【摘要】：草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,研究其碳循環(huán)的變化規(guī)律對(duì)于了解整個(gè)陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的物質(zhì)循環(huán)具有重要的意義,隨著全球變化進(jìn)程的加劇,草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳循環(huán)已成為熱點(diǎn)研究議題。目前對(duì)碳過(guò)程的研究主要集中在荒漠草原、高山草原、亞高山草原、高寒草原,而對(duì)中低山地草甸草原生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的觀測(cè)則比較匱乏。本研究采用Li-8100開(kāi)路式土壤碳通量測(cè)量系統(tǒng)和靜態(tài)箱法(Li-840 CO2/H2O紅外分析儀),在烏魯木齊市西南50 km的甘溝鄉(xiāng),對(duì)山地草甸草原圍欄內(nèi)外的土壤呼吸和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)呼吸進(jìn)行了原地觀測(cè),同時(shí)對(duì)圍欄內(nèi)外的土壤、根系、植被進(jìn)行了調(diào)查,并觀測(cè)了氣溫、地溫、含水量等環(huán)境要素,得出了結(jié)論如下:1.對(duì)比分析了圍封與放牧山地草甸草原的土壤碳密度、地上植被碳密度及根系碳密度,結(jié)果表明,圍封9年后的山地草甸草原土壤碳密度和根系碳密度在不同土層均高于放牧區(qū),尤其是在0~10 cm土層差異達(dá)到極顯著水平(P0.01);圍封區(qū)各月地上植物碳密度均極顯著高于放牧區(qū)(P0.01)。因此,圍欄封育促進(jìn)了山地草甸草原的碳截存能力,顯著增加了山地草甸草原土壤和植物碳蓄積量。2.山地草甸草原,不論圍欄內(nèi)還是圍欄外,土壤呼吸都表現(xiàn)為明顯的日變化和季節(jié)變化規(guī)律,均呈單峰曲線(xiàn),放牧并沒(méi)有改變土壤呼吸速率的變化規(guī)律,5~8月峰形比較明顯,4、9、10月份無(wú)明顯峰形,碳排放大小夏季明顯高于其他月份,尤其是6、7月份土壤呼吸對(duì)總的碳排放量貢獻(xiàn)最大。總的來(lái)說(shuō),圍封后碳排放顯著高于圍欄外。3.溫度與濕度是影響土壤呼吸的兩個(gè)重要因子,但溫度起主導(dǎo)作用。在山地草甸草原,土壤呼吸與土壤含水量的相關(guān)性不顯著;土壤呼吸與地溫有著顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系,溫度是決定該山地草甸草原土壤呼吸的主導(dǎo)因子。圍欄內(nèi)外淺層土壤(0~5cm)相關(guān)性要高于其它深度的土壤,并且在各個(gè)層次的土壤,圍欄內(nèi)土壤呼吸與溫度的相關(guān)性要高于圍欄外,5 cm的地溫能更好的反映土壤呼吸的變化情況。4.山地草甸草原,不論圍欄內(nèi)還是圍欄外,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳交換都表現(xiàn)為明顯的日變化和季節(jié)變化規(guī)律,均呈單峰曲線(xiàn),放牧并沒(méi)有改變碳通量的變化規(guī)律,5~8月明顯表現(xiàn)為碳匯,但圍欄內(nèi)碳吸收明顯高于圍欄外,其他月份則表現(xiàn)為碳源,由于圍欄內(nèi)5~8月份在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳吸收中貢獻(xiàn)較大,因此圍封后的山地草甸草原在年季上表現(xiàn)為碳匯。而圍欄外則因夏季在碳吸收中貢獻(xiàn)小,因此表現(xiàn)為碳源。5.溫度與濕度是影響生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳交換的兩個(gè)重要因子,但溫度起主導(dǎo)作用。在山地草甸草原,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳交換與土壤含水量的相關(guān)性不顯著;生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳交換與溫度有著顯著的線(xiàn)性相關(guān)關(guān)系,溫度是決定該山地草甸草原碳交換的主導(dǎo)因子。
[Abstract]:Grassland ecosystem is an important part of terrestrial ecosystem. It is of great significance to understand the material cycle of the whole terrestrial ecosystem by studying its carbon cycle. Grassland ecosystem carbon cycle has become a hot research topic. At present, the study of carbon process mainly focuses on desert steppe, alpine steppe, subalpine steppe, alpine steppe, and alpine steppe. In this study, Li-8100 open-circuit soil carbon flux measurement system and static box method (Li-840 CO2/H2O infrared analyzer) were used in Gangou Township, 50 km southwest of Urumqi. The soil respiration and ecosystem respiration inside and outside the enclosure of mountain meadow grassland were observed in situ. At the same time, the soil, root system and vegetation inside and outside the fence were investigated, and the environmental factors such as temperature, ground temperature, water content and other environmental factors were observed. The conclusions are as follows: 1. The soil carbon density, aboveground vegetation carbon density and root carbon density of enclosed and grazing mountain meadow steppe were compared. The results showed that the soil carbon density and root carbon density of mountain meadow steppe after 9 years of enclosure were higher than those of herding area in different soil layers. Especially at 10 cm, the soil layer difference reached a very significant level (P0.01). The carbon density of aboveground plants in enclosed area was significantly higher than that in herding area (P0.01). Therefore, fencing promoted the carbon sequestration capacity of mountain meadow steppe, and significantly increased the soil and plant carbon accumulation of mountain meadow grassland. 2. In mountain meadow grassland, both inside and outside the fence, soil respiration showed obvious diurnal variation and seasonal variation, and all of them showed a single peak curve. Grazing did not change the variation of soil respiration rate. The peak form of May to August was obvious. There was no obvious peak in October, and the carbon emission in summer was obviously higher than that in other months, especially in June and July, soil respiration contributed the most to the total carbon emissions. Overall, carbon emissions after containment were significantly higher than those outside the fence. Temperature and humidity are two important factors affecting soil respiration, but temperature plays a leading role. There was no significant correlation between soil respiration and soil moisture content in mountain meadow grassland, and there was a significant positive correlation between soil respiration and soil temperature, and temperature was the leading factor to determine soil respiration in mountain meadow grassland. The correlation between soil respiration and temperature inside and outside the enclosure is higher than that outside the fence, and the correlation of soil 0~5cm is higher than that of other depth soil, and the correlation between soil respiration and temperature in each layer of soil is higher than that outside the fence. The soil temperature of 5 cm can better reflect the change of soil respiration. 4. In mountain meadow grassland, both inside and outside the enclosure, the carbon exchange of ecosystem showed obvious diurnal variation and seasonal variation, all of them showed a single peak curve, grazing did not change the change rule of carbon flux, and from May to August, carbon sink was obvious. However, the carbon uptake in the enclosure was significantly higher than that outside the fence, and the other months were carbon source. The enclosed mountain meadow steppe was a carbon sink in the annual season because it contributed a lot to the carbon sequestration of the ecosystem in May and August. But outside the fence because of the summer carbon absorption contribution is small, so the performance of carbon source. 5. 5. Temperature and humidity are two important factors affecting carbon exchange in ecosystem, but temperature plays a leading role. In mountain meadow steppe, the correlation between ecosystem carbon exchange and soil water content is not significant, but there is a significant linear correlation between ecosystem carbon exchange and temperature, temperature is the dominant factor to determine carbon exchange in mountain meadow grassland.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S812

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