【摘要】：[目的]描述2006—2016年期間廣東省新報(bào)告職業(yè)性塵肺病的發(fā)病和分布情況,探討其流行病學(xué)特征并提出防治建議。[方法]采用SPSS 21.0軟件對(duì)"職業(yè)病與職業(yè)衛(wèi)生信息監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)"中廣東省2006—2016年塵肺病報(bào)告卡信息進(jìn)行整理和流行病學(xué)特征分析,包括病種構(gòu)成、發(fā)病年份、發(fā)病年齡、接塵工齡、地區(qū)、行業(yè)、企業(yè)規(guī)模、經(jīng)濟(jì)類(lèi)型等分布情況。[結(jié)果]2006—2016年期間廣東省新報(bào)告職業(yè)性塵肺病病例2 362例,分期以壹期(1 470例,62.24%)為主,病種以矽肺(1 568例,66.38%)為主,其他塵肺(351例,14.86%)和電焊工塵肺(252例,10.67%)為輔。新報(bào)告職業(yè)性塵肺病病例數(shù)從2006年(74例)急速上升到2011年(284例),達(dá)到小高峰后,2011—2015年呈"鋸齒式"曲折上升趨勢(shì),2015年達(dá)到高峰(309例)后,2016年(259例)降至2014年水平。職業(yè)性塵肺病新病例中,男性2 313例(97.93%),女性49例(2.07%)。壹期新病例發(fā)病年齡M(P25,P75)為44(38,49)歲,接塵工齡M(P25,P75)為9(6,14)年。各類(lèi)職業(yè)性塵肺病的高發(fā)行業(yè)以制造業(yè)為主(66.21%)。職業(yè)性塵肺病新病例數(shù)位于前5位的城市分別為佛山市(556例,23.54%)、廣州市(434例,18.37%)、深圳市(272例,11.52%)、中山市(208例,8.81%)和韶關(guān)市(167例,7.07%)。發(fā)病病例有企業(yè)聚集、群體發(fā)病的趨勢(shì),2006—2016年中發(fā)病的1 036家企業(yè)中25.39%的企業(yè)有2例以上的塵肺病。病例主要分布在私有經(jīng)濟(jì)類(lèi)型企業(yè)(55.72%),小型、中型企業(yè)塵肺病比例高(分別為37.30%和34.16%)。[結(jié)論]廣東省職業(yè)性塵肺病主要以矽肺為主。目前發(fā)病形勢(shì)整體仍處于高發(fā)期,但占全省職業(yè)病總數(shù)的比例自2013年起呈下降趨勢(shì)。
[Abstract]:[objective] to describe the incidence and distribution of newly reported occupational pneumoconiosis in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2016, to explore its epidemiological characteristics and to put forward suggestions for prevention and treatment. [methods] the information of pneumoconiosis report card in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2016 was analyzed with SPSS 21.0 software, including the composition of disease, the year of onset and the age of onset. Dust exposure, region, industry, enterprise size, economic types and other distribution. [results] from 2006 to 2016, 2,362 cases of occupational pneumoconiosis were newly reported in Guangdong Province. The major diseases were one-stage (1,470 cases, 62.24%), silicosis (1,568 cases, 66.38%), other pneumoconiosis (351 cases, 14.86%) and electric welder's pneumoconiosis (252 cases, 10.67%). The number of newly reported cases of occupational pneumoconiosis has risen sharply from 74 in 2006 to 284 in 2011, with a "zigzag" upward trend in 2011-2015, a peak in 2015 (309 cases) and a decline in 2016 (259 cases) to 2014 levels. Among the new cases of occupational pneumoconiosis, there were 2 313 cases (97.93%) in males and 49 cases (2.07%) in females. The onset age M (P25 P75) was 44 (3849) years, and the length of exposure to dust was 9 (614) years. The high incidence of occupational pneumoconiosis was mainly in manufacturing industry (66.21%). The new cases of occupational pneumoconiosis were found in Foshan City (556 cases, 23.54%), Guangzhou City (434 cases, 18.37%), Shenzhen City (272 cases, 11.52%), Zhongshan City (208 cases, 8.81%) and Shaoguan City (167 cases, 7.07%). The incidence cases were enterprise aggregation, and the trend of population incidence was 25.39% of the 1,036 enterprises from 2006 to 2016 with more than 2 cases of pneumoconiosis. Cases of pneumoconiosis were mainly distributed in private enterprises (55.72%), and the rates of pneumoconiosis in small and medium-sized enterprises were 37.30% and 34.16%, respectively. [conclusion] silicosis is the main disease of occupational pneumoconiosis in Guangdong province. At present, the overall incidence of the disease is still in the period of high incidence, but the proportion of the total number of occupational diseases in the province has decreased since 2013.
【作者單位】： 廣東省職業(yè)病防治院基層指導(dǎo)科;廣東省職業(yè)病防治院辦公室;廣東省職業(yè)病防治院院長(zhǎng)室;
【基金】：廣東省醫(yī)學(xué)科研基金(編號(hào):B2015010,C2017008)
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R135.2

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