【摘要】：霉菌毒素是有毒的霉菌次級(jí)代謝產(chǎn)物,能夠降低飼料的飼喂價(jià)值,影響畜禽的生產(chǎn)性能,對(duì)動(dòng)物組織機(jī)能、健康產(chǎn)生不利影響,甚至導(dǎo)致畜禽死亡。玉米、小麥、稻谷等谷物現(xiàn)已深受霉菌毒素問題的困擾。影響比較大的霉菌毒素包括黃曲毒素(AF)、嘔吐毒素、單端孢霉烯族毒素、赭曲霉毒素、煙曲霉毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮。本課題調(diào)研了我國(guó)2013年各月份的飼料原料(谷物:玉米、小麥,玉米副產(chǎn)物:DDGS、玉米胚芽粕等,其他原料:餅粕類),所需樣品均隨機(jī)選取自亞太中慧集團(tuán)及各分公司,并且樣品均具有代表性,玉米小麥均是從全國(guó)各地收的谷物顆粒,玉米副產(chǎn)物及餅粕類原料是加工廠家的加工成的袋裝成品原料。通過這些樣品主要檢測(cè)并分析玉米赤霉烯酮和嘔吐毒素兩種毒素,其中玉米赤霉烯酮的含量通過ELISA檢測(cè)方法,嘔吐毒素含量通過殘留酶聯(lián)免疫檢測(cè)的檢測(cè)方法。研究結(jié)果如下:1.霉菌毒素受溫度、濕度影響,一般溫度濕度越高其污染越厲害,不同季節(jié)的污染和超標(biāo)率均不相同;且毒素之間有相關(guān)性即可以相互影響。玉米赤霉烯酮與嘔吐毒素的污染曲線相類似。2.所有原料中玉米副產(chǎn)物中玉米赤霉烯酮和嘔吐毒素的污染最為嚴(yán)重含量最高;其次為玉米,其中玉米赤霉烯酮、嘔吐毒素污染較為普遍并且污染也比較嚴(yán)重,其中兩種毒素中玉米赤霉烯酮污染最為嚴(yán)重;污染排第三的是能量飼料小麥,小麥在整年的數(shù)據(jù)中顯示,嘔吐毒素含量較高,而玉米赤霉烯酮的含量很低;其他飼料原料(餅粕類)霉菌毒素含量較低。霉菌毒素的污染對(duì)人類的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和動(dòng)物的健康的影響是巨大的,因此,通過所測(cè)得數(shù)據(jù)分析了玉米赤霉烯酮和嘔吐毒素的在2013年含量及分布情況及相關(guān)性,可以為飼料安全生產(chǎn)和食品安全提供一定的參考,減少經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。
[Abstract]:Mycotoxin is a toxic secondary metabolite of mold, which can reduce the feeding value of feed, affect the production performance of livestock and poultry, adversely affect the tissue function and health of animals, and even lead to the death of livestock and poultry. Corn, wheat, rice and other cereals are now plagued by mycotoxins. The more significant mycotoxins include aflatoxin (AF), vomiting toxin, monosporin toxin, ochratoxin, aspergillus fumigatus toxin, zearalenone. In this paper, the feed materials (grain: corn, wheat, corn by-products: DDGS, corn germ meal, other raw materials: cake) in China in 2013 were investigated. The samples were randomly selected from Asia Pacific Zhonghui Group and its branches. The samples are representative, corn and wheat are grain grains collected from all parts of the country, corn by-products and cake raw materials are the raw materials of bagged products processed by processing factories. The content of zearalenone and vomiting toxin was detected by ELISA and the content of vomit toxin was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa). The results are as follows: 1. Mycotoxins are affected by temperature and humidity, the higher the general temperature and humidity, the more serious the pollution, the pollution and the rate of exceeding standard are different in different seasons, and there is correlation between toxins, that is, they can affect each other. The pollution curves of zearalenone and vomiting toxin were similar. 2. 2. Corn by-products of all raw materials were most seriously polluted by zearalenone and vomiting toxin. The next is maize, in which corn zearalenone, vomiting toxin pollution is more common and more serious pollution, among them, the two toxins the most serious pollution of zearalenone; The third one was energy feed wheat, which showed that the content of vomit toxin was higher than that of corn scinalenone, and that of other feed materials (cake meal) was lower than that of other feedstuff (cake meal) in the whole year, the content of vomit toxin was higher, but the content of zearalenone in corn was very low. The impact of mycotoxin contamination on human economic development and animal health is enormous. Therefore, the levels, distribution and correlation of zearalenone and vomiting toxins in maize in 2013 have been analysed through the measured data, It can provide some reference for feed safety production and food safety and reduce economic loss.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S816

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