發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-07 09:16

【摘要】：本研究通過(guò)乳酸菌添加劑青貯、混合青貯的方式來(lái)使高水分的多花黑麥草的青貯品質(zhì)和有氧穩(wěn)定性得到提高,并通過(guò)研究三個(gè)不同茬次的青貯效果篩選出最適合青貯的刈割茬次,旨在為我國(guó)西南地區(qū)多花黑麥草的合理利用和大規(guī)模青貯推廣應(yīng)用提供技術(shù)支撐。結(jié)論如下:1、乳酸菌對(duì)多花黑麥草青貯品質(zhì)及有氧穩(wěn)定性的影響在高含水量(85.23%)的條件下,無(wú)論是否添加乳酸菌,丁酸的含量和氨態(tài)氮/總氮均未能達(dá)到優(yōu)質(zhì)青貯的條件,但乳酸菌添加組青貯品質(zhì)優(yōu)于未添加組;當(dāng)含水量為74.70%時(shí),添加乳酸菌組的pH值、丁酸以及氨態(tài)氮/總氮顯著低于對(duì)照組,乳酸含量極顯著高于對(duì)照組,青貯品質(zhì)優(yōu)于未添加組,且隨著添加濃度的增加青貯品質(zhì)更佳;在含水量為65.70%的條件下,無(wú)論是否添加乳酸菌添加劑,青貯飼料均能獲得較好的青貯品質(zhì),但乳酸菌添加組的pH值、氨態(tài)氮/總氮均顯著低于對(duì)照組,青貯品質(zhì)較對(duì)照組更佳。添加乳酸菌可以提高多花黑麥草青貯飼料的品質(zhì),使乳酸含量上升,丁酸、氨態(tài)氮含量下降等;但對(duì)青貯飼料的有氧穩(wěn)定性并無(wú)改善作用,且促進(jìn)了二次發(fā)酵。含水量65.70%+107 cfu/g鮮樣處理的青貯效果最佳。2、水稻秸稈對(duì)多花黑麥草青貯品質(zhì)及有氧穩(wěn)定性的影響多花黑麥草與水稻秸稈混合青貯,可顯著降低青貯飼料的氨態(tài)氮和丁酸含量,其中R2(多花黑麥草:水稻秸稈為8:2)的氨態(tài)氮/總氮最低,R3(多花黑麥草:水稻秸稈為7:3)的丁酸含量最低,且R3的V-score評(píng)分顯著高于其他處理,添加水稻秸稈能使青貯飼料發(fā)酵品質(zhì)顯著提高;混合青貯可降低pH值和氨態(tài)氮/總氮的上升速度,降低干物質(zhì)和可溶性碳水化合物含量的下降幅度,在一定程度上抑制二次發(fā)酵,提高青貯飼料的有氧穩(wěn)定性。從青貯品質(zhì)、有氧穩(wěn)定性以及秸稈利用最大化的角度出發(fā),建議多花黑麥草與水稻秸稈以7:3進(jìn)行混貯。3、不同刈割茬次對(duì)多花黑麥草青貯品質(zhì)的影響對(duì)三茬多花黑麥草原料進(jìn)行青貯,比較其品質(zhì),結(jié)果顯示,第二茬青貯飼料的pH值、氨態(tài)氮/總氮、丁酸含量低于其他茬次,在含水量為75%的條件下,以上指標(biāo)差異顯著;在含水量為65%的條件下,僅第二茬青貯飼料的pH值低于4.2。青貯飼料的粗蛋白含量第二茬最高,差異顯著,且含水量為65%的青貯品質(zhì)優(yōu)于75%。因此,以第二茬作為青貯材料效果最佳。
[Abstract]:In this study, the silage quality and aerobic stability of high water content ryegrass were improved by lactic acid bacteria additive silage and mixed silage. In order to provide technical support for rational utilization and large-scale silage application of ryegrass in Southwest China, the best mowing times for silage were selected by studying the silage effects of three different crop stages. The conclusions are as follows: 1. The effects of lactic acid bacteria on the silage quality and aerobic stability of ryegrass were studied under the condition of high water content (85.23%), whether or not lactic acid bacteria were added. The content of butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen / total nitrogen could not reach the condition of high quality silage, but the silage quality of lactic acid bacteria adding group was better than that of no adding group. When the water content was 74.70, the pH value, butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen / total nitrogen of the lactobacillus group were significantly lower than those of the control group, the content of lactic acid was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the silage quality was better than that of the control group. The silage quality was better with the increase of the concentration. Under the condition of water content of 65.70%, the silage could obtain better silage quality whether or not lactic acid bacteria additive was added, but the pH value and ammonia nitrogen / total nitrogen of the lactobacillus added group were significantly lower than that of the control group. The silage quality was better than that of the control group. The addition of lactic acid bacteria could improve the quality of ryegrass silage, increase the content of lactic acid, decrease the content of butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen, but had no effect on the aerobic stability of silage and promote the secondary fermentation. The effects of rice straw on the silage quality and aerobic stability of ryegrass were studied. The content of ammonia nitrogen and butyric acid in silage was significantly decreased, and the content of ammonia nitrogen and butyric acid in R2 (Ryegrass polyflower: 8:2 rice straw) was the lowest, and the butyric acid content in R3 (Polyflower ryegrass: Rice straw 7:3) was the lowest. The V-score of R3 was significantly higher than that of other treatments, and the fermentation quality of silage could be improved by adding rice straw. The mixed silage could reduce the pH value and the rising rate of ammonia nitrogen / total nitrogen, decrease the content of dry matter and soluble carbohydrate, inhibit the secondary fermentation to a certain extent, and improve the aerobic stability of silage. From the view of silage quality, aerobic stability and maximization of straw utilization, it is suggested that more ryegrass and rice straw should be mixed at 7:3. Effects of different cutting times on silage quality of Lolium multifloral ryegrass. The results showed that the pH value, ammonia nitrogen / total nitrogen and butyric acid content of the second crop silage were lower than those of the other crops. Under the condition of 75% water content, the difference of the above indexes is significant. Under the condition of water content of 65%, the pH value of the second silage was lower than 4.2. The content of crude protein in the second crop of silage was the highest, the difference was significant, and the silage quality of 65% water content was better than that of 75%. Therefore, the second crop is the best silage material.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S816.53

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