【摘要】：本文主要以國(guó)外引進(jìn)安格斯牛為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)對(duì)2014年-2016年三年引進(jìn)安格斯牛的生長(zhǎng)性能、血清生化指標(biāo)、血液生理指標(biāo),體尺指標(biāo),常規(guī)生理指標(biāo),繁殖性狀,發(fā)病情況,環(huán)境氣候,飼養(yǎng)管理?xiàng)l件這幾大指標(biāo)進(jìn)行測(cè)定,來(lái)反映引進(jìn)純種安格斯牛在當(dāng)?shù)氐倪m應(yīng)性,并為當(dāng)?shù)匾M(jìn)良種牛提供數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)。試驗(yàn)按照安格斯牛出生日齡基本一致、體重接近、性別一致為原則,分別對(duì)不同年齡階段的牛進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。每一種類型的牛為一個(gè)試驗(yàn)組。然后進(jìn)行了以下研究:(1)分別對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)嘏?chǎng)犢牛、6月齡、12月齡、18月齡體尺數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行連續(xù)3年測(cè)量,2014年為引進(jìn)牛的數(shù)據(jù),2015年、2016年多為引進(jìn)牛后代數(shù)據(jù),通過(guò)對(duì)引進(jìn)牛與原產(chǎn)地的比較,引進(jìn)牛和后代3年體尺體重的比較。對(duì)體尺體重變化進(jìn)行總結(jié)分析得出在當(dāng)?shù)嘏?chǎng)的生長(zhǎng)適應(yīng)性。(2)對(duì)各年齡階段牛在不同季節(jié)血液血清生理生化指標(biāo)進(jìn)行測(cè)定,分析出安格斯牛在不同季節(jié)的生長(zhǎng)免疫指標(biāo)的變化。(3)對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厝馀＜膊∵M(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。分析數(shù)據(jù)反映出引進(jìn)純種安格斯牛在當(dāng)?shù)氐募膊∵m應(yīng)性。具體結(jié)論如下:1、通過(guò)當(dāng)?shù)嘏ｓw尺數(shù)據(jù)與原產(chǎn)地的參考數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行比較,得到各類牛在體尺數(shù)據(jù)上差異不顯著(P0.05),表現(xiàn)出隨年份增加體尺指標(biāo)也隨著提高。6月齡、12月齡、18月齡體重?cái)?shù)據(jù)與原產(chǎn)地相比差異顯著(P0.05),2016年安格斯牛平均體重分別為232.25kg、411.53kg、580.64kg,國(guó)外參考范圍值為200.4kg、350.6kg、520.6kg。安格斯牛在當(dāng)?shù)氐捏w尺增長(zhǎng)高于原產(chǎn)地,具有更快的生長(zhǎng)速度。2、舍飼條件下,黑色安格斯牛在體尺的增長(zhǎng)高于紅色安格斯牛,除十字部外,其他體尺指標(biāo)均差異顯著(P0.05)在生長(zhǎng)性能上強(qiáng)于紅色安格斯。表現(xiàn)出更快的生長(zhǎng)速度。3、各年齡階段的安格斯牛在冬季的生長(zhǎng)指標(biāo)低于其他季節(jié),表現(xiàn)出冬季的生長(zhǎng)性能較低但高于原產(chǎn)地,且隨著不同年份的變化,各階段的牛指標(biāo)都有所變化,呈現(xiàn)出隨著年份增長(zhǎng)牛數(shù)據(jù)指標(biāo)的適應(yīng)性有所提高。4、安格斯牛在當(dāng)?shù)乜偡敝陈士梢赃_(dá)到84.2%以上,2015年的總繁殖率達(dá)到89%以上。高于原產(chǎn)地的繁殖率,引進(jìn)安格斯牛在當(dāng)?shù)鼐哂辛己玫姆敝尺m應(yīng)性。隨著安格斯牛在當(dāng)?shù)厣畹臅r(shí)間的增長(zhǎng),安格斯牛的繁殖率有一定的提高。5、安格斯牛在當(dāng)?shù)刂悴?異食癖較原產(chǎn)地提高2%的發(fā)病率,且隨年份增長(zhǎng)有所降低。犢牛肺炎發(fā)病率也有所減少。成年牛的繁殖疾病發(fā)病率降低3%,飼養(yǎng)管理水平的提高,本身牛只對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境的適應(yīng)能力增強(qiáng),表現(xiàn)出牛只對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)丶膊∵m應(yīng)能力隨年有所提升。綜上所述,引進(jìn)純種安格斯牛在當(dāng)?shù)鼐哂辛己玫倪m應(yīng)性,并能表現(xiàn)出更高的生產(chǎn)性能。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the growth performance, serum biochemical index, blood physiological index, body size index, routine physiological index, reproductive character and incidence of Angus cattle introduced from 2014 to 2016 were studied. In order to reflect the adaptability of imported pure Angus cattle and to provide data basis for the introduction of improved breed cattle, the environmental climate and the breeding and management conditions were measured in order to reflect the adaptability of imported pure Angus cattle. According to the principle of the same age, the same body weight and the same sex of Angus cattle, the experiment was carried out at different ages. Each type of cattle is a test group. Then the following studies were carried out: (1) the body size data of local calves, 6 months old, 12 months old and 18 months old were measured for 3 consecutive years, 2014 was the data of imported cattle, and most of the data of 2015 and 2016 were imported cattle offspring. By comparing the imported cattle with the origin, the body weight of imported cattle and their offspring were compared in 3 years. The growth adaptability in local cattle farm was obtained by summing up and analyzing the body weight change. (2) the physiological and biochemical indexes of blood serum were measured in different seasons of cattle of different ages. The changes of growth and immunity indexes of Angus cattle in different seasons were analyzed. (3) the disease of local beef cattle was analyzed statistically. The analysis data reflect the local disease adaptability of imported pure Angus cattle. The specific conclusions are as follows: 1. By comparing the body size data of local cattle with the reference data of origin, it is found that there is no significant difference in body size data of all kinds of cattle (P0.05), which shows that the body size index increases with the increase of year, and increases with the age of 6 months. The average body weight of Angus cattle in 2016 was 232.25 kg, 411.53 kg, 580.64 kg, and the reference range was 200.4 kg / kg ~ 350.6 kg / kg ~ 520.6 kg / kg, respectively, compared with the original country (P0.05), the average body weight of Angus cattle in 2016 was 232.25 kg / kg ~ (411.53) kg / kg ~ 580.64 kg / kg, respectively. The growth rate of the body ruler of Angus is higher than that of native area, and it has a faster growth rate. 2. Under the condition of house feeding, the growth of the in vivo ruler of black Angus is higher than that of red Angus, except for the cross. Other body size indexes were significantly different (P0.05) in the growth performance of the stronger than the red Angus. The growth index of Angus in winter was lower than that in other seasons, and the growth performance of Angus in winter was lower but higher than that of origin, and it changed with different years. The indexes of cattle in all stages were changed, showing that the adaptability of cattle data increased with the increase of year. 4. The total fecundity rate of Angus could reach 84.2% in the local area and 89% in 2015. The breeding rate of the imported Angus cattle is higher than that of the origin, and the imported Angus cattle have good breeding adaptability in the local area. With the increase of the time of Angus living in the local area, the reproduction rate of Angus increased to a certain extent. 5. The incidence of foot and limb disease of Angus was increased by 2% than that of native place of origin, and decreased with the increase of year. The incidence of pneumonia in calves has also decreased. The incidence of reproductive diseases in adult cattle was reduced by 3%, and the raising and management level was improved, and the adaptability of cattle to local environment was enhanced, which showed that the adaptive ability of cattle to local diseases increased with years. To sum up, the introduction of pure Angus cattle has good adaptability in the local, and can show higher production performance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石河子大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S823

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