【摘要】：牛心樸子和變異黃芪是我國西部地區(qū)的毒害草,主要分布在我國內(nèi)蒙古、寧夏、甘肅等地區(qū)。變異黃芪的主要毒性物質是苦馬豆素,而牛心樸子的主要毒性物質目前尚未確定,牲畜誤食這兩種毒害草都會中毒甚至死亡,對草地畜牧業(yè)造成了很大的損失。毒害草是特定草原生態(tài)群落的重要組成部分,有其存在的意義。目前對這兩種毒害草的主要研究在其毒性方面及其防控方法方面,而對毒害草具體的開發(fā)利用較少,且自2008年后對阿左旗的毒草調(diào)查暫無更新,本文就牛心樸子和變異黃芪在左旗荒漠草原的分布情況進行了實地樣方調(diào)查,以期為當?shù)氐牟莸毓芾硖峁┮罁?jù)。本文還研究探討了不同添加劑對牛心樸子和變異黃芪青貯的影響,從青貯發(fā)酵品質、營養(yǎng)價值和有毒物質是否減少或降解來說明青貯的效果,為這兩種毒害草的開發(fā)利用提供一定理論依據(jù)。本研究主要取得以下成果：1經(jīng)過兩年的調(diào)查可知變異黃芪在阿左旗荒漠草原的分布面積為0.13-1.02萬公頃,牛心樸子的分布面積在3.95-4.63萬公頃,此結果同之前的調(diào)查結果相差很大,可能與調(diào)查區(qū)域范圍和調(diào)查所用方法不同有關。通過分析不同相對多度的牛心樸子和變異黃芪對其群落物種多樣性的影響的結果可知,群落內(nèi)的物種多樣性并未受到牛心樸子和變異黃芪的顯著影響。2在實驗室條件下添加乳酸菌制劑(濃度為1mg/kg、23mg/kg、45mg/kg)和纖維素酶(濃度為25mg/kg、50mg/kg、 100mg/kg)對牛心樸子進行青貯。青貯60天后開蓋測定青貯料的發(fā)酵品質指標(感官鑒定、pH值、可溶性碳水化合物、氨態(tài)氮含量、乳酸、乙酸、丙酸和丁酸含量)和營養(yǎng)成分指標(干物質、灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、中性洗滌纖維、酸性洗滌纖維、鈣和磷的含量)。結果表明：兩種添加劑對牛心樸子青貯效果都有一定的影響,綜合考慮各個指標,中高濃度的兩種添加劑都能顯著改善牛心樸子青貯的效果,以高濃度組的效果最好。3在實驗室條件下添加乳酸菌制劑(濃度為1mg/kg、23mg/kg、45mg/kg)、纖維素酶(濃度為25mg/kg、50mg/kg、100mg/kg)、腈菌唑(濃度為4μl/ml、8μl/ml、10μl/ml)和嘧菌酯(濃度為1μg/ml、2.5μg/ml、5ng/ml)對變異黃芪進行青貯。青貯60天后開蓋測定青貯料的發(fā)酵品質指標(感官鑒定、pH值、可溶性碳水化合物、氨態(tài)氮含量、乳酸、乙酸、丙酸和丁酸含量)、營養(yǎng)成分指標(干物質、灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、中性洗滌纖維、酸性洗滌纖維、鈣和磷的含量)和苦馬豆素的含量。結果表明：中高濃度的乳酸菌制劑和纖維素酶都可以改善變異黃芪的青貯效果,以高濃度組的效果最好,而各個濃度的腈菌唑和嘧菌酯處理都沒有提高變異黃芪的青貯效果,而且結果表明青貯并不能降低或降解變異黃芪中苦馬豆素的含量。
[Abstract]:Prunus niuxinensis and Astragalus membranaceus are toxic grass in western China, mainly distributed in Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu and other regions. The main toxic substance of Astragalus membranaceus is hyacinine, but the main toxic substance of Prunus chinensis is not determined at present. Livestock can be poisoned or even died by eating these two poisonous grass by mistake, which has caused great losses to grassland animal husbandry. Poisonous grass is an important part of special grassland ecological community, and has its existence significance. At present, the main research on these two poisonous grass is in its toxicity aspect and its prevention and control method, but the specific development and utilization of the poison grass is relatively few, and since 2008, there has been no update of the poisonous grass investigation on the Azuo flag. In this paper, the distribution of Niu Xin Pu Zi and Astragalus membranaceus in Zuo Banner desert steppe was investigated in order to provide the basis for local grassland management. The effects of different additives on the fermentation quality, nutritional value and toxic substances of the silage were also studied. It provides some theoretical basis for the development and utilization of these two poisonous grasses. The main results of this study were as follows: 1 after two years of investigation, the distribution of Astragalus membranaceus in the desert steppe of Azuo Banner was 0.13-10.02 million hectares, and the distribution area of Prunus Niuxin was 39.5 to 463 thousand hectares. This result is very different from the previous survey results and may be related to the regional scope of the survey and the methods used in the survey. By analyzing the effects of different relative abundance of Prunus kusinensis and Astragalus membranaceus on the species diversity of its community, we can know that, Species diversity in the community was not significantly affected by Prunus chinensis and Astragalus mutans. 2 Lactic acid bacteria (1 mg / kg, 23 mg / kg, 45 mg / kg) and cellulase (25 mg / kg / kg, 50 mg / kg) were added under laboratory conditions. 100mg/kg). The fermentation quality indexes (sensory identification, pH value, soluble carbohydrate, ammonia nitrogen content, lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid) and nutritional components (dry matter, ash, crude protein) were determined after 60 days of silage. Crude fat, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, calcium and phosphorus content). The results showed that the two additives had a certain influence on the silage effect of Cowherd Park seed silage. Considering each index synthetically, two kinds of additives of middle and high concentration could significantly improve the silage effect of Cow Heart Park seed silage. The best effect was in the high concentration group. 3 adding lactic acid bacteria (1 mg / kg ~ (23) mg / kg ~ (45 mg / kg), cellulase (25 mg / kg ~ (50 mg / kg) / kg ~ (100 mg / kg), nitrilonitrile (4 渭 l 路ml ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) in laboratory condition. 8 渭 l / ml (10 渭 l/ml) and 1 渭 g / ml (2.5 渭 g / ml) of azoxystrobin (1 渭 g / ml) were used to silage Astragalus mutans. The fermentation quality index (sensory identification, pH value, soluble carbohydrate, ammonia nitrogen content, lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid content), nutrition index (dry matter, ash, crude protein) were determined after 60 days of silage. Content of crude fat, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, calcium and phosphorus) and kelabinine. The results showed that both medium and high concentrations of lactic acid bacteria and cellulase could improve the silage effect of Astragalus mutans. The results showed that the silage could not decrease or degrade the content of kelabinol in Astragalus membranaceus.
【學位授予單位】：西北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S812

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