本文選題：數(shù)字放射攝影 + 受檢者��； 參考：《濟南大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的 通過對數(shù)字放射攝影（DR）檢查中受檢者輻射劑量的實際測量和調(diào)查，了解數(shù)字放射攝影檢查中常見投照部位受檢者的輻射劑量水平，為我國或山東省數(shù)字放射攝影受檢者輻射劑量指導水平的制定提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。 方法 1．現(xiàn)場測量：使用熱釋光劑量計（TLD）測量數(shù)字攝影受檢者不同部位、不同投照方向的入射體表劑量（ESD）；使用劑量面積乘積儀測量數(shù)字攝影受檢者不同投照部位、不同投照方向的劑量面積乘積（DAP）；使用現(xiàn)場調(diào)查表記錄受檢者的基本信息及投照條件，包括管電壓、毫安秒等。 2．實驗室測讀：采用RGD-3B型熱釋光劑量儀測量熱釋光劑量計的讀數(shù)，，計算出患者入射體表劑量。 3．有效劑量E估算：利用測量的DAP值，通過基于蒙特卡羅（Monte Carlo）計算方法劑量估算軟件（RefDose）進行受檢者有效劑量的估算。 結(jié)果 1．投照條件的使用情況：不同投照部位所用的kV和mAs的差別均具有統(tǒng)計學意義（F=37.05、26.02，P0.05），即使是同臺設(shè)備、同種投照部位，kV和mAs也都有較大差異，但通過后處理技術(shù)均能獲得滿意的圖像。 2．受檢者輻射劑量水平：不同投照部位受檢者入射體表劑量的差別具有統(tǒng)計學意義（F=33.47，P0.05），以腰椎側(cè)位（LAT）最高，均數(shù)為4.62mGy/次，腰椎后前位（PA）次之，均數(shù)為2.46mGy/次，胸部（PA）最低，均數(shù)為0.28mGy/次；不同投照部位受檢者劑量面積乘積的差別具有統(tǒng)計學意義（F=24.68，P0.05），以腰椎（LAT）最高，均數(shù)為2.26Gy·cm2，腹部前后位（AP）次之，均數(shù)為2.04Gy·cm2，頸椎（PA、LAT）最低，均數(shù)分別為0.28Gy·cm2和0.29Gy·cm2；不同投照部位所致受檢者有效劑量E的差別具有統(tǒng)計學意義（F=43.19，P0.05），以腹部（AP）最高，均數(shù)為0.591mSv，高于腰椎（LAT）的0.311mSv，頭顱（LAT）最低，均數(shù)為0.013mSv。 3．與傳統(tǒng)X射線攝影的比較：常見投照部位，包括胸部（PA）、胸部（LAT）、腰椎（PA）、腰椎（LAT）、腹部（AP）、骨盆（AP）受檢者入射體表劑量均低于傳統(tǒng)X射線攝影的水平（t=-5.44、-9.99、-15.87、-17.75、-8.50、-3.22，P0.05）。 4．與國內(nèi)水平的比較：本次調(diào)查的胸部正、側(cè)位片和脊柱（包括頸椎、胸椎、腰椎）正、側(cè)位片的受檢者入射體表劑量高于上海市的0.20mGy/次、0.72mGy/次、1.02mGy/次、1.63mGy/次（t=6.00、3.08、8.43、4.45，P＜0.05）； 5．與國外水平的比較：除腹部（AP）外，本次調(diào)查的胸部（PA）、胸部（LAT）、腰椎（PA）、腰椎（LAT）、骨盆（AP）受檢者入射體表劑量均高于國外同類檢查的水平（t=16.02、9.16、6.25、6.54、2.53，P0.05）；關(guān)于有效劑量E的估算結(jié)果，除腰椎（PA）以外，胸部（PA）、胸部（LAT）、腰椎（LAT）、腹部（AP）、骨盆（AP）的受檢者有效劑量E均高于國外估算結(jié)果（t=7.48、8.58、5.62、7.51、2.96，P0.05）。 結(jié)論 本研究通過數(shù)字放射攝影受檢者輻射劑量的測量與調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，與傳統(tǒng)X射線攝影相比，受檢者輻射劑量雖然有所降低，但比國外以及國內(nèi)發(fā)達地區(qū)受檢者接受的輻射劑量相對要高，鑒于DR攝影有較高的曝光寬容度，投照條件、受檢者輻射劑量存在很大的差異，往往通過后處理技術(shù)可以獲得滿意的診斷影像，預示著在數(shù)字放射攝影檢查中，需要制定受檢者輻射劑量指導水平，同時加強放射防護最優(yōu)化，以盡可能降低受檢者輻射劑量。 初步建議數(shù)字攝影中，頭顱PA、頭顱LAT、胸部PA、胸部LAT、腹部AP、骨盆AP、頸椎PA、頸椎LAT、胸椎PA、胸椎LAT、腰椎PA、腰椎LAT典型成年受檢者輻射劑量的指導水平分別為1.1、0.55、0.36、0.76、2.0、0.68、0.63、2.0、3.2、3.2、5.0、1.4mGy/次。
[Abstract]:objective
Through the actual measurement and investigation of the radiation dose of the subjects in the digital radiography (DR), the radiation dose level of the subjects in the digital radiography examination is understood, which provides the basic data for the setting of the radiation dose guidance level of the subjects in the digital radiography of our country or Shandong province.
Method
1. field measurement: using a thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) to measure the incident body surface dose (ESD) of different parts of the subjects and the direction of exposure, and the dose area multiplicative instrument to measure the dose area multiplicative (DAP) of the subjects of digital photographers in different directions, and to record the base of the subjects using a field questionnaire. This information and projection conditions include tube voltage, Ma An second and so on.
2. laboratory reading: the RGD-3B thermoluminescence dosimeter was used to measure the readings of thermoluminescence dosimeters, and the body surface dose of the patient was calculated.
3. effective dose E estimation: using the measured DAP value, the dose estimation software based on the Monte Carlo (Monte Carlo) calculation method (RefDose) was used to estimate the effective dose of the subjects.
Result
The use of 1. exposure conditions: the differences of kV and mAs used in different shooting parts were statistically significant (F=37.05,26.02, P0.05). Even the same equipment, the same location, kV and mAs were also different, but the post-processing technology could get a satisfactory image.
The radiation dose level of 2. subjects: the difference of the incidence of incident body surface dose in the subjects with different exposure sites was statistically significant (F=33.47, P0.05), the highest of the lumbar lateral position (LAT), the average number of 4.62mGy/ times, the posterior lumbar anterior position (PA), the number of 2.46mGy/ times, the lowest chest (PA), the 0.28mGy/ times, and the dose area of the different exposure sites. The difference in product was statistically significant (F=24.68, P0.05), the highest of the lumbar spine (LAT), the average number of 2.26Gy. Cm2, the second of the abdomen (AP), the number of 2.04Gy. Cm2, and the lowest level of the cervical vertebra (PA, LAT). With the highest abdominal mass (AP), the mean was 0.591mSv, higher than that of the lumbar spine (LAT) 0.311mSv, and the head (LAT) was the lowest, with a mean of 0.013mSv..
3. compared with the traditional X ray photography, the incidence of incident location, including the chest (PA), the chest (LAT), the lumbar (PA), the lumbar (LAT), the abdomen (AP), and the pelvic (AP) subjects were lower than those of the traditional X ray photography (t=-5.44, -9.99, -15.87, -17.75, -17.75).
4. compared with the domestic level: the chest positive, lateral film and spinal column (including cervical vertebra, thoracic vertebra, and lumbar vertebra) were compared with the 0.20mGy/ times in Shanghai, 0.72mGy/ times, 1.02mGy/ times, 1.63mGy/ times (t=6.00,3.08,8.43,4.45, P < 0.05).
5. compared with the foreign level: except for the abdominal (AP), the chest (PA), the chest (LAT), the lumbar (PA), the lumbar (LAT), and the pelvis (AP) subjects were all higher than those of the foreign counterparts (t=16.02,9.16,6.25,6.54,2.53, P0.05), and the results of the effective dose of E, except for the lumbar (PA), chest (PA), and chest (LAT). The effective dose E of the lumbar spine (LAT), abdomen (AP), and pelvis (AP) was higher than that of the foreign countries (t=7.48,8.58,5.62,7.51,2.96, P0.05).
conclusion
In this study, the measurement and investigation of the radiation dose of the subjects of digital radiography showed that compared with the traditional X ray photography, the radiation dose of the subjects was lower, but the radiation dose received by the examiners in the developed areas was higher than that of the foreign and domestic developed areas. In view of the higher exposure tolerance of the DR photography, the exposure conditions and the radiation of the subjects were radiated. There is a great difference in dose, and a satisfactory diagnostic image can be obtained through post-processing techniques. It indicates that in digital radiography, the level of radiation dose guidance of the subjects should be formulated and the optimization of radiation protection is strengthened so as to reduce the amount of radiant agents of the subjects as much as possible.
Preliminary suggested Digital Photography: head PA, head LAT, chest PA, chest LAT, abdominal AP, pelvic AP, cervical PA, cervical LAT, thoracic vertebra PA, thoracic vertebra LAT, and lumbar PA.

【學位授予單位】：濟南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：R814.2

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 高林峰;姚杰;鄭鈞正;錢愛君;沈耀芳;;上海市2007年X射線診斷的醫(yī)療照射應用頻率及其分布[J];環(huán)境與職業(yè)醫(yī)學;2009年06期

2 朱建國,鄧大平,侯金鵬,馮濤,楊娟娟,高梅蘭,黃曉尤;兒童攝影中面積劑量乘積測量及有效劑量估算[J];中國輻射衛(wèi)生;2000年01期

3 劉建軍;程金生;張良安;蘇旭;;胸部X射線攝影優(yōu)化研究進展[J];中國輻射衛(wèi)生;2008年01期

4 曲良勇;高林峰;姚杰;錢愛君;;數(shù)字化X射線攝影設(shè)備(DR)曝光條件與劑量學參數(shù)相關(guān)性研究[J];中國輻射衛(wèi)生;2010年03期

5 呂杰;解中福;閻曉斌;王邦明;劉偉;;DR攝影中電離室測射野的選擇對輻射劑量影響的臨床研究[J];中國輻射衛(wèi)生;2012年01期

6 崔志敏;穆晶偉;朱永峰;;DR攝影中不同攝影仟伏對成像質(zhì)量和輻射效能的影響[J];實用醫(yī)學雜志;2009年10期

7 門腎力;崔現(xiàn)成;;自動曝光控制在數(shù)字化攝影中的應用[J];醫(yī)療裝備;2010年10期

8 劉海寬;卓維海;鄭鈞正;;X射線診斷所致受檢者輻射劑量的表征與評估研究進展[J];中國醫(yī)學物理學雜志;2008年02期

9 章偉敏,丁文洪,王志康,華建明,陳根松;胸部高千伏攝影過濾方式與表面劑量相關(guān)性的實驗研究[J];中華放射醫(yī)學與防護雜志;2003年01期

10 岳保榮,范瑤華;我國X射線診斷所致受檢者體表劑量水平分析[J];中華放射醫(yī)學與防護雜志;2003年02期

本文編號：1773573