本文關鍵詞：人耳耳蝸的雙向流固耦合建模分析與主動作用機制研究　出處：《上海交通大學》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 耳蝸 基底膜 柯蒂氏器 毛細胞 主動作用 激光多普勒測振

【摘要】：經過數(shù)千年的進化歷程,哺乳動物的聽覺系統(tǒng)已經是最復雜的系統(tǒng)之一,人作為高級哺乳動物其聽力系統(tǒng)具有十分強大的功能。然而人耳復雜的功能使得人們難以輕易地了解聽覺系統(tǒng)的工作機制,尤其是耳蝸作為其中的關鍵器官,至今人們對它的傳聲機制還沒有完全弄清楚,因此對耳蝸在傳聲時的力學特性展開研究顯得非常必要。本文以提取耳蝸輸入阻抗、了解耳蝸的傳聲機制為目的,通過模型仿真分析與豚鼠耳蝸基底膜振動測試兩個方面對耳蝸宏觀力學特性和微觀力學特性進行了研究,論文主要工作包括以下五個部分。(1)建立了二維的耳蝸流固耦合模型,考慮了耳蝸內流體與基底膜的雙向流固耦合作用,分析了基底膜在卵圓窗激勵下的響應特性。結果表明:耳蝸基底膜不同位置對不同頻率的聲音敏感,驗證了頻率選擇特性。利用該模型首次計算了蝸孔大小對耳蝸基底膜響應的影響,并指出:合適的蝸孔大小可以得到合理的基底膜響應,畸形的蝸孔會導致基底膜的振動衰減,從而影響耳蝸的傳聲特性。分析了圓窗逆向激勵耳蝸時基底膜的響應特性,結果表明:逆向激勵的耳蝸傳聲效率略低于正向激勵,但基底膜的響應特性基本一致,逆向激勵是中耳助聽裝置驅動耳蝸的一種可能方式。(2)首次使用雙向流固耦合方法建立了三維的耳蝸流固耦合模型,分析了耳蝸基底膜、圓窗的位移響應,計算了耳蝸內流體壓力的分布情況,提取了耳蝸輸入阻抗,并通過耳蝸輸入阻抗、基底膜位移響應、耳蝸地圖以及耳蝸內流體壓力仿真結果與實驗值的對比,驗證了模型的可靠性。研究結果表明:耳蝸輸入阻抗隨著頻率的變化而變化,在低頻區(qū)變化平緩,在高頻區(qū)明顯增大;圓窗的振動與卵圓窗輸入是反相位的,它起到緩沖耳蝸內流體壓力的作用;耳蝸基底膜任一位置只對特定頻率的純音激勵最敏感,在該特定頻率激勵下基底膜該位置的振動最大,且相對于卵圓窗激勵的相位滯后明顯增加,驗證了基底膜的頻率選擇特性和行波特性;基于雙向流固耦合方法的有限元模型不僅可以正確地模擬基底膜的響應,還可以更準確地計算耳蝸內流體壓力的分布情況。(3)以局部柯蒂氏器為對象,建立了人耳耳蝸的微觀力學模型,給出了系統(tǒng)的運動微分方程,推導了基底膜、蓋膜-網(wǎng)織層組合結構以及外毛細胞運動的穩(wěn)態(tài)解。為了與主動耳蝸的實驗結果對比,用豚鼠耳蝸的參數(shù)代入系統(tǒng)方程中,計算了基底膜在被動耳蝸和主動耳蝸中的響應特性,發(fā)現(xiàn)主動耳蝸基底膜的響應具有非線性壓縮性和移頻特性。首次從理論上分析了主動耳蝸柯蒂氏器各結構運動之間的相位關系,發(fā)現(xiàn)外毛細胞的運動超前于組合結構的運動,而組合結構的運動又超前于基底膜的運動,并指出:柯蒂氏器各結構運動之間的相位調制影響著主動耳蝸的放大機制。對比研究了外毛細胞等效非線性阻尼和線性阻尼對主動耳蝸響應的影響,揭示了柯蒂氏器的相位調制的本質原因,并提出:外毛細胞等效非線性阻尼是相位調制的關鍵因素。(4)由于三維人耳有限元模型中并沒有包含主動作用機制,而微觀力學模型中考慮了柯蒂氏器的微觀機制。故基于微觀模型的研究結果,分析微觀的被動模型中組合結構對基底膜的作用力關系,同樣研究了微觀的主動模型中基底膜受力與被動模型中受力的比例關系,將他們應用到三維人耳有限元模型中,分析了組合結構對基底膜響應的影響和含主動力的人耳耳蝸基底膜的傳聲特性,并指出:組合結構對基底膜的響應特性影響不大;而主動的基底膜響應具有明顯的放大效果,且其最大振幅的位置與被動模型相比有所不同。(5)搭建了哺乳動物耳蝸振動測試平臺,使用激光多普勒測振儀記錄耳蝸基底膜和耳蝸輸入處鐙骨的振動情況。國內首次測試了鐙骨和基底膜在外耳道70、80和90dbspl聲激勵下的振動響應,結果表明:鐙骨的位移幅值在2khz時最大,之后緩慢地降低;基底膜的位移幅值在分析頻率范圍內有且只有一個峰值,該峰值對應的頻率就是基底膜該位置對應的最佳頻率;基底膜振動的相位在最佳頻率時迅速地降低,與行波特性一致。根據(jù)耳蝸響應與耳蝸輸入的比值,計算了耳蝸增益,并指出:耳蝸增益與激勵強度無關,是耳蝸的固有屬性。對比了本文的實驗結果與文獻報道的實驗數(shù)據(jù),驗證了本文實驗的可靠性。通過定性分析,對比了人耳耳蝸有限元模型模擬的基底膜響應與實驗測試的豚鼠耳蝸基底膜的響應結果,基底膜的響應特性基本一致,驗證了模型的有效性。
[Abstract]:After thousands of years of evolution, the mammalian auditory system is one of the most complicated system, as the hearing system has higher mammals very powerful. However, the human ear complex function makes it difficult to easily understand the working mechanism of the auditory system, especially as the key organs of the cochlea, the transmission mechanism of the people so far it is not fully understood, so the mechanical characteristics of the cochlea in sound when the research is very necessary. This paper to extract the cochlear input impedance, understand the transmission mechanism of cochlear for the purpose, through the analysis and simulation model of guinea pig cochlea basilar membrane vibration test of the two aspects of the Study on the macro mechanical properties and micro mechanical properties of the cochlea and the main work of the thesis includes the following five parts. (1) a two-dimensional cochlear fluid solid coupling model, considering the fluid within the cochlea and Effect of bidirectional flow of basement membrane coupling, analysis of the response characteristics of basement membrane in the oval window under the excitation. The results showed that the basilar membrane at different positions for different sound frequency sensitive, verify the frequency selective characteristics. The influence of pore size on the response, the cochlear basilar membrane were calculated by using the model and point out: worm hole size can get reasonable response of basement membrane, helicotrema deformity will lead to the attenuation of vibration of the basilar membrane, thus affecting the transmission characteristics of the cochlea. Analysis of the response characteristics of the basement membrane of the cochlea round window reverse encouraging results show that the reverse incentive of the cochlea is slightly lower than the sound transmission efficiency of positive incentives, but the response characteristics of the substrate the film is basically the same, the reverse incentive is a possible way to drive the middle ear hearing device cochlea. (2) the two-way flow solid coupling method to establish a three-dimensional cochlear fluid solid coupling model for the first time, analysis of the ear The cochlear basilar membrane displacement response of the round window, the distribution of fluid pressure in the cochlea were calculated from the cochlear input impedance and the input impedance of the cochlear basilar membrane, displacement response, cochlear map and the comparison between the simulation results and the experimental value of fluid pressure in the cochlea, the reliability of the model was verified. The results show that: the cochlear input the impedance changes with the change of frequency in the low-frequency region varies smoothly increases obviously in the high frequency region; the input vibration and the oval window and round window is anti phase, it plays a role in the cochlear fluid pressure buffer; cochlear basal membrane in any position only pure tone excitation of specific frequencies in the most sensitive and specific the frequency of excitation of basement membrane to the location of the maximum vibration, and the phase relative to the oval window incentive lag increased significantly, to verify the characteristics and wave characteristics of basement membrane frequency selection; based on the two-way flow solid coupling method Finite element model can accurately simulate the distribution of basement membrane, but also can accurately calculate the fluid pressure in the cochlea. (3) to the local organ of Corti for micro object, established the mechanical model of human cochlea, the differential equations of motion of the system are given, derived from the basement membrane, steady state cover film - reticular layer composite structure and outer hair cell movement solutions. In order to experimental results and active cochlear contrast with parameters of system equations in guinea pig cochlea in response was calculated in the passive and active cochlear basement membrane in the cochlea, found in response to active cochlear basilar membrane with nonlinear compression and transfer frequency characteristics for the first time. From the theoretical analysis of the phase relationship between the active cochlea Corti structure movement, that movement of outer hair cell movement in advance of the composite structure, the composite structure of movement and leading to the basement membrane The movement, and pointed out that the phase modulation between the organ of Corti the structure movement affects the amplification mechanism of the active cochlea. The response of the outer hair cells of the equivalent nonlinear damping and linear damping on the active cochlea, reveals the essential reason, phase modulation of Corti's organ of outer hair cells and proposed that the equivalent nonlinear damping is a key factor in phase modulation. (4) because of the three-dimensional finite element model of human ear does not contain active mechanism, and the micro mechanical model of senior high school entrance examination considered the microscopic mechanism of Corti's organ. So the research results based on the model of micro structure analysis, combination of the basement membrane in the micro passive force relationship model. Also on the basement membrane active model of micro force and passive model stress ratio, they will be applied to the three-dimensional finite element model of human ear, response of the composite structure of basement membrane The transmission characteristics, influence and active force of human cochlea basement membrane and pointed out that the response characteristic of the composite structure has little effect on basement membrane and the basement membrane; active response has obvious amplification effect, and the position of the maximum amplitude is different compared with the passive model. (5) to build the mammalian cochlea vibration test platform vibration using laser Doppler vibrometer recording and cochlear basilar membrane input. The first test of the domestic stapes stapes and basement membrane in the ear canal and 90dbspl 70,80 vibration response under acoustic excitation, the results show that the displacement amplitude of the stapes in maximum at 2KHz, then slowly decreased; the basilar membrane displacement amplitude analysis of the frequency range has only one peak, the best frequency corresponding to the peak value of frequency is corresponding to the position of the basilar membrane phase; basilar membrane vibration decreased rapidly in the best frequency That is consistent with the characteristics of traveling wave. According to the ratio of the input response of cochlear cochlear, calculate the cochlear gain, and points out that the cochlear gain has nothing to do with the incentive intensity, is the inherent attribute of the cochlea. Compared the experiment results with the experimental data reported in the literature, proves the reliability of this experiment. Through qualitative analysis, comparison base the membrane response and Simulation of the finite element model of human ear cochlea of guinea pig cochlear basilar membrane response, the response characteristics of the basilar membrane is consistent, verify the validity of the model.

【學位授予單位】：上海交通大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：R339.16

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