the small calyx of the kidney, the diameter of the right kidney of the cervix diameter was larger than that of Zuo Shenkuan, and the female was wider than that of the male. There was no difference between the small calyx of the kidney and the small calyx of the kidney and the left kidney and right kidney of the cervix. There was no difference between the male and the right kidney in the size of the.5. renal sinus and the greater of the left kidney. Compared with the female, the left kidney was higher than the right kidney. The depth of the renal sinus was deeper in male than in the female. There was no significant difference between the left kidney and the right kidney in the long diameter of the.6. kidney. The width of the kidney was positively correlated with the length of the kidneys and the width of the kidneys. The number of small renal calys was negatively related to the size of the small calyx, the neck width and the neck height.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：R692;R322.61
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