【摘要】：旨在探討短期或長期飼喂高水平豌豆纖維(Pea fiber,PF)對(duì)豬盲腸細(xì)菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)和主要代謝產(chǎn)物的影響。選取50頭初始體重為(7.2±0.5)kg的28日齡健康斷奶杜洛克×長白×大約克仔豬,按體重?zé)o差異原則隨機(jī)分為2組,每組5個(gè)圈,每圈5頭仔豬。處理組豬按斷奶期(試驗(yàn)開始至斷奶后30d)、生長期(斷奶后30至90d)和育肥期(斷奶后90至160d)3個(gè)不同生理階段豬對(duì)日糧纖維的耐受量,分別飼喂含10%、20%、30%PF的飼糧。對(duì)照組豬飼喂基礎(chǔ)飼糧。在第一階段(仔豬)和試驗(yàn)結(jié)束時(shí)(育肥豬)屠宰,采集盲腸食糜。以454高通量測(cè)序結(jié)合real-time PCR方法檢測(cè)微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)。氣相色譜法檢測(cè)盲腸食糜中揮發(fā)性脂肪酸含量。結(jié)果表明:1)日糧中長期或短期飼喂高水平PF對(duì)豬ADFI和ADG均無顯著影響(P0.05)。2)長期飼喂PF顯著增加豬盲腸中總揮發(fā)性脂肪酸含量,顯著降低丙酸比例(P0.05);3)高通量測(cè)序分析表明,與對(duì)照組相比,短期飼喂PF的仔豬盲腸中Firmicutes門比例下降5.6%,Proteobacteria門比例增加4.3%;長期飼喂PF的肥育豬盲腸中Bacteroidetes門比例增加4.8%,Firmicutes門比例下降6.8%,采食PF后豬盲腸中存在獨(dú)有優(yōu)勢(shì)菌屬。4)Real-time PCR結(jié)果進(jìn)一步證實(shí),與對(duì)照組相比,短期飼喂PF可顯著增加仔豬盲腸中總細(xì)菌、Bacteroides-Prevotella-Porphyromonas(BPP)、Enterococcus、Clostridiumcluster IV的拷貝數(shù)(P0.05),極顯著增加Bacteroidetes、Lactobacillus和Desulfovibrio desulfuricans數(shù)量(P0.01),極顯著降低Firmicutes數(shù)量(P0.01);長期飼喂PF可極顯著增加肥育豬盲腸中D.desulfuricans數(shù)量(P≤0.01),顯著降低總細(xì)菌、BPP、Helicobacter-Flexispira-Wollinella(HFW)數(shù)量(P0.05),極顯著降低Enterococcus、Streptococcus和Clostridium cluster I數(shù)量(P≤0.01)。因此,豬后腸細(xì)菌群落(尤其是氫營養(yǎng)菌)可對(duì)日糧中高水平的PF做出迅速響應(yīng),短鏈脂肪酸比例的變化暗示這種菌群結(jié)構(gòu)的改變與后腸微生物發(fā)酵方式的改變有關(guān)。日糧中添加高水平PF雖然可降低盲腸中條件致病菌(如Streptococcus)并提高有益菌(如Lactobacillus)的數(shù)量,但很可能不利于盲腸微生物發(fā)酵產(chǎn)生丁酸。
[Abstract]:The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of short-term or long-term feeding of high level pea fiber (Pea fiber,PF) on bacterial community structure and main metabolites in pig cecum. Fifty 28-day-old weanling Duroc 脳 Changbai 脳 York piglets with initial body weight of (7.2 鹵0.5) kg were randomly divided into two groups with 5 circles in each group and 5 piglets in each lap according to the principle of no difference in body weight. The pigs in the treatment group were fed 10% and 20% of dietary fiber tolerance to dietary fiber at three different physiological stages: weanling period (from the beginning of the experiment to 30 days after weanling), growing period (30 to 90 days after weanling) and fattening period (90 to 160 days after weanling). 30%PF diet. The pigs in the control group were fed with basic diet. At the end of the first stage (piglets) and at the end of the trial (fattening pigs), cecum chyme was collected. The microbial community structure was detected by high throughput sequencing and real-time PCR. The content of volatile fatty acids in cecum chyme was determined by gas chromatography. The results showed that: 1) long-term or short-term diet of high level PF had no significant effect on ADFI and ADG of pigs (P 0.05). 2) long-term feeding of PF significantly increased the content of total volatile fatty acids in cecum of pigs and significantly decreased the proportion of propionic acid (P 0.05). 3) High throughput sequencing analysis showed that compared with the control group, the proportion of firmicutes in cecum of piglets fed with PF decreased by 5.6%, and the proportion of Proteobacia increased by 4.3%. The proportion of Bacteroidetes in the cecum of finishing pigs fed with PF for a long time increased by 4.8%, while the proportion of firmicutes decreased by 6.8%. 4) the results of Real-time PCR further confirmed that compared with the control group, there were unique dominant bacteria in the cecum of pigs fed with PF. Short-term feeding with PF significantly increased the total bacteria in caecum of piglets, the copy number of Bacteroides-Prevotella-Porphyromonas (BPP), Enterococcus,Clostridiumcluster IV (P05), the number of Bacteroidetes,Lactobacillus and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (P01), and the number of Firmicutes (P01). Long-term feeding of PF significantly increased the number of D.desulfuricans in cecum of finishing pigs (P 鈮，

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