日糧中添加金針菇培養(yǎng)基對(duì)斷奶仔豬的生長(zhǎng)性能、免疫和腸道菌群的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2017-07-02 15:19
本文關(guān)鍵詞:日糧中添加金針菇培養(yǎng)基對(duì)斷奶仔豬的生長(zhǎng)性能、免疫和腸道菌群的影響,,由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。
【摘要】:本文研究的目的是探究金針菇對(duì)早期斷奶仔豬的生長(zhǎng)性能、養(yǎng)分消化率、免疫和腸道菌群的影響。試驗(yàn)選取30頭健康程度良好,平均初始體重8.92±1.18kg,28日齡的三元雜交(杜洛克×長(zhǎng)白×大白)豬,,試驗(yàn)期28天。所有豬按照體重、性別、起源隨機(jī)分為5個(gè)處理組,分別添加(對(duì)照組-基礎(chǔ)日糧)0%,5%,10%,15%and 20%的金針菇文化介質(zhì)。每個(gè)處理有三個(gè)重復(fù),每個(gè)重復(fù)2頭豬。在飼養(yǎng)期間,仔豬自由采食,自由飲水,試驗(yàn)結(jié)束,所有豬進(jìn)行屠宰,從腸道食糜中獲得樣本。日糧中的FVCM對(duì)豬腸道微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的影響通過16Sr RNA基因做進(jìn)一步分析?偣32個(gè)樣本(回腸和盲腸)用amplicon pyro測(cè)序方法新型分析。通過結(jié)果分析得出,飼喂金針菇菌絲的平均日采食量和平均日增重顯著低于對(duì)照組,然而,隨著添加量的升高產(chǎn)生的平均日增重和平均日采食量的降低并沒有顯著的影響FCR的降。添加5%,10%,15%and 20%組中的methylacetic和丁酸顯著下降。只有methylacetic與對(duì)照組相比,顯著不同。然而,丁酸下降的幅度在任意5個(gè)組中都顯著不同。與對(duì)照組相比,添加10%劑量的金針菇菌絲,不斷提高TVFA的數(shù)量。添加金針菇菌絲組的粗蛋白消化率與對(duì)照組相比,顯著不同。粗纖維的提高程度與對(duì)照組相比顯著不同。與對(duì)照組相比,粗脂肪和總能的消化率呈下降趨勢(shì)。在15%處理組中,粗脂肪和總能的消化率顯著不同。各個(gè)處理組中,TNFα的活性有顯著差異,IL2的量不顯著。添加金針菇菌絲后,C3+和C4+的含量增加,5%處理組的C3+小幅下降,與對(duì)照組差異不顯著。Ig A,Ig G and Ig M的含量與對(duì)照組相比,得到提高,但是差異不顯著。我們還觀察到,總體質(zhì)量和細(xì)菌的類別分析總共產(chǎn)生563OTUs/reads,平均每個(gè)樣本的最低和最高值分別為183和423.在10%處理組中,分別觀察到擬桿菌和回腸微生物區(qū)系內(nèi)厚壁菌門的相對(duì)豐度,但是與其他組相比,沒有顯著你不同。在四個(gè)添加量組中,相對(duì)豐度最大的是桿菌,Lactobacillales and p_TM7,差異顯著。在整個(gè)研究階段,10%處理組與其他組相比,有更好的效果。從而得出,金針菇菌絲應(yīng)用到豬場(chǎng)中對(duì)生長(zhǎng)性能、健康程度和胴體品質(zhì)方面沒有影響。雖然目前金針菇應(yīng)用到反芻動(dòng)物的研究很少,這也為日后的研究起到了重要作用。
【關(guān)鍵詞】:金針菇文化介質(zhì) 生長(zhǎng)性能 營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)消化率 免疫 微生物 仔豬
【學(xué)位授予單位】:吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2016
【分類號(hào)】:S828.5
【目錄】:
- 摘要5-6
- ABSTRACT6-14
- ABBREVIATIONS14-16
- CHAPTER ONE16-23
- 1.0 INTRODUCTION16
- 1.1 Background16-18
- 1.2 Problem Statement18-20
- 1.3 Justifications and Significance20-21
- 1.4 Hypotheses21
- 1.5 Study objectives21-22
- 1.6 Structure of the study22-23
- CHAPTER TWO23-38
- 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW23
- 2.1 The pigs23
- 2.2 Weaning23-24
- 2.2.1 Consequences of Weaning23-24
- 2.3 Physiological and metabolic changes of the GIT around weaning24-26
- 2.3.1 The stomach24
- 2.3.2 Small intestine24-26
- ⅰ. Intestinal morphology24-25
- ⅱ. Digestive functions25-26
- 2.4 Background on Flammulina velutipes26-29
- 2.4.1 Specific location of F. velutipes mushroom cultivation in China27-28
- 2.4.2 Usage of Flammulina velutipes mushroom in Nutrition28-29
- 2.5 The risk of Consuming Flammulina velutipe29-30
- 2.6 General use of mushrooms in Livestock nutrition as feeds30
- 2.7 Biological active compounds of the mushrooms30-32
- 2.7.1 Immunomodulatory and antitumor effects of Flammulina velutipes cultural-medium31-32
- 2.7.2 Antioxidants mechanisms32
- 2.7.3 Antimicrobial activities32
- 2.8 Roles of β-glucans on immune system and digestive system32-34
- 2.8.1 Effects of β-glucans on innate immune system32-33
- 2.8.2 Effects of β-glucans on adaptive immune system33-34
- 2.9 Effects of Edible mushrooms on growth performance34-38
- 2.9.1 Effects of β-glucans found in the mushrooms on pig immunity35-36
- 2.9.2 Role of edible mushroom β-glucans as immune stress alleviators in weaned piglets36
- 2.9.3 Activation effects of F. velutipes cultural-medium on the Immune Function36
- 2.9.4 Activation effects of β-glucans on growth performance of weaned piglets36-38
- CHAPTER THREE38-54
- 3.0 METHODOLOGY38
- 3.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS38-41
- 3.1.1 Study site38
- 3.1.2 Preparation of the houses38-39
- 3.1.3 Preparations of Flammulina velutipes39
- 3.1.4 Experimental design39-40
- 3.1.5 Animal behavior and performance monitoring40-41
- 3.2 DATA COLLECTION41-48
- 3.2.1 Fecal collection41
- 3.2.2 Chemical analysis of feeds and feces41-42
- 3.2.3 Dry matter42-43
- 3.2.4 Crude Protein43-45
- 3.2.5 Ether Extract/ Crude lipids45-46
- 3.2.6 Gross energy46-48
- 3.2.7 Ash48
- 3.3 Digestibility Determination48-49
- 3.4 Harvesting of animals49-53
- 3.5 Statistical analysis53-54
- CHAPTER FOUR54-70
- 4.1 RESULTS54-59
- 4.1.1 Growth performance54-55
- 4.1.2 Nutrient digestibility55
- 4.1.3 SCFA activities and productions55-56
- 4.1.4 Cecal p H and Spleen Weight (g)56-59
- 4.2 RESULTS METAGENOMIC59-70
- 4.2.1 Effects of dietary supplement of FVCM on ileal microbiota diversity and composition61-62
- 4.2.2 Effects of dietary supplements of F .velutipes mycelium on cecal microbiota62-70
- CHAPTER FIVE70-83
- 5.0 DISCUSSIONS70
- 5.1 Growth Performance70-71
- 5.2 Nutrients digestibility71-73
- 5.3 Small Chain Fatty Acids73-75
- 5.4 IMMUNITY75-76
- 5.5 METAGENOMIC76-83
- CONCLUSION83-85
- RECOMMENDATIONS85-86
- REFERENCES86-101
- APPENDICES101-103
- DEDICATION103-104
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT104
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
中國(guó)期刊全文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 前2條
1 吳素蕊;趙春艷;侯波;邰麗梅;桂明英;;近5年我國(guó)食用菌生產(chǎn)區(qū)域布局情況分析[J];中國(guó)食用菌;2013年01期
2 韓省華;蘇朝安;樊安利;徐姍姍;;中國(guó)的食用菌培育利用與發(fā)展[J];中國(guó)食用菌;2008年03期
本文關(guān)鍵詞:日糧中添加金針菇培養(yǎng)基對(duì)斷奶仔豬的生長(zhǎng)性能、免疫和腸道菌群的影響,由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。
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