本文選題：支氣管哮喘 + 危險因素�。� 參考：《大連醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的：支氣管哮喘是可控、可防性疾病，明確其發(fā)病的危險因素有助于減少哮喘急性發(fā)作，經(jīng)規(guī)范化治療可提高哮喘的控制水平。本研究通過問卷調(diào)查的形式了解大醫(yī)二院門診哮喘患者的發(fā)病危險因素和診治情況，為將來制定更好的哮喘防治措施，提高哮喘控制水平奠定基礎(chǔ)。 方法：選擇2013年1月至2013年3月在大連醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第二醫(yī)院（簡稱大醫(yī)二院）呼吸門診和哮喘門診就診的哮喘患者84例�；颊呔�2011年GINA指南和2008年中國哮喘防治指南制定的支氣管哮喘的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。由大醫(yī)二院的呼吸門診及哮喘門診醫(yī)生采用面對面問卷調(diào)查形式，運用通俗易懂的語音進(jìn)行描述，調(diào)查哮喘患者的發(fā)病和診治情況等。問卷內(nèi)容包括：1.患者基本資料：姓名、性別、體重、職業(yè)、病程和醫(yī)療情況等；2.哮喘的基本情況：過去1年內(nèi)門診隨診和治療情況等。3.哮喘控制情況：包括（1）2011年全球哮喘防治創(chuàng)議（Global Initiative forAsthma,GINA）制定的哮喘控制水平的方法；（2）哮喘控制測試（ACT）評分。進(jìn)行問卷調(diào)查時，問卷內(nèi)容不得空缺，共完成84份調(diào)查。采用SPSS17.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析。 結(jié)果：1、哮喘的相關(guān)危險因素：（1）宿主因素：女性患者發(fā)病率高，其中男性35例，女性49例，男女比例為1：1.4。80.95%的患者有過敏性疾病史及家族史，其中過敏性鼻炎者占47.62%。（2）環(huán)境因素：變應(yīng)原以塵螨為主（62.5%）。吸煙患者占20.24%。氣溫變化（50%）、病毒感染（46.43%）及煙塵（39.29%）占發(fā)病誘因的前3位。城市及郊區(qū)患者（88.09%）高于農(nóng)村（11.90%）。2、肺功能檢查情況：57例（67.86%）患者進(jìn)行了肺功能檢查。3、采用ICS+LABA規(guī)范治療的患者占所有調(diào)查患者比例為66.67%。4、患者自我評估部分控制及完全控制為70.24%，，但ACT評分良好以上控制水平僅為39.29%。 結(jié)論：哮喘發(fā)病的危險因素包括性別、過敏性體質(zhì)、吸煙、氣溫變化、病毒感染及煙塵等。哮喘患者的肺功能檢測和吸入激素的治療比例仍然較低且大多數(shù)患者高估了自己的哮喘控制水平。
[Abstract]:Objective: bronchial asthma is a controllable and preventable disease and its risk factors are helpful to reduce the acute attack of asthma. The standardized treatment can improve the control level of asthma. This study investigated the risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of asthma patients in the outpatient clinic of the second Hospital of Medical University through questionnaire, so as to lay a foundation for making better prevention and treatment measures for asthma and improving the level of asthma control in the future. Methods: from January 2013 to March 2013, 84 asthmatic patients were selected from the second affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University. All patients met the diagnostic criteria of bronchial asthma developed by 2011 GINA guidelines and 2008 China Asthma Prevention guidelines. The respiratory outpatients and asthma outpatients of the second Hospital of Medical University were investigated by means of face-to-face questionnaire, and the patients' incidence, diagnosis and treatment of asthma were investigated by means of simple and understandable phonetic description. The questionnaire consisted of: 1. Basic data of patients: name, sex, weight, occupation, course of disease and medical condition. Basic status of asthma: outpatient follow-up and treatment over the past year. 3. 3. Asthma control: including 1) Global Initiative for Asthma GINA (2011) developed a method for asthma control level 2) Asthma Control Test (ACTT) score. A total of 84 questionnaires were completed. SPSS17.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results the host factors: female patients had a high incidence rate, including 35 males and 49 females. The proportion of males to females was 1: 1.4.80.95% with a history of allergic diseases and family history. Among them, allergic rhinitis accounted for 47.62%) environmental factors: the allergen was mainly dust mites 62.5%. Smoking accounted for 20.24%. The temperature changes (50%), virus infection (46.43) and smoke (39.29) accounted for the first three inducements. Urban and suburban patients (88.09) were higher than those in rural areas (11.900.2.The pulmonary function examination was performed in 57 cases (67.86). The proportion of patients treated with ICS LABA was 66.67.4, and the self-assessment was partially controlled and completely controlled. The system was 70.24, but the control level of good ACT score was only 39.29. Conclusion: the risk factors of asthma include sex, allergic constitution, smoking, temperature change, virus infection and soot. Lung function tests and inhaled hormone therapy were still low in asthmatic patients and most patients overestimated their asthma control levels.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：R562.25

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