本文選題：血管內(nèi)超聲　切入點：冠狀動脈造影　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：血管內(nèi)超聲(Intravascular Ultrasound,IVUS)與冠狀動脈造影(Coronary angiography,CAG)在冠狀動脈疾病的臨床診斷上起著重要的作用,且應用最為廣泛。血管內(nèi)超聲成像能夠顯示血管的內(nèi)部信息,如管腔的橫截面信息,斑塊的形態(tài)、分布及組成等。X射線冠脈造影顯示的是血管的空間幾何信息,通過觀察血管外部形態(tài)來確定血管的病變部位。因此通過將兩種方法進行融合,能夠使它們自身的優(yōu)勢互補,得到的虛擬三維血管模型不僅能夠形象而準確的顯示血管的空間幾何信息,同時還能顯示感興趣血管段的內(nèi)部信息。早先的研究主要是針對機械旋轉型探頭獲取的IVUS圖像序列,圖像隨著導引絲的回撤會出現(xiàn)扭曲,而現(xiàn)有IVUS圖像內(nèi)外膜分割方法效果不是很理想,導致在和CAG圖像融合時復雜且誤差大,重建出來的三維血管只能看到血管空間幾何信息和病變的大概部位,并不能觀測斑塊的種類以及斑塊的形態(tài)。在此基礎上本文針對電子相控陣系統(tǒng)獲取的IVUS圖像序列、超聲信號分析得到斑塊圖像開展了與CAG圖像融合的研究,完成斑塊圖像和三維血管的融合,實現(xiàn)虛擬血管的三維重建,并對IVUS圖像的內(nèi)外膜分割方法進行了改進。本文的研究內(nèi)容主要包括:IVUS圖像的內(nèi)外膜分割、CAG圖像血管中心線的三維重建、冠狀動脈血管模型的三維重建、斑塊分類圖像與血管超聲圖像的融合、斑塊圖像與血管三維模型的融合即虛擬血管的三維重建。本文利用圖像銳化和中值濾波去除超聲圖像上的噪聲和刻度,并在此基礎上實現(xiàn)基于灰度和紋理的血管內(nèi)外膜自動分割。由于使用的IVUS圖像不存在導引絲回撤時扭曲的現(xiàn)象,所以僅需提取血管的中心線,完成血管中心線的三維重建,作為血管內(nèi)超聲圖像獲取時的回撤路徑。并將IVUS圖像序列在最佳角度下,準確定位在三維血管中心線上,同時對重構出的血管表面利用非均勻有理B樣條的方法進行平滑處理,得到血管的三維模型。最后利用RF信號頻譜分析得到的斑塊分類圖像與超聲圖像融合實現(xiàn)圖像信息匹配,并使斑塊圖像與重建的三維模型融合,準確的重構出了虛擬感興趣冠狀動脈血管的三維模型,該模型準確的再現(xiàn)了血管的內(nèi)部和外部形態(tài),在臨床上對輔助醫(yī)生診斷冠狀動脈疾病有重要的意義。
[Abstract]:Intravascular ultrasound (IVU) and coronary angiography (CAG) play an important role in the clinical diagnosis of coronary artery disease. The morphology, distribution and composition of plaques. X-ray coronary angiography shows the spatial geometric information of blood vessels, and determines the location of the lesions by observing the external morphology of the vessels. Therefore, the two methods are fused. The virtual 3D vascular model can not only visualize and accurately display the spatial geometric information of blood vessels, but also make them complement each other. Earlier studies focused on IVUS image sequences obtained by mechanically rotating probes, which were distorted as the guiding wire retreated. However, the existing internal and external membrane segmentation methods of IVUS images are not very satisfactory, which leads to the complexity and error of fusion with CAG images. The reconstructed 3D vessels can only see the geometric information of the vascular space and the general location of the lesions. The types and morphology of plaques can not be observed. On the basis of this, the image sequences of IVUS obtained by electronic phased array system are analyzed by ultrasonic signal and fused with CAG images. To complete the fusion of plaque image and three-dimensional blood vessels, realize the three-dimensional reconstruction of virtual blood vessels. The internal and external membrane segmentation method of IVUS image is improved. The main contents of this paper include the 3D reconstruction of vascular center line of IVUS image and the 3D reconstruction of coronary artery model. The fusion of plaque classification image and vascular ultrasound image, the fusion of plaque image and vascular three-dimensional model is the 3D reconstruction of virtual blood vessel. In this paper, the noise and scale of ultrasonic image are removed by image sharpening and median filtering. On this basis, the automatic segmentation of vascular inner and outer membrane based on grayscale and texture is realized. Because there is no distortion of guiding wire in the IVUS image, it is only necessary to extract the center line of blood vessel and complete the 3D reconstruction of the center line of blood vessel. As the retreat path of intravascular ultrasound image acquisition, the IVUS image sequence is accurately located on the three-dimensional vascular center line at the best angle, and the reconstructed blood vessel surface is smoothed by non-uniform rational B-spline method. Finally, using RF signal spectrum analysis, the plaque classification image and ultrasonic image are fused to achieve the image information matching, and the plaque image and the reconstructed 3D model are fused. The three-dimensional model of virtual interested coronary artery was reconstructed accurately. The model accurately reproduced the internal and external morphology of the vessel. It is of great significance to assist doctors in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：R445.1;TP391.41

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相關博士學位論文 前1條

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