【摘要】：引起仔豬腹瀉的原因很多,包括病原微生物(病毒、細(xì)菌等)、飼料衛(wèi)生、環(huán)境溫度突然降低等,其中細(xì)菌性腹瀉是影響仔豬健康生長、甚至導(dǎo)致仔豬死亡的重要原因之一。本研究的目的是對陜西某規(guī)�；i場腹瀉仔豬進(jìn)行病原菌的分離鑒定,然后進(jìn)行藥敏試驗(yàn),為豬場仔豬細(xì)菌性腹瀉的有效防治提供參考。(1)2014年10月至2015年4月,在陜西某規(guī)�；i場采集30日齡內(nèi)腹瀉仔豬的肛門拭子43份,經(jīng)細(xì)菌分離培養(yǎng)、染色鏡檢和生化試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明,從這43個(gè)腹瀉病料中都分離出了細(xì)菌,其中在每份病料中都分離出了大腸埃希菌,分離率為100%(43/43),其他細(xì)菌的分離率從高到低依次為變形桿菌18.60%(8/43),糞鏈球菌16.28%(7/43),芽胞桿菌13.95%(6/43),葡萄球菌9.3%(4/43),酵母菌9.30%(4/43),沙門菌2.33%(1/43)。(2)根據(jù)臨床表現(xiàn)和分離鑒定結(jié)果,從初步診斷為大腸埃希菌所致疾病的病料中隨機(jī)挑選三株分離到的大腸埃希菌進(jìn)行小鼠致病性試驗(yàn),在接種后18h左右3只小鼠全部死亡的有兩株,說明分離菌株的致病性很強(qiáng);對這三株大腸埃希菌進(jìn)行血清型鑒定,血清型分別為O141(2株,致病)和O20(1株,不致病)。接種沙門菌的小鼠在接種后13h左右3只小鼠全部死亡,說明分離菌株的致病性很強(qiáng);對疑似沙門菌進(jìn)行血清型鑒定,確定為B群的鼠傷寒沙門菌(S.Typhimurium),血清型為O4。接種O21和變形桿菌的小鼠精神狀況和飲食欲一直沒有明顯變化,也沒有出現(xiàn)死亡,說明分離菌株致病力很弱或無致病性。對疑似沙門菌及變形桿菌進(jìn)行了基因組序列測定,經(jīng)NCBI Blast基因比對,所比對序列與目標(biāo)序列的同源性都為99%,確定為沙門菌和變形桿菌。(3)藥敏試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,大腸埃希菌對慶大霉素、環(huán)丙沙星、新霉素、卡那霉素、鏈霉素和恩諾沙星敏感,部分對四環(huán)素、氨芐西林鈉耐藥;沙門菌對頭孢曲松鈉敏感,對慶大霉素、四環(huán)素、氨芐西林鈉、新霉素、卡那霉素、鏈霉素和恩諾沙星耐藥;變形桿菌對慶大霉素、環(huán)丙沙星、卡那霉素、鏈霉素、恩諾沙星敏感,對頭孢曲松鈉、四環(huán)素、氨芐西林鈉耐藥。綜上所述,可選用慶大霉素、卡那霉素、新霉素等對大腸埃希菌引起的仔豬腹瀉進(jìn)行藥物治療,對沙門氏菌引起的仔豬腹瀉可以選用頭孢曲松鈉進(jìn)行治療。在引起仔豬腹瀉的病原菌中,大腸埃希菌最為重要的病原菌;沙門菌的分離率雖然低,但分離菌株為鼠傷寒沙門菌,且分離菌株對大多數(shù)抗生素有耐藥性。
[Abstract]:There are many causes of piglet diarrhea, including pathogenic microorganism (virus, bacteria), feed hygiene, environmental temperature suddenly reduced, among which bacterial diarrhea is one of the important factors that affect the healthy growth of piglets and even lead to the death of piglets. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify pathogenic bacteria from piglets with diarrhea in a large scale pig farm in Shaanxi province, and then to carry out drug sensitivity tests to provide a reference for the effective prevention and treatment of bacterial diarrhea in piglets. (1) from October 2014 to April 2015, 43 anal swabs of diarrhea piglets within 30 days of age were collected from a large-scale pig farm in Shaanxi Province. The bacteria were isolated from 43 samples of diarrhea diseases by bacteria isolation, staining, microscopic examination and biochemical tests. Among them, Escherichia coli was isolated from each sample, the isolation rate was 100% (43 / 43), the isolation rate of other bacteria was 18.60% (8 / 43) of Proteus and 16.28% (7 / 43) of Streptococcus faecalis. Bacillus 13.95% (6 / 43), Staphylococcus 9.3% (4 / 43), yeast 9.30% (4 / 43), Salmonella 2.33% (1 / 43). (2) based on clinical manifestations and isolation and identification. Three strains of Escherichia coli were randomly selected from the materials from which the disease was diagnosed as Escherichia coli to test the pathogenicity of mice. All the 3 mice died at 18 h after inoculation, which indicated that the pathogenicity of the isolated strains was very strong. The three strains of Escherichia coli were identified as O 141 (2 strains, pathogenicity) and O 20 (1 strain, not pathogenic). All of the three mice inoculated with Salmonella died at about 13 h after inoculation, indicating that the isolated strains had strong pathogenicity, and the serum type of Salmonella suspectus was identified as Group B Salmonella typhimurium (S.Typhimurium), the serotype was O _ 4. The mental state and diet desire of mice inoculated with O21 and Proteus did not change obviously, and there was no death, which indicated that the virulence of the isolated strain was very weak or no pathogenicity. The genomic sequences of Salmonella suspectus and Proteus were sequenced. By NCBI Blast gene alignment, the homology between the alignment sequence and the target sequence was 99%, which was determined to be Salmonella and Proteus. (3) the results of drug sensitivity test showed that, Escherichia coli was sensitive to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, neomycin, kanamycin, streptomycin and enrofloxacin, and was partially resistant to tetracycline and ampicillin sodium. Salmonella was sensitive to ceftriaxone sodium and resistant to gentamicin tetracycline ampicillin neomycin kanamycin streptomycin and enrofloxacin. Proteus is sensitive to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, streptomycin, enrofloxacin, and resistant to ceftriaxone sodium, tetracycline, ampicillin sodium. To sum up, gentamicin, kanamycin and neomycin can be used to treat diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli in piglets, and ceftriaxone sodium can be used to treat diarrhea caused by salmonella. Among the pathogens causing diarrhea in piglets, Escherichia coli is the most important one. Although the isolation rate of Salmonella is low, the isolated strain is Salmonella typhimurium, and the isolates are resistant to most antibiotics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S858.28

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