【摘要】：為了解內(nèi)蒙古阿拉善地區(qū)駱駝生活環(huán)境水生雙翅目昆蟲(chóng)的種類及分布,探討不同水生雙翅目昆蟲(chóng)作為駱駝福斯盤尾絲蟲(chóng)(Onchocerca fasciata)中間宿主的可能性,并通過(guò)分子分類學(xué)水平了解水生雙翅目昆蟲(chóng)種間相互關(guān)系,作者于2014年間,對(duì)內(nèi)蒙古阿拉善荒漠化草原地區(qū)駱駝生活環(huán)境中水生雙翅目昆蟲(chóng)進(jìn)行了采集和調(diào)查；并首先應(yīng)用傳統(tǒng)形態(tài)學(xué)分類方法對(duì)其種屬進(jìn)行了鑒定,之后提取昆蟲(chóng)全基因組DNA,利用通用引物(LCO1490、 HC02198)擴(kuò)增其各自的COI基因序列,并進(jìn)行克隆及測(cè)序,最后用DNASTAR生物軟件對(duì)序列進(jìn)行同源性比較和分析,建立分子系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹(shù)。形態(tài)學(xué)鑒定結(jié)果表明,共獲得水生雙翅目昆蟲(chóng)21科42屬49種,其中有6個(gè)未定種。在已確定的水生雙翅目昆蟲(chóng)中,有18種為內(nèi)蒙古新記錄種。在內(nèi)蒙古阿拉善左旗荒漠化草原地區(qū)的駱駝生活環(huán)境中,蛋形擬突搖蚊(Paracladius ovatus)為水生雙翅目昆蟲(chóng)優(yōu)勢(shì)種,占該地區(qū)水生雙翅目昆蟲(chóng)總數(shù)的12.92%。統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,在水生雙翅目昆蟲(chóng)中,芒角亞目(ARISTOCERA)占比為45.22%；長(zhǎng)角亞目(NEMATOCERA)占比為42.89%；短角亞目(BRACHYCERA)占比為11.89%。藍(lán)裸顏水蠅(Psilephydra cyanoprosopa)、蛋形擬突搖蚊(Paracladius ovatus)和石門臺(tái)行脈長(zhǎng)足虻(Gymnopternus shimentaiensis)分別是芒角亞目、長(zhǎng)角亞目和短角亞目中的優(yōu)勢(shì)種。分子分類學(xué)研究顯示,12種水生雙翅目昆蟲(chóng)的COI序列同源性在75.9%～97.3%之間。不同科之間大部分水生雙翅目昆蟲(chóng)差異顯著,科內(nèi)不同屬間差異也較明顯。通過(guò)上述研究,基本上掌握了內(nèi)蒙古駱駝生活環(huán)境水生雙翅目昆蟲(chóng)的類別,為后期駱駝福斯盤尾絲蟲(chóng)病傳播媒介種屬的確定提供了重要的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)；也為了解各水生雙翅目昆蟲(chóng)之間的親緣關(guān)系和系統(tǒng)發(fā)育進(jìn)化情況,奠定了必要的基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:In order to understand the species and distribution of aquatic Diptera insects in the living environment of camel in Alashan area of Inner Mongolia, the possibility of different aquatic Diptera insects acting as the intermediate host of (Onchocerca fasciata) was discussed. Based on the molecular taxonomic level, the authors collected and investigated the aquatic Diptera insects in the living environment of camel in Alashan grassland, Inner Mongolia, in 2014 through the understanding of the interspecific relationship between the aquatic Diptera insects and the aquatic Diptera insects in the desert steppe area of Alashan, Inner Mongolia. At first, the species and genera were identified by traditional morphological classification method, and then the whole genome DNA, of insects was extracted and their COI gene sequences were amplified by universal primers (LCO1490, HC02198), cloned and sequenced. Finally, DNASTAR biological software was used to compare and analyze the homology of the sequences, and the phylogenetic tree was established. The results of morphological identification showed that 49 species belonging to 42 genera, 21 families were obtained, among which 6 undetermined species were obtained. Among the identified aquatic Diptera, 18 species are newly recorded in Inner Mongolia. In the living environment of camels in Alashan Zuo Banner, Inner Mongolia, (Paracladius ovatus) is the dominant species of aquatic Diptera, accounting for 12.92% of the total number of aquatic Diptera insects in this area. The statistical data showed that the percentage of (ARISTOCERA), (NEMATOCERA) and (BRACHYCERA) in aquatic Diptera was 45.22%, 42.89% and 11.89%, respectively. The blue naked water fly (Psilephydra cyanoprosopa), egg-shaped quasitilus (Paracladius ovatus) and Shimentai (Gymnopternus shimentaiensis) are the dominant species of the suborder Mengkorya, the suborder of long-hornae and the suborder of short-horned suborder, respectively. Molecular taxonomic studies showed that the COI sequence homology of 12 species of aquatic Diptera was 75.9% / 97.3%. There were significant differences in most aquatic Diptera insects among different families, as well as among different genera in Kone. Based on the above studies, the classification of aquatic Diptera insects in the living environment of camel in Inner Mongolia was basically mastered, which provided important basic data for the determination of the vector genus of Cercoscysticercosis in the later stage of camel. It also laid a necessary foundation for understanding the phylogenetic relationship and phylogeny of the aquatic Diptera insects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S858.24;Q969

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